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Previous research has shown that psychological well-being (PWB) is associated with self-rated health (SRH) over time, but limited research has explored the reciprocal association. This study examined the longitudinal association between self-rated health and subsequent psychological well-being in a Spanish cohort. Data were collected from participants of the \"Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra\" (SUN) Project, a dynamic university graduate cohort study. Psychological well-being was measured using the Ryff scale. Multivariable linear regressions analyse assessed the relationships between self-rated health, measured at study's baseline and after 4 years, and psychological well-being measured after a mean follow-up of 14.6 years. The association with Ryff's six dimensions (self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth) was also assessed. A total of 2,927 participants, mean age 38.7 years (SD = 11.2) at pre-baseline, 55.5% women, were followed-up for a mean of 14.6 years (SD 0.7). Compared to participants reporting poor/fair health, those with excellent self-rated health at baseline showed substantially higher subsequent psychological well-being scores (ajusted β = 15.1, 95% CI: 11.4-20.3) and were three times more likely to have above-median psychological well-being (adjusted OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.8-4.8). A dose-response relationship was observed across self-rated health categories, with significant associations for all PWB dimensions. Additionally, self-rated health improvements during the first 4 years were associated with higher subsequent psychological well-being scores. Self-rated health showed a direct, long-term association with subsequent PWB among Spanish university graduates, suggesting that perceived health status may be an important determinant of future PWB. However, our findings are limited by the single measurement of PWB and the use of self-reported measures. Further studies in more diverse populations are warranted to confirm these results.

To analyse the feasibility and acceptability of a culinary nutritional intervention aimed at increasing plant-based foods consumption in the context of the Mediterranean diet in parent-child dyads. The Nutritional and Culinary Habits to Empower Families (n-CHEF) is a 9-month feasibility study that included four culinary nutritional workshops (two face to face, two online) led by a chef and a dietitian-nutritionist. These workshops combined cooking with plant-based foods, with nutritional advice and experimental activities. The main outcomes were retention, quality of the intervention (monitoring workshops, acceptability and perceived impact) and changes in dietary and cooking habits. Parent-child dyads, Spain. Parent-child (aged 10-14 years) dyads. Fifteen parent-child dyads were recruited, of which thirteen were retained during the 6-month follow-up. All but one parent-child dyads attended the four workshops. The overall assessment of the workshops was positive, although the online workshops were rated lower than the face to face. In general, parent-child dyads reported benefits in terms of nutrition and cooking aspects. Parents significantly increased their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, but non-significant changes were observed in children. However, children increased their consumption of vegetables and legumes and reduced snacks and ready meals. Parents also changed some of their culinary habits and increased their confidence in cooking at home. The n-CHEF showed that the culinary nutritional intervention had good levels of recruitment, retention and acceptability among parent-child dyads. In addition, dietary and culinary knowledge and habits can be improved, although further studies are needed to know the long-term effects in larger populations.

Purpose Obesity has been related to intestinal dysbiosis and the modification of gut microbiota composition by dietary strategies becomes a promising strategy to help manage obesity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two weight-loss diets on the composition and functional profile of gut microbiota. Methods 55 men and 124 women with BMI > 25 kg/m 2 were randomly assigned to moderately high-protein (MHP) or low-fat (LF) diet. Differences in fecal bacteria abundance (based on 16 s rRNA sequencing) between before and after 4 months of calorie restriction was analyzed using EdgeR tool in MicrobiomeAnalyst platform. Bacterial functional profile was predicted using Tax4Fun and metagenomeSeq analysis. Significant KEGG Orthology (KO) terms were selected for the metabolomic study using chromatography. Results After the intervention, MHP-men showed a significant decrease in Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Dielma and Dielma fastidiosa . LF-men showed a significant increase in Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae, Peptococcus , Streptococcus and Christensenella, Duncaniella dubosii _CP039396_93.49%, Roseburia sp _AB744234_98.96% and Alistipes inops _KJ572413_99.57%. MHP-women increased Pasteurellales, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens , Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans _LR215981_99.55% and decreased in Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens _NR112902_99.56%. Finally, LF-women presented a significant decrease in Bacteroides clarus and Erysipelothrix inopinata _CP060715_84.4%. Surprisingly, no matching bacterial changes were found between these four groups. A total of 42 KO, 10 metabolic pathways and 107 related metabolites related were found implicated in these bacterial changes. Seven metabolites were confirmed in plasma. Conclusion Weight-loss-related-changes in gut microbiome composition and the functional profile occur in a sex- and diet-related manner, showing that women and men could differentially benefit from the consumption of MHP and LF diets. Trial registration NCT02737267, 10th March 2016 retrospectively registered.

PurposeTo assess the association between a score appraising adherence to the PaleoDiet and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Mediterranean cohort.MethodsWe included 18,210 participants from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort study. The PaleoDiet score comprised six food groups promoted within this diet (fruit, nuts, vegetables, eggs, meat and fish) and five food groups whose consumption is discouraged (cereals and grains, dairy products, legumes, culinary ingredients, and processed/ultra-processed foods). CVD was defined as acute myocardial infarction with or without ST elevation, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular death. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders were fitted to assess the association between the PaleoDiet score and CVD risk, and the PaleoDiet and MedDiet indices to explore differences between both diets.ResultsDuring 12.2 years of follow-up, 165 incident CVD cases were confirmed. A significant inverse association was found between the PaleoDiet score and CVD (HR Q5 vs. Q1: 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.76, P for trend = 0.007). A weaker association that became non-significant was observed when the item for low consumption of ultra-processed foods was removed from the score. Joint analysis of PaleoDiet and MedDiet Trichopoulou scores suggested that the inverse association between PaleoDiet and CVD was mainly present when adherence to the MedDiet was also high (HR for high adherence vs low adherence to both diet scores: 0.22, 95% CI 0.08–0.64).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the PaleoDiet may have cardiovascular benefits in participants from a Mediterranean country. Avoidance of ultra-processed foods seems to play a key role in this inverse association.

The health benefits of plant-based diets have been reported. Plant-based diets found in Spain and other Mediterranean countries differ from typical diets in other countries. In the Mediterranean diet, a high intake of phenolic compounds through olives, olive oil, and red wine may play an important role in cardiovascular prevention. Prospective studies carried out in Mediterranean countries may provide interesting insights. A relatively young Mediterranean cohort of 16,147 Spanish participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was followed (61% women, mean (SD) age 37(12) years at baseline) for a median of 12.2 years. Dietary intake was repeatedly assessed using a 136-item validated food frequency questionnaire, and (poly)phenol intake was obtained using the Phenol-Explorer database. Participants were classified as incident cases of CVD if a medical diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death was medically confirmed. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between (poly)phenol intake and the incidence of major CVD. A suboptimal intake of phenolic compounds was independently associated with a higher risk of CVD, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for the lowest versus top 4 quintiles: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.09–3.16). A moderate-to-high dietary intake of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, is likely to reduce CVD incidence in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Background: Different genetic and environmental factors can explain the heterogeneity of obesity-induced metabolic alterations between individuals. In this study, we aimed to screen factors that predict metabolically healthy (MHP) and unhealthy (MUP) phenotypes using genetic and lifestyle data in overweight/obese participants. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 298 overweight/obese Spanish adults. The Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome were used to categorize MHP (at most, one trait) and MUP (more than one feature). Blood lipid and inflammatory profiles were measured by standardized methods. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 95 obesity-predisposing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by a predesigned next-generation sequencing system. SNPs associated with a MUP were used to compute a weighted genetic-risk score (wGRS). Information concerning lifestyle (dietary intake and physical activity level) was collected using validated questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of MHP and MUP was 44.3% and 55.7%, respectively, in this sample. Overall, 12 obesity-related genetic variants were associated with the MUP. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that wGRS (OR = 4.133, p < 0.001), total dietary fat [odds ratio (OR) = 1.105, p = 0.002], age (OR = 1.064, p = 0.001), and BMI (OR = 1.408, p < 0.001) positively explained the MUP, whereas female sex (OR = 0.330, p = 0.009) produced a protective effect. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the multivariable model was high (0.8820). Interestingly, the wGRS was the greatest contributor to the MUP (squared partial correlation = 0.3816, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The genetic background is an important factor explaining MHP and MUP related to obesity, in addition to lifestyle variables. This information could be useful to metabolically categorize individuals, as well as for the design/implementation of personalized nutrition interventions aimed at promoting metabolic health and nutritional wellbeing.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. Although catheter ablation is the most efficacious therapy, relapses occur frequently (30%) in the first year after ablation. Novel biomarkers of recurrence are needed for a better prediction of recurrence and management of AF. In this pilot study, we aimed to analyze the baseline proteome of subjects included in a case-control study to find differential proteins associated with AF recurrence. Methods: Baseline serum proteomics (354 proteins) data from 16 cases (recurrent AF) and 17 controls (non-recurrent) were obtained using MS/MS analysis. A false discovery rate was performed using a nonlinear fitting method for the selection of proteins. Logistic regression models were used to further analyze the association between differentially expressed proteins and AF recurrence. Results: Ten proteins were differentially represented in cases vs. controls. Two were upregulated in the cases compared to the controls: keratin type I cytoskeletal 17 (Fold-change [FC] = 2.14; p = 0.017) and endoplasmic bifunctional protein (FC = 1.65; p = 0.032). Eight were downregulated in the cases compared to the controls: C4bpA (FC = 0.64; p = 0.006), coagulation factor XI (FC = 0.83; p = 0.011), CLIC1 (FC = 0.62; p = 0.017), haptoglobin (FC = 0.37; p = 0.021), Ig alpha-2 chain C region (FC = 0.49; p = 0.022), C4bpB (FC = 0.73; p = 0.028), N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase subunit gamma (FC = 0.61; p = 0.033), and platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain (FC = 0.84; p = 0.038). Conclusion: This pilot study identifies ten differentially expressed serum proteins associated with AF recurrence, offering potential biomarkers for improved prediction and management.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease primarily treated through molecular-targeted therapies. However, emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions may also play a role in managing inflammation associated with this condition. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), prevalent in southern European countries, has been widely recognized for its ability to reduce cardiovascular mortality, largely due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This anti-inflammatory potential has prompted interest in exploring the MedDiet's role in immune-mediated diseases, including psoriasis. Observational studies have indicated potential benefits, such as reductions in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. However, there is a need for well-designed clinical trials to address the methodological limitations of these studies and to establish specific dietary recommendations for psoriasis. This study aims to evaluate the impact of an intensive dietary intervention based on the MedDiet in patients with psoriasis. The study will assess the effects of this intervention on skin involvement, metabolic parameters, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the emotional well-being and quality of life of participants will be evaluated using validated questionnaires. A methodological analysis will also be conducted to enhance the design of future large-scale clinical trials. An open-label, single-blinded (evaluator) randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the impact of a high-intensity MedDiet intervention in patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis. A total of 38 patients will be randomly assigned into 2 groups-an intervention group receiving the MedDiet intervention and a control group receiving standard care. The intervention group will participate in dietary education sessions aimed at adopting the MedDiet over 4 months, with monthly monitoring by experienced nutritionists. Participants will receive 500 mL of extra virgin olive oil per week, along with informative materials, recipes, and weekly menus. In contrast, the control group will receive standard low-fat diet recommendations without nutritionist monitoring. All participants will undergo a baseline visit, a 2-month follow-up visit, and a final visit at 4 months. Blood tests will be conducted at the beginning and end of the study. This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Hospital Ramón y Cajal (Madrid) in July 2023. Enrollment concluded in October 2024, with data collection set to finish by February 2025. The findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. This protocol outlines the design of a clinical trial that implements the MedDiet in patients with psoriasis to evaluate its benefits on skin involvement, systemic inflammation, and quality of life. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06257641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06257641. DERR1-10.2196/64277.

Background and Aim. Individual lipid phenotypes including circulating total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides (TG) determinations are influenced by gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to predict blood lipid level (TC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG) variability using genetic and lifestyle data in subjects with excessive body weight-for-height. Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 304 unrelated overweight/obese adults of self-reported European ancestry. A total of 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity and weight loss were analyzed by a targeted next-generation sequencing system. Relevant genotypes of each SNP were coded as 0 (nonrisk) and 1 (risk). Four genetic risk scores (GRS) for each lipid phenotype were calculated by adding the risk genotypes. Information concerning lifestyle (diet, physical activity, alcohol drinking, and smoking) was obtained using validated questionnaires. Total body fat (TFAT) and visceral fat (VFAT) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. Overall, 45 obesity-related genetic variants were associated with some of the studied blood lipids. In addition to conventional factors (age, sex, dietary intakes, and alcohol consumption), the calculated GRS significantly contributed to explain their corresponding plasma lipid trait. Thus, HDL-c, TG, TC, and LDL-c serum concentrations were predicted by approximately 28% (optimism-corrected adj. R2=0.28), 25% (optimism-corrected adj. R2=0.25), 24% (optimism-corrected adj. R2=0.24), and 21% (optimism-corrected adj. R2=0.21), respectively. Interestingly, GRS were the greatest contributors to TC (squared partial correlation (PC2) = 0.18) and LDL-c (PC2 = 0.18) features. Likewise, VFAT and GRS had a higher impact on HDL-c (PC2 = 0.09 and PC2 = 0.06, respectively) and TG levels (PC2 = 0.20 and PC2 = 0.07, respectively) than the rest of variables. Conclusions. Besides known lifestyle influences, some obesity-related genetic variants could help to predict blood lipid phenotypes.

Culinary medicine (CM) represents a novel strategy to promote healthy ageing, as it improves adherence to healthy dietary patterns by providing nutritional education and training in cooking skills. We conducted a comprehensive review of the current scientific literature (2011–2022) concerning CM programmes implemented among participants over the age of 40. This review includes fourteen culinary-nutritional interventions. Each CM programme was analysed according to seven variables: health goal, study design, theoretical basis of the intervention, intervention duration, main outcomes, culinary intervention and the effectiveness of intervention. Although CM programmes showed low effectiveness in achieving positive results on psychosocial outcomes, they were successful in improving dietary intake and health-related outcomes. The interventions lasting for at least 5 months and employing study designs with two or more groups seemed to be important factors associated with achieving significant results. Significant results were observed regardless of the prevention phase defined as the health objective of the CM programme. The use of theoretical frameworks as an educational resource did not influence the effectiveness of the interventions. Other variables such as the inclusion of culinary outcomes, the optimisation of the culinary curriculum taught to the participants and the participation of a chef in the intervention are factors that should be taken into account. In addition, several educational components (cooking classes, hands-on cooking, free food delivery, individualized counselling) were promising for achieving health outcomes in ageing people. Our review has shown that CM programmes can be a powerful tool to improve the health status of ageing people.