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Bruxism affects millions worldwide, leading to dental damage like worn teeth and tooth loss. Resin 3D printing presents a promising method for creating intricate, comfortable, and durable occlusal splints. This study examines how printing parameters—layer thickness, orientation angle, and curing time—affect the mechanical (compressive strength, wear rate, impact strength) and physical (water sorption, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy) properties of occlusal splints made from a methacrylate-based resin. A total of 120 specimens were produced according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards using different parametric combinations. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize key parameters. The optimum printing parameters for compressive strength include a layer height of 16.5 mm, curing time of 93.6 min, an orientation angle of 12.8º, yielding a compressive strength of 9.05 MPa, wear rate of 159 mm 3 /min, and impact strength of 71.58 J/m. Similarly, the optimum results for minimum surface roughness (8.013 microns), maximum dimensional accuracy (97.67 and minimum water sorption (0.386%) are achieved at a layer thickness of 16 mm, curing time of 93 min, and orientation angle of 12º. Results show that optimizing resin 3D printing parameters for occlusal splints significantly reduces production costs, particularly in regions with limited access to dental care, while promoting sustainable dental solutions by minimizing the environmental impact of traditional manufacturing methods and enhancing the efficiency of splint production.

The dental profession demands tremendous upgradation in terms of new materials for fostering innovation and promoting sustainable product design and manufacturing. To meet customer demand for elastomeric Rubber BLK 10 resin for clinical applications, researchers and industry leaders must continuously optimize its mechanical properties. The present study examined how layer height, build angle, and post-curing time affect surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of digital light processing resin 3D-printed specimens. Sixteen specimens were made according to the design of experiment runs to examine input factors. A Surfcom roughness tester and a Vernier caliper were used to examine the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of specimens made using ASTM standards. Minimum surface roughness of 0.242 microns and maximum dimensional accuracy of 97.27% are achieved with 50 microns layer height, build angle of 45°, and post-processing time of 60 min. Further, MOGA-ANN is used to optimize the output responses and minimum surface roughness of 0.241 microns, and a maximum dimensional accuracy of 97.84% is achieved with 20 microns layer height, build angle of 85°, and 60-min post-processing time, and same has been validated experimentally.

Purpose>This study examines the effect of housing environment on residents’ satisfaction and happiness using the data collected from selected residents of Gurugram, an urban locality in India.Design/methodology/approach>Using the convenience-cum-judgmental sampling technique, data was collected from 321 residents of 17 gated private housing estates and tested by performing factor analysis and partial least squares – structural equation modeling.Findings>The results revealed that maintenance service at housing estates significantly influences residents’ satisfaction followed by social infrastructure, dwelling attributes and residential amenities, whereas the accessibility aspect has no significant impact on residents’ satisfaction and happiness. Results also show a significant impact of social infrastructure on residents’ happiness, and most notably, residents’ satisfaction has a significant influence on their happiness.Research limitations/implications>The findings of this study are likely to provide valuable insight into housing stakeholders (government officials; real estate developers; property and construction professionals, i.e. planners, architects and maintenance managers) to improve the attributes in urban housing setting and neighborhood facilities to upsurge the residents’ satisfaction and happiness level toward the housing estates and townships, which leads to quality and happiness in residents’ life.Originality/value>According to the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to provide an inclusive way toward showcasing the key antecedents of residents’ satisfaction and happiness in the Indian urban housing context. Authors anticipate that future researchers will find present research as a valuable contribution to the residents’ satisfaction and happiness in urban housing planning and revitalization of urban locations.

Purpose This study aims to cover the overall gamut of rapid prototyping processes and biomaterials used for the fabrication of occlusal splints in a comprehensive manner and elucidate the characteristics of the materials, which are essential in determining their clinical efficacy when exposed to oral surroundings. Design/methodology/approach A collective analysis of published articles covering the use of rapid prototyping technologies in the fabrication of occlusal splints, including manufacturing workflow description and essential properties (mechanical- and thermal-based) evaluation of biocompatible splinting materials, was performed. Findings Without advances in rapid prototyping processes and materials engineering, occlusal splints would tend to underperform clinically due to biomechanical limitations. Social implications Three-dimensional printing can improve the process capabilities for commercial customization of biomechanically efficient occlusal splints. Originality/value Rapid technological advancement in dentistry with the extensive utilization of rapid prototyping processes, intra-oral scanners and novel biomaterial seems to be the potential breakthrough in the fabrication of customized occlusal splints which have endorsed occlusal splint therapy (OST) as a cornerstone of orthodontic treatment.

Determining the right process parameters for 3D scanning is crucial for rigorously inspecting reverse-engineered dental models. However, it is seen that various parameters, such as scanning distance, light intensity, and scanning angle, are rarely examined during preliminary experimental trials. The proposed research examines a method for estimating the ideal values of the aforementioned scanning parameters that minimize acquisition error. The face-centered, central composite design suggested twenty runs of experimentation with varying input parameter combinations. In each of these twenty scans, a physical denture model was scanned to extract a 3D CAD model, and the standard deviation of each model was calculated to investigate into the scan accuracy of the recorded data. A neural network architecture is used to train a model across input and output, and then the model is optimized by a genetic algorithm for the best results. Through a scanning distance of 208.28 mm, scanning angle of 54.1 degrees, and light intensity of 18 W/meter square, in a total of twenty trial runs, the lowest possible standard deviation of 0.2626. The standard deviation is minimized for achieving maximum accuracy using a heuristic GA-ANN algorithm with a scanning distance of 152.4 mm, scanning angle of 61.8 degrees, and light intensity of 14 watts per square meter and same has been validated experimentally.

Achieve optimal microwave system performance by mastering the principles and methods underlying today's powerful computational tools and commercial software in electromagnetics. This authoritative resource offers you clear and complete explanation of this essential electromagnetics knowledge, providing you with the analytical background you need to understand such key approaches as MoM (method of moments), FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) and FEM (Finite Element Method), and Green's functions. This comprehensive book includes all math necessary to master the material. Moreover, it features numerous solved problems that help ensure your understanding of key concepts throughout the book. To keep you from being bogged down with complex mathematical details (vector calculus) and coding, this comprehensive volume places emphasis on the analysis of the scalar wave equation in Cartesian coordinates. The book also includes multiple choice questions, appropriate for self study or courses, that help clarify concepts without any mathematical burden. Packed with over 1,300 equations, most of the problems presented in the book can be solved using nothing more than calculator.

In the present study, a nano composite PMMA was prepared with the help of hot plate magnetic stirring and probe sonication at different loading conditions of reinforcement material SS 316 L. In order to study the effect of independent factors (the amount of reinforcement material, stirring speed, and sonication time) on response variables, the central composite experimental design of response surface methodology was utilized. The microstructure (surface morphology and topography) was analysed by SEM and AFM, resulting in homogeneous dispersion of nano particles. The analysis of the RSM results indicated that the experimental data were most accurately represented by a quadratic polynomial model, with regression coefficient values exceeding 0.960 for all the responses. The optimum preparation conditions for PMMA nano-composite to achieve the best specific wear rate and compression strength were found to be as follows: the addition of 1.16% (w/w) of reinforcement material SS 316 L, a stirring speed of 1200 rpm, and a sonication time of 29.6 min. The results of this study hold great significance in the fabrication process of long-term provisional dental crowns and bridges. Graphical Abstract The process flow chart consists of 3 Phases. Phase 1 : Preparation of nanocomposite of PMMA resin and SS 316 L nanopowder using magnetic stirring and probe sonication. Phase 2 : Fabrication of nanocomposite using resin 3D printer and investigation of mechanical properties (compression strength and wear rate) and microstructure (SEM and AFM images). Phase 3 : Result analysis and validation using response surface methodology Highlights A nano composite was prepared using SS 316 nanoparticles as reinforcement material. The effect of independent process parameter was investigated using RSM model. The compression strength and wear rate of nanocomposite were studied. The microstructure was visualised by using SEM and AFM images. The noval fabricated 3D printable nanocomposites was found more effective.

Since the second edition of this book was published in 1996, planar transmission line technology has progressed considerably due to developments in ultrawideband (UWB) communications, imaging, and RFID applications. In addition, the simultaneous demands for compactness of wireless electronic devices while meeting improved performance requirements, necessitates increased use of computer-aided design, simulation, and analysis by microwave engineers. This book is written to help engineers successfully meet these challenges.Details include the development of governing equations, basis functions, Green's function and typical results. More than 1200 equations supplement the text. Special attention is given to the use of simulation software in the design of complex devices and understanding the connection between data collected from simulation software and the actual design process.The book is primarily intended for microwave design engineers and RD specialists who need to employ planar transmission lines in designing distributed circuits and antenna systems for a wide range of wireless applications. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students in electronics and telecommunication engineering will also welcome this addition to your library.

Since the second edition of this book was published in 1996, planar transmission line technology has progressed considerably due to developments in ultrawideband (UWB) communications, imaging, and RFID applications. In addition, the simultaneous demands for compactness of wireless electronic devices while meeting improved performance requirements, necessitates increased use of computer-aided design, simulation, and analysis by microwave engineers. Details include the development of governing equations, basis functions, Green s function and typical results. More than 1200 equations supplement the text. Special attention is given to the use of simulation software in the design of complex devices and understanding the connection between data collected from simulation software and the actual design process. --

The widespread integration of smartphones into modern society has profoundly impacted various aspects of our lives, revolutionizing communication, work, entertainment, and access to information. Among the diverse range of smartphones available, those operating on the Android platform dominate the market as the most widely adopted type. With a commanding 70% share in the global mobile operating systems market, the Android OS has played a pivotal role in the surge of malware attacks targeting the Android ecosystem in recent years. This underscores the pressing need for innovative methods to detect Android malware. In this context, our study pioneers the application of rough set theory in Android malware detection. Adopting rough set theory offers distinct advantages, including its ability to effectively select attributes and handle qualitative and quantitative features. We utilize permissions, API calls, system commands, and opcodes in conjunction with rough set theory concepts to facilitate the identification of Android malware. By leveraging a Discernibility Matrix, we assign ranks to these diverse features and subsequently calculate their reducts–streamlined subsets of attributes that enhance overall detection effectiveness while minimizing complexity. Our approach encompasses deploying various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression, for malware detection. The results of our experiments demonstrate an impressive overall accuracy of 97%, surpassing numerous state-of-the-art detection techniques proposed in existing literature.