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The Effects of Education on Anxiety Levels in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for the First Time: An Integrative Review
Anxiety is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients receiving their first chemotherapy treatment. Improper prevention and management of anxiety can lead to poor psychosocial outcomes, dissatisfaction with care, and decreased adherence to treatment. A review of the literature was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of patient education at decreasing anxiety. Consistencies were found throughout the literature regarding patient education for this population. Information regarding side effects of treatment, side-effect management strategies, and orientation to the infusion center are the most important topics of education that reduce anxiety. In addition, education performed by nurses before the first chemotherapy infusion in a quiet environment is most effective. Integration of effective patient education programs improves holistic care by increasing emphasis on psychosocial aspects of oncology.
Journal Article
Black enough : stories of being young & black in America
A collection of short stories explore what it is like to be young and black, centering on the experiences of black teenagers and emphasizing that one person's experiences, reality, and personal identity are different than someone else.
Book
COVID-19 Mortality At The Neighborhood Level: Racial And Ethnic Inequalities Deepened In Minnesota In 2020
Substantial racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality have been observed at the state and national levels. However, less is known about how race and ethnicity and neighborhood-level disadvantage may intersect to contribute to both COVID-19 mortality and excess mortality during the pandemic. To assess this potential interaction of race and ethnicity with neighborhood disadvantage, we link death certificate data from Minnesota from the period 2017-20 to the Area Deprivation Index to examine hyperlocal disparities in mortality. Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) standardized COVID-19 mortality was 459 deaths per 100,000 population in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with 126 per 100,000 in the most advantaged. Total mortality increased in 2020 by 14 percent for non-Hispanic White people and 41 percent for BIPOC. Statistical decompositions show that most of this growth in racial and ethnic disparity is associated with mortality gaps between White people and communities of color within the same levels of area disadvantage, rather than with the fact that White people live in more advantaged areas. Policy interventions to reduce COVID-19 mortality must consider neighborhood context.
Journal Article
Analysis of Papaya Cell Wall-Related Genes during Fruit Ripening Indicates a Central Role of Polygalacturonases during Pulp Softening
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fleshy fruit that undergoes dramatic changes during ripening, most noticeably a severe pulp softening. However, little is known regarding the genetics of the cell wall metabolism in papayas. The present work describes the identification and characterization of genes related to pulp softening. We used gene expression profiling to analyze the correlations and co-expression networks of cell wall-related genes, and the results suggest that papaya pulp softening is accomplished by the interactions of multiple glycoside hydrolases. The polygalacturonase cpPG1 appeared to play a central role in the network and was further studied. The transient expression of cpPG1 in papaya results in pulp softening and leaf necrosis in the absence of ethylene action and confirms its role in papaya fruit ripening.
Journal Article
Exposure to prenatal maternal distress and infant white matter neurodevelopment
The prenatal period represents a critical time for brain growth and development. These rapid neurological advances render the fetus susceptible to various influences with life-long implications for mental health. Maternal distress signals are a dominant early life influence, contributing to birth outcomes and risk for offspring psychopathology. This prospective longitudinal study evaluated the association between prenatal maternal distress and infant white matter microstructure. Participants included a racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of 85 mother–infant dyads. Prenatal distress was assessed at 17 and 29 weeks’ gestational age (GA). Infant structural data were collected via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 42–45 weeks’ postconceptional age. Findings demonstrated that higher prenatal maternal distress at 29 weeks’ GA was associated with increased fractional anisotropy, b = .283, t (64) = 2.319, p = .024, and with increased axial diffusivity, b = .254, t (64) = 2.067, p = .043, within the right anterior cingulate white matter tract. No other significant associations were found with prenatal distress exposure and tract fractional anisotropy or axial diffusivity at 29 weeks’ GA, or earlier in gestation.
Journal Article
Does Prenatal Maternal Distress Contribute to Sex Differences in Child Psychopathology?
Purpose of Review
Prenatal maternal psychological distress is an established risk factor for the development of psychopathology in offspring. The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether sex differences in fetal responses to maternal distress contribute to sex differences in subsequent psychopathology.
Recent Findings
Male and female fetuses respond differently to stress signals. We review recent evidence that demonstrates a sex-specific pattern of association between prenatal maternal distress and pathways associated with risk for psychopathology including offspring hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation, brain development, and negative emotionality.
Summary
Prenatal maternal distress exerts sex-specific consequences on the fetus. These differences may contribute to the well-established sex differences in psychopathology and in particular to greater female vulnerability to develop internalizing problems.
Journal Article
Early somatic mosaicism is a rare cause of long-QT syndrome
Somatic mosaicism, the occurrence and propagation of genetic variation in cell lineages after fertilization, is increasingly recognized to play a causal role in a variety of human diseases. We investigated the case of life-threatening arrhythmia in a 10-day-old infant with long QT syndrome (LQTS). Rapid genome sequencing suggested a variant in the sodium channel NaV1.5 encoded by SCN5A, NM_000335:c.5284G > T predicting p.(V1762L), but read depth was insufficient to be diagnostic. Exome sequencing of the trio confirmed read ratios inconsistent with Mendelian inheritance only in the proband. Genotyping of single circulating leukocytes demonstrated the mutation in the genomes of 8% of patient cells, and RNA sequencing of cardiac tissue from the infant confirmed the expression of the mutant allele at mosaic ratios. Heterologous expression of the mutant channel revealed significantly delayed sodium current with a dominant negative effect. To investigate the mechanism by which mosaicism might cause arrhythmia, we built a finite element simulation model incorporating Purkinje fiber activation. This model confirmed the pathogenic consequences of cardiac cellular mosaicism and, under the presenting conditions of this case, recapitulated 2:1 AV block and arrhythmia. To investigate the extent to which mosaicism might explain undiagnosed arrhythmia, we studied 7,500 affected probands undergoing commercial gene-panel testing. Four individuals with pathogenic variants arising from early somatic mutation events were found. Here we establish cardiac mosaicism as a causal mechanism for LQTS and present methods by which the general phenomenon, likely to be relevant for all genetic diseases, can be detected through single-cell analysis and next-generation sequencing.
Journal Article
The Pelvic Support Osteotomy: A Useful Therapeutic Alternative for Chronically Unstable Hips in Children and Adolescents
Background/Objectives: The sequelae from conditions affecting the proximal femur may cause instability, pain, leg length discrepancies and abnormal gait. Treatment options include arthrodesis and total hip arthroplasty, but both alternatives have limitations in young patients with severe deformities. Pelvic support osteotomy constitutes a viable option in these cases. The present study analyses the effectiveness and safety of the procedure. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study on patients with an unstable or stiff hip treated with a pelvic support osteotomy. Both the results obtained and the complications that occurred were subjected to a statistical analysis. In addition, a narrative literature review was carried out to elucidate the biomechanical rationale and the results of the technique. Results: This study included a total of 12 patients (8 male and 4 female) with a mean age of 13 years (range: 0–19). All cases were unilateral and the mean follow-up time was 6.9 years (range: 1–10). Preoperative leg length discrepancy was 8 cm (range: 5–10), and all patients presented with a marked Trendelenburg sign. The mean leg lengthening achieved was 8 cm (range: 8–10), following a mean external fixation time of 263 days (range: 180–360), which entails an external fixation index of 32.5 days per centimeter lengthened (range: 25–37). Mean leg length discrepancy fell to 0.9 cm (range: 0–3) and the Trendelenburg sign improved following treatment: it disappeared in three patients (25%), it became mild in seven (58%), and it improved to moderate in two (17%). Eight patients (66%) experienced some sort of complication over the course of treatment. Conclusions: Pelvic support osteotomies, combined with femoral lengthening, are a safe and effective option for managing severely damaged hips in children and adolescents.
Journal Article
Localized quasiparticles in a fluxonium with quasi-two-dimensional amorphous kinetic inductors
Disordered superconducting materials with high kinetic inductance are an important resource for generating nonlinearity in quantum circuits and creating high-impedance environments. In thin films fabricated from these materials, the combination of disorder and low effective dimensionality leads to increased order parameter fluctuations and enhanced kinetic inductance values. Among the challenges of harnessing these compounds in coherent devices are their proximity to the superconductor-insulator phase transition and the two-level systems located in the disordered structure. Here, we fabricate tungsten silicide wires from quasi-two-dimensional films and embed them into microwave resonators and fluxonium qubits, where the kinetic inductance provides the inductive part of the circuits. In this work, we study the dependence of loss on the frequency, disorder, and geometry of the devices, and find that the loss increases with the level of disorder and is dominated by the localized quasiparticles trapped in the spatial variations of the superconducting gap.
High kinetic inductance materials are widely used in superconducting circuits, yet their loss mechanisms are not fully understood. Here the authors study quantum circuits incorporating nanowires made of quasi-2D disordered superconductor WSi and identify localized quasiparticles as the dominant source of loss.
Journal Article