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"Hawkins, Billy"
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The new plantation : black athletes, college sports, and predominantly white NCAA institutions
The New Plantation examines the controversial relationship between predominantly White NCAA Division I Institutions (PWI s) and black athletes, utilizing an internal colonial model. It provides a much-needed in-depth analysis to fully comprehend the magnitude of the forces at work that impact black athletes experiences at PWI s. Hawkins provides a conceptual framework for understanding the structural arrangements of PWI s and how they present challenges to Black athletes academic success; yet, challenges some have overcome and gone on to successful careers, while many have succumbed to these prevailing structural arrangements and have not benefited accordingly. The work is a call for academic reform, collective accountability from the communities that bear the burden of nurturing this athletic talent and the institutions that benefit from it, and collective consciousness to the Black male athletes that make of the largest percentage of athletes who generate the most revenue for the NCAA and its member institutions. Its hope is to promote a balanced exchange in the athletic services rendered and the educational services received.
eBook
The athletic experience at historically Black colleges and universities
This book provides a historical overview of athletics at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the current social educational significance of these athletic programs. It also provides a conceptual framework that contributes to the debate on college athletics and higher education, in general, and athletics at HBCUs, specifically.
eBook
Cementing the Music Video as an Innovative Art Form into Popular Culture
The research presented here is cementing the music video as an innovative art form. Referring to it as an actual art object that has been used as a full-fledged marketing tool in order to spread social messages from marginalized artists. The music video has a long history dating further than the creation of MTV. Analysis of various artists over the past few decades exposes the racism of the music industry and the development of inclusion by black artists. The results indicate the need for creating visual media in addition to music. They are both a valuable tool for artists and the industry.
Dissertation
Strategic philanthropy of athletes after transgression: examining the congruence effect of pre-transgression and transgression issues
PurposeThis study comprehensively explains how sports consumers evaluate athletes’ post-transgression philanthropic activities. We specifically focus on the congruence effect between the pre-transgression philanthropic endeavors and the transgression issue, shedding light on the effectiveness of these strategies in reinstating the positive image of athletes and associated entities.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a rigorous research design, replicating two studies using sports-related (n = 409) and non-sports-related (n = 404) transgression cases. Data were collected by the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. A series of experimental studies aimed to investigate the congruence mechanism underlying athletes’ post-transgression philanthropic efforts.FindingsWhen the post-transgression philanthropic initiative is related to the transgression, sport consumers are less likely to view it skeptically and are more inclined to positively evaluate the brand attitude and purchase intention, especially when the transgression is unrelated to the pre-transgression philanthropic efforts.Research limitations/implicationsAs is the case with most research, this study has a limitation. This study used a fictitious athlete name to prevent any prior biases or preconceived notions about the athletes and to avoid any unforeseen influences of personal attitudes toward the athlete. However, designing this study around a fictitious athlete may pose construct validity issues because it may not reflect real-life interactions with the athletes. To increase the validity of findings, future research should aim to replicate the current findings using the names of actual athletes.Originality/valueThis unique approach provides valuable insights and equips sports marketers and brand managers with effective strategies to restore the positive image of athletes and associated entities after a transgression has been made public, empowering them to make informed decisions in challenging situations.
Journal Article
An investigation of optimism between players and coaches in NCAA Men's Division I Golf
As the revenue and expenses increase in college athletics so too does the pressure on coaches to succeed. Coaches are constantly searching for ways to improve their athletes 'performance. One area that has received minimal research is explanatory style (optimism/pessimism) and its impact on athletic performance. The purpose of the present research was to: (a) determine if a relationship exists between coaches and players perception of one another's optimistic outlook: and (b) through qualitative data collection identify specific coaching techniques implemented when coaches deal with a more/ less optimistic golfer after a less successful round of golf. Participants were Division I Head Golf Coaches (N=8) and Division / male golfers (N=39). A mixed-method design was implemented with quantitative data obtained through the administration of The Life Orientation Test-Revised (Scheier, Can'er, & Bridges, 1994) and qualitative data obtained through standardized open-ended interviews with five head golf coaches. Quantitative results indicated the existence of a weak positive relationship between self-reported and perceived explanatoiy style. Qualitative analyses indicated coaches possessed an accurate understanding of explanatory style and implemented the technique of thought/self-talk redirection with their less optimistic players after a less successful round of competitive golf. These results add to the research on explanatory style and its impact on sport performance by providing coaches with a deeper understanding of how to assist athletes rebound from a poor athletic performance.
Journal Article
Examining Student Evaluations of Black College Faculty: Does Race Matter?
The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to describe the undergraduate student ratings of teaching effectiveness based on the traditional 36-item end-of-course evaluation form used in the College of Education (COE) at a southeastern Research Extensive predominantly White institution. Second, using critical race theory (CRT) to compare the teaching effectiveness for the tenure-track faculty in this study based on race (White, Black, and Other racial groups including Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans). Three academic years of undergraduate level courses were used to analyze student ratings for 28 items (26 multidimensional, which address specific topics or a single aspect about instruction and 2 global/overall, which address value of course and teaching ability) on the end-of-course evaluation form. Eight of the 36 items request demographic information from the student. The findings showed that of the three faculty racial groups, Black faculty mean scores were the lowest on the 26 multidimensional items. On the two global items, which are used in making personnel decisions, Black faculty mean scores were also the lowest of the faculty groups analyzed.
Journal Article
African American Women and Obesity: From Explanations to Prevention
This article reviews the literature on African American women's obesity and physical inactivity with the goals of analyzing common themes and explanations in order to develop and provide better prevention. In addition, literature about body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body size satisfaction is included in this review. These factors have importance in gaining an understanding about obesity and inactivity among African American women. The author introduces the other articles that are included in this special issue of the Journal of African American Studies that are related to African American health, specifically the health of African American women.
Journal Article
Conclusion. A Contested Terrain
Racial issues in sport appear to be moving at the speed of light. Tremendous cosmetic changes have been made within the past thirty years. For example, there are more people of color occupying leadership positions in sport, on and off the field. The National Basketball Association (NBA) has diversified ownership with Robert L. Johnson becoming the first African American majority owner of a professional basketball franchise. There are more black quarterbacks leading teams at predominantly white National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions and in the National Football League (NFL). This is a monumental transition in the sport of
Book Chapter