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Object This study investigates the endogenous factors of trait anger and reactive factors of life events in depression, and examines how anger expression and age influences the mechanism of depression. Method Eighty-nine healthy subjects were randomly selected as the reference group, and 115 outpatients with depression formed the control group. Participants completed the Life Events Scale (Selye 1969), the STAXI-2 scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results The analysis revealed that trait anger significantly mediates the relationship between life events and depression in the control group, with a total effect confidence interval of 0.46 (95% CI 0.11, 0.81) and an indirect effect of 0.12, accounting for 26.09% of the relative mediating effect (95% CI 0.04, 0.29). Conclusion Trait anger has a significant complete mediating effect on depression with life events as mediators in the control group. Furthermore, anger expression and age significantly moderate the mediating effects of life events on depression.

The soil carbon (C) saturation concept suggests an upper limit to the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). It is set by the mechanisms that protect soil organic matter from mineralization. Biochar has the capacity to protect new C, including rhizodeposits and microbial necromass. However, the decadal-scale mechanisms by which biochar influences the molecular diversity, spatial heterogeneity, and temporal changes in SOC persistence, remain unresolved. Here we show that the soil C storage ceiling of a Ferralsol under subtropical pasture was raised by a second application of Eucalyptus saligna biochar 8.2 years after the first application—the first application raised the soil C storage ceiling by 9.3 Mg new C ha −1 and the second application raised this by another 2.3 Mg new C ha −1 . Linking direct visual evidence from one-, two-, and three-dimensional analyses with SOC quantification, we found high spatial heterogeneity of C functional groups that resulted in the retention of rhizodeposits and microbial necromass in microaggregates (53–250 µm) and the mineral fraction (<53 µm). Microbial C-use efficiency was concomitantly increased by lowering specific enzyme activities, contributing to the decreased mineralization of native SOC by 18%. We suggest that the SOC ceiling can be lifted using biochar in (sub)tropical grasslands globally. A decadal-scale field trial revealed 1.01 Mg of rhizodeposit and necromass C was stored in soil microaggregate and mineral fractions per Mg biochar-C applied. Microspectroscopic analyses visualize mechanisms for this elevated soil C storage ceiling.

We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6; decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39%; build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%); and reduce non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the diversity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy. Plant responses to biochar are driven by interrelated biotic and abiotic processes. Biochar properties depend on the feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, and formulation, explaining the variation in responses to biochars. Through its persistence, negative priming effect, and capacity to build soil organic carbon and reduce N2O and CH4 emissions from soil, biochar contributes to climate change mitigation. By improving physical, chemical, and biological soil properties, particularly in the rhizosphere, biochars can stimulate plant growth and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Biochars increase crop yields on average by 10%–42%, with greatest response in acidic tropical soils and sandy dryland soils.

The consensus recommendations in 2018 from The Chinese Society of Hematology (CSH) on indications, conditioning regimens and donor selection for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) facilitated the standardization of clinical practices of allo-HSCT in China and progressive integration with the world. There have been new developments since the initial publication. To integrate recent developments and further improve the consensus, a panel of experts from the CSH recently updated the consensus recommendations, which are summarized as follows: (1) there is a new algorithm for selecting appropriate donors for allo-HSCT candidates. Haploidentical donors (HIDs) are the preferred donor choice over matched sibling donors (MSDs) for patients with high-risk leukemia or elderly patients with young offspring donors in experienced centers. This replaces the previous algorithm for donor selection, which favored MSDs over HIDs. (2) Patients with refractory/relapsed lymphoblastic malignancies are now encouraged to undergo salvage treatment with novel immunotherapies prior to HSCT. (3) The consensus has been updated to reflect additional evidence for the application of allo-HSCT in specific groups of patients with hematological malignancies (intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), favorable-risk AML with positive minimal residual disease, and standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia). (4) The consensus has been updated to reflect additional evidence for the application of HSCT in patients with nonmalignant diseases, such as severe aplastic anemia and inherited diseases. (5) The consensus has been updated to reflect additional evidence for the administration of anti-thymocyte globulin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in HID-HSCT.

DNA data storage is a rapidly developing technology with great potential due to its high density, long-term durability, and low maintenance cost. The major technical challenges include various errors, such as strand breaks, rearrangements, and indels that frequently arise during DNA synthesis, amplification, sequencing, and preservation. In this study, a de novo strand assembly algorithm (DBGPS) is developed using de Bruijn graph and greedy path search to meet these challenges. DBGPS shows substantial advantages in handling DNA breaks, rearrangements, and indels. The robustness of DBGPS is demonstrated by accelerated aging, multiple independent data retrievals, deep error-prone PCR, and large-scale simulations. Remarkably, 6.8 MB of data is accurately recovered from a severely corrupted sample that has been treated at 70 °C for 70 days. With DBGPS, we are able to achieve a logical density of 1.30 bits/cycle and a physical density of 295 PB/g. DNA data storage is a rapidly developing technology with great potential due to its high density, long-term durability, and low maintenance cost. Here the authors present a strand assembly algorithm (DBGPS) using de Bruijn graph and greedy path search.

Assessing the impacts of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on regional climate is essential for understanding land-atmosphere interactions and for designing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. Using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model, we examined how different land use and land cover patterns affect regional climate in the agro-pastoral transitional zone of North China, whose environmental and socioeconomic conditions are sensitive to climate change. We parameterized WRF using land use and land cover maps corresponding to 2001 and 2010 conditions, which differ in the representation of four land surface biophysical parameters: vegetation fraction, leaf area index (LAI), albedo, and emissivity. From 2001 to 2010, vegetation fraction and LAI increased in summer, emissivity increased and albedo decreased in winter. Our WRF simulations show that differences in land use and land cover patterns led to widespread reduction in summer temperature with local cooling on the order of 1 °C, and extensive increase in winter temperature with local warming exceeding 0.8 °C. By contrast, simulations using the default landscape representation, provided by WRF itself, show only minor and random changes in temperature. Model evaluation further reveals that our simulations with appropriate land surface properties improve the performance of the WRF model. Our findings demonstrate that LUCC in Northern China has altered the regional climate over the past decade. The magnitude and spatial patterns of temperature changes quantified by our simulations provide useful information for understanding the impacts of LUCC on climate and for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies in arid and semiarid regions.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by thickening of the ventricular muscle without dilation and is often associated with dominant pathogenic variants in cardiac sarcomeric protein genes. Here, we report a family with two infants diagnosed with infantile-onset HCM and mitral valve dysplasia that led to death before one year of age. Using exome sequencing, we discovered that one of the affected children had a homozygous frameshift variant in Myosin light chain 2 (MYL2:NM_000432.3:c.431_432delCT: p.Pro144Argfs*57;MYL2-fs), which alters the last 20 amino acids of the protein and is predicted to impact the most C-terminal of the three EF-hand domains in MYL2. The parents are unaffected heterozygous carriers of the variant and the variant is absent in control cohorts from gnomAD. The absence of the phenotype in carriers and the infantile presentation of severe HCM is in contrast to HCM associated with dominant MYL2 variants. Immunohistochemical analysis of the ventricular muscle of the deceased patient with the MYL2-fs variant showed a marked reduction of MYL2 expression compared to an unaffected control. In vitro overexpression studies further indicate that the MYL2-fs variant is actively degraded. In contrast, an HCM-associated missense variant (MYL2:p.Gly162Arg) and three other MYL2 stop-gain variants (p.E22*, p.K62*, p.E97*) that result in loss of the EF domains are stably expressed but show impaired localization. The degradation of the MYL2-fs can be rescued by inhibiting the cell's proteasome function supporting a post-translational effect of the variant. In vivo rescue experiments with a Drosophila MYL2-homolog (Mlc2) knockdown model indicate that neither the MYL2-fs nor the MYL2:p.Gly162Arg variant supports normal cardiac function. The tools that we have generated provide a rapid screening platform for functional assessment of variants of unknown significance in MYL2. Our study supports an autosomal recessive model of inheritance for MYL2 loss-of-function variants in infantile HCM and highlights the variant-specific molecular differences found in MYL2-associated cardiomyopathy.

To address the severe deformation and failure of roadway roof and floor encountered when crossing fault zones in coal mines in western China, this study takes the lower gateway of the 11E5-303 working face crossing the SF1 normal fault in Zhaohequan Coal Mine as an engineering case. A comprehensive investigation was conducted using field investigation, laboratory testing, numerical simulation, and engineering applications. The research aims to clarify the deformation mechanisms of the surrounding rock in fault-affected zones and to provide adequate control measures for roadway stability during fault crossing. Studies have shown that the roof and floor strata along the 11E5-303 Working face’s adjacent roadway are primarily composed of siltstone, fine sandstone, and argillaceous siltstone, which are highly susceptible to water-induced softening and swelling, leading to a significant decrease in mechanical strength. This phenomenon is particularly severe near the fault, where substantial roof subsidence and pronounced floor heave are observed. Based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, the deformation and failure mechanisms of the surrounding rock under the existing support system were analyzed. The study revealed that the roadway surrounding rock within 10 m of the fault zone is subject to intense deformation and damage, with the hanging wall showing a significantly larger failure range than the footwall. Floor heave at the fault zone is also markedly greater than in other sections. These findings identified key support zones and critical reinforcement areas, emphasizing the need for early implementation of high-strength support systems within the fault-affected area to enhance stability. Targeted control technology for surrounding rock stability in fault-crossing roadway was proposed. After optimization, the roof subsidence was reduced by 68% and the floor heaves by 81% compared to the original support system. The optimized support scheme significantly improved the stability of the roadway, demonstrating apparent effectiveness. These results provide valuable guidance for roadway support design and stability control under similar geological conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how miR-200b-3p inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of endometrial cancer cells by inducing the expression of FOSL2 in the AP1 transcription family. Endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1-A was divided into 16 groups: NC-mimic (transfected with negative control NC mimic), miR-200b-3p mimic (transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic), NC-suppress (transfected with negative control NC inhibit), miR-200b-3p inhibit group (transfected with miR-200b-3p inhibit), si-NC (transfected with negative control si-NC), si-FOSL2 (transfected with Si-FOSL2), oe-NC (transfected with negative control oe-NC), oe-FOSL2 group (oe-FOSL2), miR-200b-3p mimic + oe-NC group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic and oe-NC), miR-200b-3p mimic + oe-FOSL2 group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic and oe-FOSL2), miR-200b-3p inhibit + si-NC group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p inhibit and si-NC), miR-200b-3p inhibit + si-FOSL2 group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p inhibit and si-FOSL2), miR-200b-3p mimic + si-NC group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic and si-NC), miR-200b-3p mimic + si-FOSL2 group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p mimic and si-FOSL2), miR-200b-3p inhibit + oe-NC group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p inhibit and oe-NC), miR-200b-3p inhibit + oe-FOSL2 group (co-transfected with miR-200b-3p inhibit and oe-FOSL2). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, scratch test and Transwell assay were used to detect the expression of miR-200b-3p mRNA, FOSL2 mRNA and protein, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In endometrial cancer cell lines, the expression of miR-200b-3p was significantly down-regulated ( P  < 0.05), while the expression of FOSL2 was significantly up-regulated ( P  < 0.05). Compared with NC-mimic group, the expression of FOSL2, N-cadherin and Vimentin in miR-200b-3p mimic group was significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05), and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased ( P  < 0.05). The cell proliferation, migration rate and the number of transmembrane cells were significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05). Compared with the miR-200b-3p mimic + oe-NC group, the expression of FOSL2, N-cadherin and Vimentin in miR-200b-3p mimic + oe-FOSL2 was significantly increased ( P  < 0.05), the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05), and the cell proliferation, migration rate and the number of transmembrane cells were significantly increased ( P  < 0.05). Compared with NC-inhibit group, the expression of FOSL2, N-cadherin and Vimentin in miR-200b-3p inhibit group was significantly increased ( P  < 0.05), and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05). The cell proliferation, migration rate and the number of transmembrane cells were significantly increased ( P  < 0.05). Compared with the miR-200b-3p inhibit + si-NC group, the expression of FOSL2, N-cadherin and Vimentin in miR-200b-3p inhibit + si-FOSL2 was significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05), and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased ( P  < 0.05); the cell proliferation, migration rate and the number of transmembrane cells were significantly decreased ( P  < 0.05) The expression of miR-200b-3p in endometrial cancer cells is down-regulated, which can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells by regulating the EMT process, and its mechanism is related to its targeted negative regulation of FOSL2 expression.