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[...]the prevention of renal function deterioration in the early postoperative period is important [11,12]. [...]a high dose of norepinephrine, can negatively affect renal function [14,15]. Variables AKI – (n = 265) AKI + (n = 65) p value Bonferroni Baseline characteristics Age (years) 68.0 [61.0–73.0] 67.0 [63.0–74.0] 0.298 1 Male gender (n, %) 198 (74.7) 51 (78) 0.530 1 BMI (kg.m−2) 27.0 [23.9–30.9] 28.9 [25.2–31.2] 0.291 1 Chronic Kidney disease 17 (6.6) 13 (20.0) 0.002 0.040 Diabetes 65 (25.2) 21 (32.3) 0.247 1 Hypertension 150 (58.1) 39 (60.0) 0.786 1 Acute coronary syndrome 54 (20.9) 19 (29.2) 0.155 1 Stroke 19 (7.4) 3 (4.6) 0.436 1 LVEF (%) 60.0 [53.0–66.3] 60.0 [54.5–69.0] 0.753 1 Surgery type (n, %) 0.681 1 Ascending Aorta 3 (1.2) 0 (0.0) – Combined surgery (CABG and valve) 29 (11.4) 10 (15.4) – Isolated CABG 77 (30.2) 14 (21.5) – Valve replacement 7 (2.7) 2 (3.1) – Euroscore II 3.47 [2.0, 7.2] 4.1 [2.7–9.5] 0.071 1 Intraoperative characteristics Duration of CPB (min) 93.0 [68.7–122.0] 104.0 [60.5–141.5] 0.040 1 Duration of aortic clamp (min) 69.0 [50.0–91.0] 66.0 [44.5–96.0] 0.213 1 Scv02 (%) 78.8 [73.4–83.5] 78.7 [74.2–84.9] 0.770 1 CPB blood flow (ml/min) 5025.3 [4476.0–5360.0] 5092.2 [4619.1–5514.3] 0.431 1 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 68.6 [62.7–73.0] 65.7 [60.9–73.4] 0.306 1 Intraoperative hemoglobin level (g.dl−1) 9.9 [8.9–10.9] 9.5 [8.5–10.9] 0.599 1 RBC transfusion (n, %) 29 (11.4) 16 (24.6) 0.007 0.140 Norepinephrine infusion Cumulative norepinephrine dose (mg) 0.00 [0.0–0.5] 1.05 [0.0–7.3] <0.005 0.006 Number of patients receiving norepinephrine (n(%)).

Many behaviors are learned through trial and error by matching performance to internal goals. Yet neural mechanisms of performance evaluation remain poorly understood. We recorded basal ganglia—projecting dopamine neurons in singing zebra finches as we controlled perceived song quality with distorted auditory feedback. Dopamine activity was phasically suppressed after distorted syllables, consistent with a worse-than-predicted outcome, and was phasically activated at the precise moment of the song when a predicted distortion did not occur, consistent with a better-than-predicted outcome. Error response magnitude depended on distortion probability. Thus, dopaminergic error signals can evaluate behaviors that are not learned for reward and are instead learned by matching performance outcomes to internal goals.

The Coffee Leaf Miner (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae: Leucoptera coffeella) is a specialist herbivore and major global pest of coffee plants. Current pest control strategies primarily rely on chemical pesticides, leading to human and environmental constraints. Additionally, the emergence of insecticide-resistant populations underscores the urgent need for more specific and efficient pest management strategies. The development of novel techniques for controlling this insect pest requires rigorous interrogation of its physiology and interactions with host plants at a molecular/genetic level. To enable future research in this vein, we sequenced and assembled a draft L. coffeella genome using PacBio highly accurate long-reads (HiFi). Our assembly is comprised of 1615 contigs showing fragmentation, yet the majority of gene content is represented (BUSCO complete = 91.7%). We annotated 17467 protein-coding genes within our assembly, seven of which are core components of the small interfering RNA machinery. The expression of these genes was further confirmed via qPCR. This analysis – and the underlying genomic data – highlights potential targets for RNAi-based biopesticide development and will serve as the foundation for important future research aimed at protecting global coffee production from one of its most destructive pests.

Paullette Healy's daughter, Kira, hadn't been inside a classroom in more than 15 months when she started the New York City summer school program in July. Kira, 12, came home from her first day full of stories, eager to show off a portrait she'd drawn of...

The sounds of tomorrow are on college radio today. We asked radio programmers on campuses coast to coast to pick nine bands to watch. Beats the hell out of Lionel Richie.