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The scientific article presents the results of a scientific experiment conducted to study the quality indicators of beef obtained from interbreeding of cattle of meat, dairy and combined breeds in the conditions of the Volgograd agricultural enterprise JSC \"Berdievsky Elevator\". The resulting crossbred bulls at the age of 9 months were divided into 4 groups of 10 heads each according to the principle of pairs of analogues: I experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Kazakh white-headed x Russian brown), II experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Kazakh white-headed x Aberdeen-Angus), III experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Aberdeen-Angus x red steppe), IV experimental group of ½ crossbreed (Simmental x red-mottled). The formed groups of animals were put on fattening up to 16 months of age. The growth dynamics of bulls and the qualitative characteristics of beef were evaluated.

The article describes the modern methods of increasing the degree of conversion the nutrients of feeds in livestock products with using the biologically active components activating metabolic processes and the work of the gastrointestinal tract, improving resistance of the organism, which positively affects on the meat productivity and raw materials quality.

The article is devoted to the research of the effect of nutrient solutions prepared on the basis of activated water: anolyte and catholyte on glucose synthesis during photosynthesis using the example of seedlings of vegetable crops: Japanese cabbage of the Mizuna variety, peas of the vegetable variety “Zima”, cucumber of the variety “Vsyo putyom”. The research was carried out to determine the mechanism of activated water influence on photosynthesis. As a result, the proposed working hypothesis on the effectiveness of the activated water influence on photosynthetic processes was confirmed. It has been shown that glucose synthesis is closely related to the reduction of absorbed CO 2 by NADPH + and ATP during photophosphorylation, and then their direct participation in this synthesis. It has been established that the increased concentration of hydrogen protons formed during the photolysis of activated water is the reason for the effectiveness of glucose synthesis, and, consequently, productivity. It has been shown that positively charged hydrogen ions H + involved in photophosphorylation, forming NADPH + , which together with H + is involved in glucose synthesis, during photolysis of water during photosynthesis have a concentration of ions 3.13·10 5 times higher in anolyte (534.67·10 -4 M/l) than in inactive water (170.67·10 -9 M/l), which provides, in comparison with the control, an increase in glucose synthesis by 26.7% for Japanese cabbage of the Mizuna variety; by 39.7% for peas of the vegetable variety “Zima” and by 33.3% for cucumber of the variety “Vsyo Putyom”. At the same time, for plants of vegetable peas “Zima”, an increase in the intensity of growth in the anolyte was noted in comparison with the control by 12.5%.

A brief review of devices and methods of functioning of sensors for direct control of transpiration phenomena, their advantages and disadvantages are given. The task of the research is to experimentally confirm the selected calculation dependence for determining the values of xylem flow, i.e. to obtain a formula for determining the rate of xylem mass movement depending on the temperature gradient on the stem surface, which is measured by sensors and given to the system of digital control of production processes based on thermoregulation. And the higher the flow velocity, the faster the temperature front will reach the remote sensor and will cool down by a smaller value than at lower flow velocity and the temperature difference will have a smaller value. The dependence of xylem flow velocity (sap flow) q (g/s) on the temperature difference Δt of the coolant at the inlet of the stem system (heater) and at its outlet (remote sensor-thermocouple) was experimentally obtained. The obtained dependence agrees well with the hyperbolic function q = 0.15 / Δt, obtained by computational method, which confirms the possibility of its application in the processor of digital control of the system of productivity processes in plant systems.

The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the nature of the relationship between the activated water parameters and the efficiency of glucose synthesis of vegetable crops using the example of set onion. It is noted that hydroponics is a method of growing plants in which nutrients can be artificially efficiently supplied to crops in mineral form as solutions. Solutions prepared on the basis of activated water are a new direction of hydroponic technology, which is insufficiently studied today. At the same time, to determine the degree of water activation, along with such indicators as pH and ORP, the activation degree in biology is usually expressed in terms of rН 2 index, which is a complex derivative of these two variables pH and ORP, that is, it most fully characterizes the properties of activated water. It is believed that the rH₂ scale varies from 0 to 42. Almost all plants feel comfortable at rH 2 25-35. For the experiment, onion bulbs were planted in the amount of 7 pieces for irrigation with a nutrient solution based on non-activated water (control samples) and 7 bulbs for irrigation with a nutrient solution based on activated water. Then, the concentration of glucose Cg was measured using a triple-repeat digital refractometer MA873 for each sample and the average value was calculated for the cases of non-activated and activated water. Throughout the experiment, the same conditions for growth were maintained in terms of temperature, illumination, humidity, gas composition and others affecting the development of the plant, except for the parameters of nutrient solutions. As a result, it was revealed that the nature of the change in Cg when fed with solutions based on activated water at a certain value of the parameter rH 2 = 31 has the greatest increase in Cg = 3.51%. At the same time, the measured Cg values at different values of the activation parameter rH 2 have a fairly close relationship, as evidenced by a fairly high correlation coefficient between them, equal to 0.73.

The effect of oxygen dissolved in water was researched (1.3 mg/l – without saturation, 6.1 mg/l – air saturation, 14.7 mg/l – oxygen saturation) on the microgreen productivity of “Ivolga” variety wheat of and ‘Aida’ variety lentils. It was found that the enrichment of water for seed germination with oxygen stimulates the speedy germination and receipt of wheat and lentils sprouts 1 day faster than in the variant without saturation. An increase in oxygen concentration contributes to the rapid root system growth of the researched cultures, stimulates the formation of 2 order roots, accelerates the development of the overhead plant parts without dry weight loss. On the 7th day of cultivation, the wet weight of wheat increased by 21% in the variant with air saturation and 56% with oxygen saturation, wet weight of lentils – by 57% and 77%, respectively. Both a deficiency and an excess of oxygen in water can adversely affect the content of basic pigments. Therefore, it is necessary to select the species composition of cultures for composing multicomponent mixtures, to obtain higher microgreen quality when grown on oxygen-rich solutions.

A convenient synthetic approach to novel functionalized bis(isoxazoles), the promising bivalent ligands of the AMPA receptor, was elaborated. It was based on the heterocyclization reactions of readily available electrophilic alkenes with the tetranitromethane-triethylamine complex. The structural diversity of the synthesized compounds was demonstrated. In the electrophysiological experiments using the patch clamp technique on Purkinje neurons, the compound 1,4-phenylenedi(methylene)bis(5-aminoisoxazole-3-carboxylate) was shown to be highly potent positive modulator of the AMPA receptor, potentiating kainate-induced currents up to 70% at 10−11 M.

Parameters of illumination including the spectra, intensity, and photoperiod play an important role in the cultivation of plants under greenhouse conditions, especially for vegetables such as lettuce. We previously showed that illumination by a combination of red, blue, and white LEDs with a high red light intensity, was optimal for lettuce cultivation; however, the effect of the photoperiod on lettuce cultivation was not investigated. In the current work, we investigated the influence of photoperiod on production (total biomass and dry weight) and parameters of photosynthesis, respiration rate, and relative chlorophyll content in lettuce plants. A 16 h (light):8 h (dark) illumination regime was used as the control. In this work, we investigated the effect of photoperiod on total biomass and dry weight production in lettuce plants as well as on photosynthesis, respiration rate and chlorophyll content. A lighting regime 16:8 h (light:dark) was used as control. A shorter photoperiod (8 h) decreased total biomass and dry weight in lettuce, and this effect was related to the suppression of the linear electron flow caused by the decreasing content of chlorophylls and, therefore, light absorption. A longer photoperiod (24 h) increased the total biomass and dry weight, nevertheless an increase in photosynthetic processes, light absorption by leaves and chlorophyll content was not recorded, nor were differences in respiration rate, thus indicating that changes in photosynthesis and respiration are not necessary conditions for stimulating plant production. A simple model to predict plant production was also developed to address the question of whether increasing the duration of illumination stimulates plant production without inducing changes in photosynthesis and respiration. Our results indicate that increasing the duration of illumination can stimulate dry weight accumulation and that this effect can also be induced using the equal total light integrals for day (i.e., this stimulation can be also caused by increasing the light period while decreasing light intensity). Increasing the duration of illumination is therefore an effective approach to stimulating lettuce production under artificial lighting.

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of AMPA receptors represent attractive candidates for the development of drugs for the treatment of cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders. Dimeric molecules have been reported to have an especially potent modulating effect, due to the U-shaped form of the AMPA receptor’s allosteric binding site. In the present work, novel bis(pyrimidines) were studied as AMPA receptor modulators. A convenient and flexible preparative approach to bis(pyrimidines) containing a hydroquinone linker was elaborated, and a series of derivatives with varied substituents was obtained. The compounds were examined in the patch clamp experiments for their influence on the kainate-induced currents, and 10 of them were found to have potentiating properties. The best potency was found for 2-methyl-4-(4-((2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl)oxy)phenoxy)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cyclohepta[d]pyrimidine, which potentiated the kainate-induced currents by up to 77% in all tested concentrations (10−12–10−6 M). The results were rationalized via the modeling of modulator complexes with the dimeric ligand binding domain of the GluA2 AMPA receptor, using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The prediction of ADMET, physicochemical, and PAINS properties of the studied bis(pyrimidines) confirmed that PAMs of this type may act as the potential lead compounds for the development of neuroprotective drugs.

Thermoregulation in plant systems is one of the main functions of transpiration, which plays the role of the upper terminal mover of the water current. It creates a continuous flow of water from the root system to the leaves and other vegetative organs of the plant, linking them into a single whole. This flow transports dissolved mineral and partially organic nutrients. The study of thermoregulation on plants of the strawberry garden variety Asia was conducted in 2019–2020 in the department of Closed Artificial Agroecosystems for Plant Growing at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow. The object of the study was thermoregulation processes occurring in plant systems. The subject of the study was the culture of garden strawberry Fragaria×ananassa (Weston.) Duchesne of the ‘Asia’ variety. As a source of light energy (LE) we used a thirty-six-watt bispectral lamp, consisting of 12 three-watt LEDs of red (660 nm) and blue (450 nm) colors at a ratio of 10:2, providing constant illumination of the culture. The study results allowed for a digital control of the efficiency of production processes in plant systems, due to the implementation of a step-by-step control algorithm in digital devices. The algorithm makes it possible to establish the maximum temperature difference between the leaf surface and the air.