Explore the vast range of titles available.

Kaempferol (kae) and its glycosides are widely distributed in nature and show multiple bioactivities, yet few reports have compared them. In this paper, we report the antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity differences of kae, kae-7-O-glucoside (kae-7-O-glu), kae-3-O-rhamnoside (kae-3-O-rha) and kae-3-O-rutinoside (kae-3-O-rut). Kae showed the highest antiproliferation effect on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, mouse colon cancer cell line CT26 and mouse melanoma cell line B16F1. Kae also significantly inhibited AKT phosphorylation and cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP in HepG2 cells. A kae-induced increase in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, inhibition of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced activation of T cell proliferation and NO or ROS production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were also seen. Kae glycosides were used to produce kae via environment-friendly enzymatic hydrolysis. Kae-7-O-glu and kae-3-O-rut were hydrolyzed to kae by β-glucosidase and/or α-L-rhamnosidase. This paper demonstrates the application of enzymatic catalysis to obtain highly biologically active kae. This work provides a novel and efficient preparation of high-value flavone-related products.

In order to improve the resolution ability of the cable inspection robot in the dark environment of the tunnel and enable it to complete the autonomous obstacle avoidance control, a new intelligent obstacle crossing control method for the tunnel cable inspection track robot is studied, and the working environment of the inspection robot is explored, the Denavit-Hartenberg parameter method is used to establish the obstacle crossing model of the inspection robot, the joint variables of each robot are analyzed, and the position and posture of the end effector of the robot are obtained. The minimum value of the sum of moments is obtained by using the approximate solution method, and the winding deflection and torsion angle of the inspection robot is calculated by reverse solution. The robot obstacle-crossing motion workspace is analyzed by using the optimization algorithm, and the three-dimensional coordinate system is established. It is decomposed into the X-Y coordinate system, Y-Z coordinate system, and x-z coordinate system, so as to determine the maximum distance that the end gripper pops up on each axis, and judge whether the inspection robot can achieve obstacle crossing. According to the feedback results, intelligent control is carried out, and experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the control method. The results show that the voltage value of the inspection robot obtained by the control method is closer to the theoretical value, which can effectively help the robot to achieve obstacle-climbing operation accurately.

GCaMP, one popular type of genetically-encoded Ca 2+ indicator, has been associated with various side-effects. Here we unveil the intrinsic problem prevailing over different versions and applications, showing that GCaMP containing CaM (calmodulin) interferes with both gating and signaling of L-type calcium channels (Ca V 1). GCaMP acts as an impaired apoCaM and Ca 2+ /CaM, both critical to Ca V 1, which disrupts Ca 2+ dynamics and gene expression. We then design and implement GCaMP-X, by incorporating an extra apoCaM-binding motif, effectively protecting Ca V 1-dependent excitation–transcription coupling from perturbations. GCaMP-X resolves the problems of detrimental nuclear accumulation, acute and chronic Ca 2+ dysregulation, and aberrant transcription signaling and cell morphogenesis, while still demonstrating excellent Ca 2+ -sensing characteristics partly inherited from GCaMP. In summary, CaM/Ca V 1 gating and signaling mechanisms are elucidated for GCaMP side-effects, while allowing the development of GCaMP-X to appropriately monitor cytosolic, submembrane or nuclear Ca 2+ , which is also expected to guide the future design of CaM-based molecular tools. The popular genetically-encoded Ca 2+ indicator, GCaMP, has several side-effects. Here the authors show that GCaMP containing CaM interferes with gating and signaling of L-type calcium channels, which disrupts Ca 2+ dynamics and gene expression, and develop GCaMP-X to overcome these limitations.

Traditional medicines have greatly contributed to people’s health worldwide. However, in recent years, the frequent occurrence of herb-induced liver injury (HILI) has raised public concerns regarding the safety of herbs. HILI not only severely impacts public health, thus increasing its medical burden, but also consumes medical resources. However, the pharmacoepidemiology and risk factors of HILI are still unclear due to the complexity of herbs (medication theory, drug composition, dual properties of drugs and food, etc.). China is the country with the most extensive use of herbs and cases of HILI worldwide. The safety profile of herbs (especially with respect to HILI) has also affected the use of herbs internationally. Therefore, this review focuses on the epidemic situation of HILI in mainland China to compile its characteristics, while focusing on the three main aspects of patients, drugs, and unreasonable prescriptions to explore the potential risk factors. Our objective was to provide a reference for HILI pharmacovigilance and risk prevention and control and contribute to Chinese knowledge of the realisation of the “Medication without Harm” global safe medication strategic goal of the World Health Organization.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the detection, location, and classification (DLC) of multiple dipole-like magnetic sources based on magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) data. In these applications, the tilt angle is usually used to detect the number of sources. We found that the tilt angle is only suitable for the scenario where the positive and negative signs of the magnetic sources’ inclination are the same. Therefore, we map the L2 norm of the vertical magnetic gradient tensor on the arctan function, denoted as the VMGT2 angle, to detect the number of sources. Then we use the normalized source strength (NSS) to narrow the parameters’ search space and combine the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm to solve the sources’ locations and magnetic moments. Simulation experiments and a field demonstration show that the VMGT2 angle is insensitive to the sign of inclination and more accurate in detecting the number of magnetic sources than the tilt angle. Meanwhile, our method can quickly locate and classify magnetic sources with high precision.

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are key populations for HIV and syphilis infection, and co-infection with both diseases significantly increases health risks. However, the co-infection of HIV/syphilis among this population in China has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to ascertain the prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection among MSM in China. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search involving PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang to identify publications reporting HIV/syphilis co-infection among MSM in China. Our search encompassed articles available from the establishment of these databases up to December 31, 2022. Additionally, we examined the references of retrieved articles to identify additional relevant records. The random-effects model fitting Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was employed to estimate the prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection and its 95% confidence interval ( CI ). Heterogeneity was assessed utilizing the I 2 statistics and Cochran’s Q test. To explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, we conducted subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Results A total of 46 studies were included, with a total sample size of 50,187 MSM, including1,459 co-infected individuals. The pooled prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection among MSM in China was 2.7% (95% CI : 2.2-3.4%), with significant heterogeneity ( I 2  = 90.5%, Q = 474.65, P  < 0.01). Across China’s four regions, the Central region exhibited the highest co-infection prevalence (4.5%, 95% CI : 0.0-17.7%), followed by the Eastern region (3.1%, 95% CI : 2.4-3.9%) and Western region (2.4%, 95% CI : 1.8-3.1%). In contrast, the Northeast region reported the lowest co-infection prevalence (0.6%, 95% CI : 0.3-1.0%). Studies utilizing multiple sampling methods (4.7%, 95% CI : 3.6-6.0%) and recruiting MSM from sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics (9.1%, 95% CI : 3.2-17.6%) showed higher prevalence of co-infection. Furthermore, the co-infection prevalence among MSM in China demonstrated a progressive increase with age. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection among MSM in China was elevated, with certain regional disparities. Notably, the STD clinics attendees and older MSM were more likely to be co-infected. Urgent and targeted measures are needed to enhance interventions for these vulnerable populations to control HIV/syphilis co-infection.

The fermentation process has a significant impact on the aromatic profile of wines, particularly in relation to the difference in fermentation matrix caused by grape varieties. This study investigates the leaching and evolution patterns of aroma compounds in Vitis vinifera L. Marselan and Merlot during an industrial-scale vinification process, including the stages of cold soak, alcohol fermentation, malolactic fermentation, and one-year bottle storage. The emphasis is on the differences between the two varieties. The results indicated that most alcohols were rapidly leached during the cold soak stage. Certain C6 alcohols, terpenes, and norisoprenoids showed faster leaching rates in ‘Marselan’, compared to ‘Merlot’. Some branched chain fatty-acid esters, such as ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and ethyl lactate, consistently increased during the fermentation and bottling stages, with faster accumulation observed in ‘Marselan’. The study combines the Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model based on odor activity values to elucidate the accumulation of these ethyl esters during bottle storage, compensating for the reduction in fruity aroma resulting from decreased levels of (E)-β-damascenone. The ‘Marselan’ wine exhibited a more pronounced floral aroma due to its higher level of linalool, compared to the ‘Merlot’ wine. The study unveils the distinctive variation patterns of aroma compounds from grapes to wine across grape varieties. This provides a theoretical framework for the precise regulation of wine aroma and flavor, and holds significant production value.

A fuzzy cognitive map based behavior planning method for mobile robot is proposed in this paper. Aiming at the intelligentialize advanced application problems of power substation equipment inspection robot, a logical structure of inspection tasks planning based on hierarchical hybrid complex system is presented, and the operating principle of task decomposition and task planning are given in detail. The dependent events in inspecting tasks are considered as concept nodes to present the connection weights between nodes and establish the fuzzy cognitive map model of task and behavior planning, so as to realize task decomposition and generate the action logic sequences. Meanwhile, the action sequences can be adjusted in real time with the sensor information. The proposed method is simple without introducing complicated calculations and much training. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness.

Atherosclerosis constitutes the fundamental pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases, with its pathogenesis intricately associated with dysfunctions in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Nanomaterials have emerged as a promising research focus within the biomedical field, attributed to their distinctive physicochemical properties. The present review explores the potential of nanomaterials, in conjunction with exercise interventions, to synergistically enhance vascular cell function, thereby presenting innovative therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. The present review systematically evaluates the various types of nanomaterials, elucidates their mechanisms of action, examines the synergistic effects of exercise interventions and discusses the challenges encountered in clinical translation, along with prospective directions for future research in this dynamic field.