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"Gur, Ilan"
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Searching for a Better Thermal Battery
Improved materials for storing heat could save energy in applications such as heating and cooling and could enhance generation from solar thermal plants. Energy storage has mainly focused on electrochemical systems ( 1 ). However, more than 90% of the world's primary energy generation is consumed or wasted thermally. Thermal energy storage has a broad and critical role to play in making energy use more sustainable for heating and cooling, solar energy harvesting, and other applications. Thermal storage technologies are still based on solutions developed decades ago, such as molten salt, ice, and paraffin phase-change systems, whose performance and cost do not merit widerscale adoption. Progress in materials science, chemistry, and engineering may lead to dramatic breakthroughs in thermal energy storage that could improve the efficiency with which we produce, distribute, and consume energy.
Journal Article
Air-Stable All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells Processed from Solution
We introduce an ultrathin donor-acceptor solar cell composed entirely of inorganic nanocrystals spin-cast from solution. These devices are stable in air, and post-fabrication processing allows for power conversion efficiencies approaching 3% in initial tests. This demonstration elucidates a class of photovoltaic devices with potential for stable, low-cost power generation.
Journal Article
Comparison of the Usefulness of Heart Rate Variability Versus Exercise Stress Testing for the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients Without Known Coronary Artery Disease
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be attenuated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and may, therefore, be possibly used for the early detection of myocardial ischemia. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a novel short-term HRV algorithm for the detection of myocardial ischemia in subjects without known CAD. We prospectively enrolled 450 subjects without known CAD who were referred to tertiary medical centers for exercise stress testing (EST) with single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). All subjects underwent 1-hour Holter testing with subsequent HRV analysis before EST with MPI. The diagnostic yield of HRV analysis was compared with EST, using MPI as the gold standard for the noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemia. All subjects had intermediate pretest probability for CAD. Mean age was 62 years, 38% were women, 51% had hypertension, and 25% diabetes mellitus. HRV analysis showed superior sensitivity (77%) compared with standard EST (27%). After multivariate adjustment, HRV was independently associated with an 8.4-fold (p <0.001) increased likelihood for the detection of myocardial ischemia by MPI, whereas EST did not show a statistically significant association with a positive MPI (odds ratio 2.1; p = 0.12). Of subjects who were referred for subsequent coronary angiography, the respective sensitivities of HRV and EST for the detection of significant CAD were 73% versus 26%. Our data suggest that HRV can be used as an important noninvasive technique for the detection of myocardial ischemia in subjects without known CAD, providing superior sensitivity to conventional EST in this population.
Journal Article
PHILOSOPHY OF PEACE EDUCATION IN A POSTMODERN ERA
Argues that peace education is actually part of the reality it attempts to change, noting problems in distinguishing between peace and violence, and arguing that justifications common in discussions of peace education serve certain acts of violence, and peace education is itself a manifestation of such violence. The paper examines possibilities for an alternative to current trends in peace education. (SM)
Journal Article
ADORNO AND HORKHEIMER: DIASPORIC PHILOSOPHY, NEGATIVE THEOLOGY, AND COUNTER-EDUCATION
From a contemporary perspective, the work of the Frankfurt School thinkers can be considered the last grand modern attempt to offer transcendence, meaning, and religiosity rather than “emancipation” and “truth.” In the very first stage of their work, Adorno and Horkheimer interlaced the goals of Critical Theory with the Marxian revolutionary project. The development of their thought led them to criticize orthodox Marxism and ended in a complete break with that tradition, as they developed a quest for a unique kind religiosity connected with the Gnostic tradition and emanating, to a certain extent, from Judaism. This religiosity offers a reformulated Negative Theology within the framework of what I call “Diasporic philosophy.” In his later work, Horkheimer explicitly presented Critical Theory as a new Jewish theology. Rearticulating Critical Theory is of vital importance today, both for understanding the current historical moment and for going beyond the oppressive dimensions of Critical Pedagogy. This article does not satisfy itself by offering a new reconstruction of Critical Theory; its goal is to offer a blueprint for a Diasporic counter‐education that transcends Critical Pedagogy and goes beyond the emancipatory dimensions of Judaism itself.
Journal Article
The Application of Biphasic Extrathoracic Cuirass-Assisted Ventilation in Normal Subjects Wearing Chemical–Biological–Radiological–Nuclear (CBRN) Gas Masks
Mobile RTX (MRTX), a portable light-weighted ventilator, provides noninvasive respiratory support using biphasic extrathoracic cuirass-assisted ventilation. Despite the effectiveness of chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear (CBRN) gas masks, they cause respiratory loading as a result of added dead space and resistance. This prospective comparative pilot study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of assisted ventilation provided by MRTX in healthy adult volunteers wearing CBRN gas masks at rest.
Cardiorespiratory parameters were monitored in 11 healthy adult volunteers breathing spontaneously or with assisted ventilation provided by MRTX, freely or with the mask on. Comparisons were made by single-factor analysis of variance.
AV significantly increased minute ventilation (p < 0.001). MRTX increased minute ventilation by 6.4 L/min (mean, 95% confidence interval: 3.1, 9.8; p < 0.005) and by 4.7 L/min (1.8, 7.5; p < 0.01) during spontaneous breathing and with the mask on, respectively. Simultaneously, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure decreased by 3.6 mmHg (2.2, 5.1; p < 0.001) and by 6.5 mmHg (3.8, 9.1; p < 0.001).
Biphasic extrathoracic cuirass assisted ventilation provided by MRTX is safe and effective in supporting adequate needs at rest even when wearing protective masks. MRTX should be further assessed as a possible adjunct to currently used field ventilation in CBRN scenarios.
Journal Article
Biphasic extrathoracic cuirass ventilation for resuscitation
The MRTX portable lightweight respirator (MRTX) provides noninvasive respiratory support using biphasic extrathoracic ventilation via a cuirass fitted around the patient's chest.
MRTX was applied with or without full protective gear, on adult volunteers simulating nerve agent (NA) victims by nonmedical caregivers. Assessment was made based on scores for correct positioning of the cuirass, quality of seal, and rapid ness.
For the unprotected and protected personnel, the respective median (±95% confidence interval) scores for correct positioning of the cuirass were 2 (1.4-1.9) and 1 (1.2-1.8) (n = 15 per group,
P = NS); quality of seal scores were 2 (1.5-2.0) and 2 (1.3-1.8) (
P = NS); and mean (±SD) time required for instituting mechanical ventilation was 90.5 ± 10.9 and 100.3 ± 7.9 seconds (
P < .05). The respirator was activated at first attempt 11 times in the group of 15 without protective gear and 8 times in the group of 15 with protective gear (
P = NS).
Biphasic cuirass ventilation is an easily learned and rapidly applied method suitable for use by nonmedical personnel, even when wearing cumbersome protective gear.
Journal Article