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Photography and September 11th : spectacle, memory, trauma
\"It is all but impossible to think of September 11th 2001 and not, at the same time, recall an image. The overwhelmingly visual coverage in the world's media pictured a spectacle of terror, from images of the collapsing towers, to injured victims and fatigued firefighters. In the days, weeks and months that followed, this vast collection of photographs continued to circulate relentlessly. This book investigates the psychological impact of those photographs on a stunned American audience. Drawing on trauma theory, this book asks whether the prolonged exposure of audience to photographs was cathartic or damaging. It explores how first the collective memory of the event was established in the American psyche and then argues that through repetitive use of the most powerful pictures, the culture industry created a dangerously simple 9/11 metanarrative. At the same time, people began to reclaim and use photography to process their own feelings, most significantly in 'communities' of photographic memorial websites. Such exercises were widely perceived as democratic and an aid to recovery. This book interrogates that assumption, providing a new understanding of how audiences see and process news photography in times of crisis\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Interpolation and Commutant Lifting with Weights
Our two principle goals are generalizations of the commutant lifting theorem and the Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation theorem to the context of Hardy algebras built from
W
∗
-correspondences endowed with a sequence of weights. These theorems generalize theorems of Muhly and Solel from 1998 and 2004, respectively, which were proved in settings without weights. Of special interest is the fact that commutant lifting in our setting is a consequence of Parrott’s Lemma; it is inspired by work of Arias.
Journal Article
Use of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect deletions in clinical tissue sections
A variety of laboratory methods are available for the detection of deletions of tumor suppressor genes and losses of their proteins. The clinical utility of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of deletions of tumor suppressor genes has previously been limited by difficulties in the interpretation of FISH signal patterns. The first deletion FISH assays using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections had to deal with a significant background level of signal losses affecting nuclei that are truncated by the cutting process of slide preparation. Recently, more efficient probe designs, incorporating probes adjacent to the tumor suppressor gene of interest, have increased the accuracy of FISH deletion assays so that true chromosomal deletions can be readily distinguished from the false signal losses caused by sectioning artifacts. This mini-review discusses the importance of recurrent tumor suppressor gene deletions in human cancer and reviews the common FISH methods being used to detect the genomic losses encountered in clinical specimens. The use of new probe designs to recognize truncation artifacts is illustrated with a four-color PTEN FISH set optimized for prostate cancer tissue sections. Data are presented to show that when section thickness is reduced, the frequency of signal truncation losses is increased. We also provide some general guidelines that will help pathologists and cytogeneticists run routine deletion FISH assays and recognize sectioning artifacts. Finally, we summarize how recently developed sequence-based approaches are being used to identify recurrent deletions using small DNA samples from tumors.
Journal Article
The Framing of Climate Change in Canadian, American, and International Newspapers: A Media Propaganda Model Analysis
As a news story topic, climate change has potential narrative elements that include the oil industry and the earth’s climatic balance. With the world’s leading scientists now insisting that the story should be shifting from whether climate change is happening to “What are we going to do about it?” this article offers a critical comparative analysis of how American, Canadian, and international newspapers are framing this key issue. Based on Herman and Chomsky’s (1988) media propaganda model, the findings indicate that while newspapers in the United States might be avoiding the issue, all three “regions” show a hesitancy to frame climate change with either extreme weather consequences or oil reduction solutions.
Journal Article
Mythologizing the Vietnam War : visual culture and mediated memory
The Vietnam War is evolving from contemporary memory into history. Fifty years on, it still serves as a benchmark in the history of war reporting and in the representation of conflict in popular culture and historical memory. However, as contemporary culture tries to come to terms with the events and their political, psychological and cultural implications, the 'real' Vietnam War has been appropriated and changed into a set of mythologies which implicate American and Vietnamese national identities specifically, and ideas of modern conflict more broadly, particularly in shaping the mediation of the twenty-first century 'War on Terror'. This collection of interdisciplinary critical essays explores the cultural legacies of the US involvement in South East Asia, considering this process of 'mythologising' through the lenses of visual media and tracing the war's evolution from contemporary reportage to subsequent interpretation and consumption. It reassesses the role of visual media in covering and remembering the war, its memorialisation, mediation and memory. The origin of this collection of essays was an international conference, titled \"Considering Vietnam\", held at the Imperial War Museum, London, in February 2012, co-organised by the museum and the University of the Arts London Photography and the Archive Research Centre (PARC).
eBook
Attitudes Toward Mountain Lions in Western Illinois
Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are potentially recolonizing the Midwest and the number of sightings of mountain lions has been on the rise in recent decades. Public opinion influences policy on management practices of large carnivore species, so we surveyed active families in western Illinois regarding their motivation for engaging in outdoor activity, opinions on conservation of wildlife (specifically large carnivores), and personal environmental beliefs. We surveyed residents of nine counties in western Illinois making direct requests to fill out the survey at community events such as youth sports and Bald Eagle Days. The response rate of the survey was 64.5% and also provided us with contact information for individuals that claim to have seen a mountain lion in western Illinois. These latter individuals were asked to complete the second survey that asked questions concerning details of their sighting. Answers to these questions were assessed in order to determine whether the sighting was legitimate and this survey had a response rate of 29%. The respondents to the first questionnaire were more commonly female (59.6%), and white (94.1%) was the most common race reported. The respondents were divided into 4 subgroups and responses were compared. The subgroups were retirees or families with children, hunters or non-hunters, education level less than a 4 year college degree or a 4 year college degree or more, and income level above or below $100,000 annually. Overall, results showed that our respondents had a positive opinion toward the protection of mountain lions and the preservation of mountain lion habitat. When subgroups were compared there was no difference between attitudes toward mountain lions between groups. None of the purported sightings could be confirmed with certainty. However, the goal of our study was to determine whether there is support for mountain lion protection, habitat conservation, and mountain lion education programs in western Illinois and this was confirmed.
Dissertation
Development and refinement of a novel end-of-life planning website for patients with advanced cancer: a mixed methods approach
Purpose
Despite known benefits of planning for end-of-life, no digital tool exists to help patients with advanced cancer and their loved ones plan for death comprehensively. To address this unmet need, we developed a preliminary version of an innovative website to help patients with advanced cancer prepare for end-of-life tasks.
Methods
Guided by the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model for behavioral intervention development, patients with advanced cancer (
n
= 10) and their caregivers (
n
= 10) participated in a “Think Aloud” exercise and usability protocols to optimize the end-of-life planning website. The website was iteratively refined throughout the study in collaboration with the partnering company, Peacefully, Inc. Participants also completed the Acceptability E-Scale and System Usability Scale, with a priori benchmarks established for acceptability (scores of ≥ 24 on the Acceptability E-Scale) and usability (scores of ≥ 68 on the System Usability Scale).
Results
Patients (
N
= 10) and caregivers (
N
= 10) completed usability testing. Patients were majority female (80%), White (100%), and had a mean age of 58 years. Caregivers (
N
= 10) were majority male (60%), spouse/partner (90%), White (90%), and had a mean age of 59 years. For patients, a priori hypotheses were met for both acceptability (mean score of 24.7, SD = 4.35) and usability (mean score of 73.8, SD = 6.15). For caregivers, acceptability was just below the cutoff (mean score of 22.9, SD = 4.07) and usability exceeded the cutoff (mean score of 70.0, SD = 8.42). Overall, patients and caregivers reported high levels of satisfaction and found the website helpful, with specific suggestions for changes (e.g., add more information about information security, improve text legibility).
Conclusions
The findings from this study will inform modifications to optimize an innovative website to support patients with advanced cancer to prepare holistically for end-of-life tasks.
Journal Article
PTEN loss is associated with upgrading of prostate cancer from biopsy to radical prostatectomy
When distinguishing between indolent and potentially harmful prostate cancers, the Gleason score is the most important variable, but may be inaccurate in biopsies due to tumor under-sampling. This study investigated whether a molecular feature, PTEN protein loss, could help identify which Gleason score 6 tumors on biopsy are likely to be upgraded at radical prostatectomy. Seventy one patients with Gleason score 6 tumors on biopsy upgraded to Gleason score 7 or higher at prostatectomy (cases) were compared with 103 patients with Gleason score 6 on both biopsy and prostatectomy (controls). A validated immunohistochemical assay for PTEN was performed, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect PTEN gene deletion in a subset. PTEN protein loss and clinical–pathologic variables were assessed by logistic regression. Upgraded patients were older than controls (61.8 vs 59.3 years), had higher pre-operative PSA levels (6.5 vs 5.3 ng/ml) and a higher fraction of involved cores (0.42 vs 0.36). PTEN loss by immunohistochemistry was found in 18% (13/71) of upgraded cases compared with 7% (7/103) of controls (P=0.02). Comparison between PTEN immunohistochemistry and PTEN FISH showed the assays were highly concordant, with 97% (65/67) of evaluated biopsies with intact PTEN protein lacking PTEN gene deletion, and 81% (13/16) of the biopsies with PTEN protein loss showing homozygous PTEN gene deletion. Tumors with PTEN protein loss were more likely to be upgraded at radical prostatectomy than those without loss, even after adjusting for age, preoperative PSA, clinical stage and race (odds ratio=3.04 (1.08–8.55; P=0.035)). PTEN loss in Gleason score 6 biopsies identifies a subset of prostate tumors at increased risk of upgrading at radical prostatectomy. These data provide evidence that a genetic event can improve Gleason score accuracy and highlight a path toward the clinical use of molecular markers to augment pathologic grading.
Journal Article
Creating iPhone Dreams: Annihilating E-waste Nightmares
This article explores how the iPhone phenomenon was born, the reality of electronic waste, and the annihilation of news frames that link our use of electronics and electronic waste. Media sources and Google queries were searched for stories about the iPhone and electronic waste. Symbolic annihilation, push-and-pull media, and agenda-setting theory’s obtrusive issues are used to explore the implications. The results indicate that stories about the iPhone are plentiful and stories about electronic-waste very few and far between. The results also clearly show that stories that make connections between iPhones and electronic waste are annihilated. This article highlights that the iPhone is an iconic and readily outdated example of the horrible “waste makers” we have become. The conclusion offers suggestions for ways forward.
Journal Article