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Background Alteration of the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major bioactive constituent of green tea, is known to be beneficial in IBD alleviation. However, it is unclear whether the gut microbiota exerts an effect when EGCG attenuates IBD. Results We first explored the effect of oral or rectal EGCG delivery on the DSS-induced murine colitis. Our results revealed that anti-inflammatory effect and colonic barrier integrity were enhanced by oral, but not rectal, EGCG. We observed a distinct EGCG-mediated alteration in the gut microbiome by increasing Akkermansia abundance and butyrate production. Next, we demonstrated that the EGCG pre-supplementation induced similar beneficial outcomes to oral EGCG administration. Prophylactic EGCG attenuated colitis and significantly enriched short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia and SCFAs production in DSS-induced mice. To validate these discoveries, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and sterile fecal filtrate (SFF) to inoculate DSS-treated mice. Microbiota from EGCG-dosed mice alleviated the colitis over microbiota from control mice and SFF shown by superiorly anti-inflammatory effect and colonic barrier integrity, and also enriched bacteria such as Akkermansia and SCFAs. Collectively, the attenuation of colitis by oral EGCG suggests an intimate involvement of SCFAs-producing bacteria Akkermansia , and SCFAs, which was further demonstrated by prophylaxis and FMT. Conclusions This study provides the first data indicating that oral EGCG ameliorated the colonic inflammation in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. Our findings provide novel insights into EGCG-mediated remission of IBD and EGCG as a potential modulator for gut microbiota to prevent and treat IBD. 1weu4UfF6nDLmdPiHVjMmd Video Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease characterized by intestinal inflammation, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis, with limited treatment options available. This study systematically investigates the therapeutic potential of a synbiotic composed of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri in a murine model of colitis, revealing that GOS and L. reuteri synergistically protect against intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by promoting the synthesis of pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, from Bacteroides acidifaciens . Notably, the synbiotic, B. acidifaciens , and pentadecanoic acid are each capable of suppressing intestinal inflammation and enhancing tight junction by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Furthermore, similar reduction in B. acidifaciens and pentadecanoic acid levels are also observed in the feces from both human UC patients and lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in pigs. Our findings elucidate the protective mechanism of the synbiotic and highlight its therapeutic potential, along with B. acidifaciens and pentadecanoic acid, for UC and other intestinal inflammatory disorders. Here, Yujun Wu and colleagues report that a synbiotic composed of galactooligosaccharides and Limosilactobacillus reuteri alleviates gut inflammation in animals by enriching pentadecanoic acid synthesis from Bacteroides acidifaciens , showing potential for treating ulcerative colitis.

Dietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual phenolic acids affect the interactions between intestinal microbiota and macrophages in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we aim to elucidate the mechanism by which phenolic acids alleviate gut inflammation. Mice with or without depletion of macrophages were administered with four individual phenolic acids including chlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic, and ellagic acids, following dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment. Gut microbiota depletion and fecal microbiota transplantation were further performed in mice to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in phenolic acid-mediated protective effect. Colitis severity was evaluated using histological, serological, and immunological measurements. Absence of intestinal microbiota and macrophage deteriorate the epithelial injury in DSS colitis. Chlorogenic acid mitigated colitis by reducing M1 macrophage polarization through suppression of pyruvate kinase M 2 (Pkm2)-dependent glycolysis and inhibition of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (Nlrp3) activation. However, ferulic acid-mediated reduction of colitis was neutrophil-dependent through diminishing the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of caffeic acid and ellagic acid were dependent upon the gut microbiota. In fact, urolithin A (UroA), a metabolite transformed from ellagic acid by the gut microbiota, was found to alleviate colitis and enhance gut barrier function in an IL22-dependent manner. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the mechanisms by which phenolic acid protected against colitis were resulted from the interaction between gut microbiota and macrophage-neutrophil.

To analyze the risk factors for hospital-acquired infections following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to develop a nomogram prediction model. Clinical data from 324 AMI patients who underwent PCI between July 2021 and June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were categorized into an infection group (n = 39) and a non-infection group (n = 285) based on the occurrence of nosocomial infection postoperatively. Optimal cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Independent risk factors for nosocomial infection after PCI were identified through multivariate logistic regression, and a nomogram model was constructed accordingly. The model underwent internal validation via calibration curves, and its predictive performance was assessed using decision curve analysis. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender, drinking history, smoking history, hypertension, infarct location, or number of stents implanted (all P  > 0.05). However, the infection group had significantly higher age, higher prevalence of diabetes, greater proportion of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV, more frequent invasive procedures, and longer hospital stays (all P  < 0.05). ROC analysis identified optimal cutoff values of 60 years for age and 6 days for hospitalization time. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that age > 60 years, diabetes, NYHA class III/IV, invasive procedures, and hospital stay > 6 days were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection after PCI. The nomogram model demonstrated excellent discrimination, with a C-index of 0.915 (95% CI 0.877–0.953). The calibration curve indicated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. The nomogram provided higher net clinical benefit beyond threshold probabilities of 0.24 compared to individual predictors. A nomogram incorporating age, diabetes, cardiac function classification, invasive procedures, and hospitalization time was developed to predict the risk of nosocomial infection in AMI patients after PCI. The model exhibits strong predictive performance and may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for intensified monitoring and preventive strategies. However, as a prognostic tool, it does not directly mitigate infection risk and requires external validation before routine clinical implementation.

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into fuel and chemicals with added value represents an appealing approach to reduce the greenhouse effect and realize a carbon-neutral cycle, which has great potential in mitigating global warming and effectively storing renewable energy. The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) usually involves multiproton coupling and multielectron transfer in aqueous electrolytes to form multicarbon products (C2+ products), but it competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which results in intrinsically sluggish kinetics and a complex reaction mechanism and places higher requirements on the design of catalysts. In this review, the advantages of electrochemical CO2 reduction are briefly introduced, and then, different categories of Cu-based catalysts, including monometallic Cu catalysts, bimetallic catalysts, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) along with MOF-derived catalysts and other catalysts, are summarized in terms of their synthesis method and conversion of CO2 to C2+ products in aqueous solution. The catalytic mechanisms of these catalysts are subsequently discussed for rational design of more efficient catalysts. In response to the mechanisms, several material strategies to enhance the catalytic behaviors are proposed, including surface facet engineering, interface engineering, utilization of strong metal-support interactions and surface modification. Based on the above strategies, challenges and prospects are proposed for the future development of CO2RR catalysts for industrial applications.Graphical Abstract

In order to study the relationship between China's safety production indicators and economic and social indicators, the development trend of indicator data in the past 20 years was statistically analyzed, and qualitative and quantitative research was conducted using grey relational analysis and multiple linear regression analysis methods. In the past two decades, there has been a significant improvement in the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China's safety production, and the country's three categories of 14 economic and social indicators have achieved rapid development. Using the grey relation analysis method, the grey correlation degree between the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients in China over the past twenty years and 14 economic and social indicators was obtained. The ranking of economic and social indicators that affect the number of deaths, work-related injuries, and occupational patients varies greatly. A multiple linear regression model was established for the number of deaths, work-related injuries, occupational diseases, and 14 economic and social indicators. The rationality of the model was verified from four aspects: R 2 , F-value, P-value, and deviation between actual and fitted values. Provide guidance for the development of safety production indicators and economic and social indicators in China through research.

Background Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, and its potential association with the central nervous system has garnered increasing attention in recent years. While observational studies suggest that asthma may affect hippocampal structure and function through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation and hypoxia, its causal relationship remains unclear. Methods In this study, we employed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, utilizing large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data to systematically investigate the potential causal relationship between asthma and hippocampal volume. Data from a GWAS of asthma involving 155,386 individuals of European ancestry and GWAS imaging‐derived phenotypes (IDPs) of hippocampal volume from 33,219 European individuals were analyzed. Results The results revealed a significant negative correlation between asthma and multiple hippocampal IDPs (PFDR < 0.05), indicating that asthma may contribute to reduced hippocampal volume. We identified 19 independent SNPs significantly associated with asthma (P < 5×10⁻⁸), of which 16 SNPs were retained after clumping (r2 < 0.001) and harmonization. Sensitivity analyses revealed no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, and reverse MR analysis did not support a causal effect of hippocampal volume on asthma. Conclusion Our study provides genetic evidence for a causal relationship between asthma and changes in hippocampal volume, highlighting the need for closer monitoring and intervention in the neurocognitive health of asthma patients in clinical practice. Future studies should explore the causal relationship between asthma and brain structural changes across different racial groups and asthma subtypes, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms. This study reveals a causal relationship between asthma and reduced hippocampal volume using Mendelian randomization analysis. Asthma may negatively impact hippocampal structure via chronic inflammation, hypoxia, and long‐term glucocorticoid use, suggesting the need for monitoring neurocognitive health in asthma patients.

Liquid crystals (LCs) with stimuli-responsive configuration transition and optical anisotropic properties have attracted enormous interest in the development of simple and label-free biosensors. The combination of microfluidics and the LCs offers great advantages over traditional LC-based biosensors including small sample consumption, fast analysis and low cost. Moreover, microfluidic techniques provide a promising tool to fabricate uniform and reproducible LC-based sensing platforms. In this review, we emphasize the recent development of microfluidics in the fabrication and integration of LC-based biosensors, including LC planar sensing platforms and LC droplets. Fabrication and integration of LC-based planar platforms with microfluidics for biosensing applications are first introduced. The generation and entrapment of monodisperse LC droplets with different microfluidic structures, as well as their applications in the detection of chemical and biological species, are then summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensors are proposed. This review will promote the understanding of microfluidic techniques in LC-based biosensors and facilitate the development of LC-based microfluidic biosensing devices with high performance.

Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is regarded as a protein-specific modification. However, some PARPs were recently shown to modify DNA termini in vitro. Here, we use ultrasensitive mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), anti-PAR antibodies, and anti-PAR reagents to show that mammalian DNA is physiologically PARylated and to different levels in primary tissues. Inhibition of PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) increases DNA PARylation, supporting that the modification is reversible. DNA PARylation requires PARP1 and in vitro PARP1 PARylates single-stranded DNA, while PARG reverts the modification. DNA PARylation occurs at the N1-position of adenosine residues to form N1-Poly(ADP-ribosyl)-deoxyadenosine. Through partial hydrolysis of mammalian gDNA we identify PAR-DNA via the diagnostic deamination product N1-ribosyl-deoxyinosine to occur in vivo. The discovery of N1-adenosine PARylation as a DNA modification establishes the conceptual and methodological framework to elucidate its biological relevance and extends the role of PARP enzymes. Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a well-known posttranslational modification of proteins. Here the authors show that beyond proteins also mammalian single-stranded DNA is PARylated in vitro and in vivo.

Heavy metals and organic pollutants are prevalent in water bodies, causing great damage to the environment and human beings. Hence, it is urgent to develop a kind of adsorbent with good performance. Anion interlacing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a promising adsorbent for the sustainable removal of heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Using aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate (NH4B5O8 · 4H2O, BA) as raw materials, the LDHs complex (BA-LDHs) of B5O8− intercalation was prepared by one-step hydrothermal method. The BA-LDHs samples were characterized by a X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The results showed that B5O8- was successfully intercalated. Adsorption experimental results suggested that BA-LDHs possess a maximum adsorption capacity of 18.7, 57.5, 70.2, and 3.12 mg·g−1 for Cd(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI) and Methylene blue (MB) at Cs = 2 g·L−1, respectively. The adsorption experiment conforms to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, and the kinetic adsorption data are well fitted by the pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The as-prepared BA-LDHs have potential application prospects in the removal of heavy metals and dyes in wastewater. More importantly, they also provide a strategy for preparing selective adsorbents.