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Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition have been identified as a critical feature in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with a series of functional alterations including neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. N-feruloyl serotonin (FS) is a plant-derived component that exerts antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on Aβ25–35-treated neuronal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The radical scavenging activities increased with the concentration of FS, exhibiting in vitro antioxidant activity. The Aβ25–35-treated SH-SY5Y cells exerted neuronal cell injury by decreased cell viability and elevated reactive oxygen species, but that was recovered by FS treatment. In addition, treatment of FS increased anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased the pro-apoptotic factor Bcl-2-associated X protein. The FS attenuated Aβ-stimulated neuronal apoptosis by regulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, activated CREB-BDNF signaling was observed by the treatment of FS in Aβ25–35-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that FS shows potential neuroprotective effects on Aβ25–35-induced neuronal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest that FS may be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.

We investigated the protective effect and mechanisms of apigenin against cognitive impairments in a scopolamine-injected mouse model. Our results showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of scopolamine leads to learning and memory dysfunction, whereas the administration of apigenin (synthetic compound, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) improved cognitive ability, which was confirmed by behavioral tests such as the T-maze test, novel objective recognition test, and Morris water maze test in mice. In addition, scopolamine-induced lipid peroxidation in the brain was attenuated by administration of apigenin. To further evaluate the protective mechanisms of apigenin on cognitive and memory function, Western blot analysis was carried out. Administration of apigenin decreased the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio and suppressed caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage. Furthermore, apigenin down-regulated the β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme, along with presenilin 1 (PS1) and PS2 protein levels. Apigenin-administered mice showed lower protein levels of a receptor for advanced glycation end-products, whereas insulin-degrading enzyme, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) expression were promoted by treatment with apigenin. Therefore, this study demonstrated that apigenin is an active substance that can improve cognitive and memory functions by regulating apoptosis, amyloidogenesis, and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.

Deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the aging brain has been often observed and is thought to be a pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. The use of natural products for disease prevention and treatment is gaining attention worldwide. Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and Taraxacum coreanum have been used as traditional medicines in Asian countries, where they have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. It has been demonstrated that the combination of C. tinctorius L. seed and T. coreanum has an effect on cognitive enhancement, indicating a ratio of 5:5 synergistically enhancing learning and memory abilities in comparison with a single treatment. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of C. tinctorius L. seed and T. coreanum mixture (CT) at different concentrations on cognition in Aβ25-35-infused mice. CT-administered mice showed significant cognitive improvement in the T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, amyloidogenesis-related proteins, such as β-secretase and γ-secretase, were detected and their protein levels decreased after treatment with CT. Our study shows that CT attenuates cognitive dysfunction by improving learning and memory capability and regulating Aβ-related proteins in Aβ25-35-injected mice. These findings suggest that CT might be a candidate for functional food on cognitive improvement.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition have been identified as a critical feature in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with a series of functional alterations including neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. N-feruloyl serotonin (FS) is a plant-derived component that exerts antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on Aβ[sub.25–35]-treated neuronal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The radical scavenging activities increased with the concentration of FS, exhibiting in vitro antioxidant activity. The Aβ[sub.25–35]-treated SH-SY5Y cells exerted neuronal cell injury by decreased cell viability and elevated reactive oxygen species, but that was recovered by FS treatment. In addition, treatment of FS increased anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased the pro-apoptotic factor Bcl-2-associated X protein. The FS attenuated Aβ-stimulated neuronal apoptosis by regulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, activated CREB-BDNF signaling was observed by the treatment of FS in Aβ[sub.25–35]-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that FS shows potential neuroprotective effects on Aβ[sub.25–35]-induced neuronal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest that FS may be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and deposition have been identified as a critical feature in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with a series of functional alterations including neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. -feruloyl serotonin (FS) is a plant-derived component that exerts antioxidant activity. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on Aβ -treated neuronal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The radical scavenging activities increased with the concentration of FS, exhibiting in vitro antioxidant activity. The Aβ -treated SH-SY5Y cells exerted neuronal cell injury by decreased cell viability and elevated reactive oxygen species, but that was recovered by FS treatment. In addition, treatment of FS increased anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased the pro-apoptotic factor Bcl-2-associated X protein. The FS attenuated Aβ-stimulated neuronal apoptosis by regulations of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, activated CREB-BDNF signaling was observed by the treatment of FS in Aβ -induced SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrate that FS shows potential neuroprotective effects on Aβ -induced neuronal damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest that FS may be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.

Limited substrates content is a major hurdle dampening the antitumor effect of catalytic therapy. Herein, a two-dimensional interplanar heterojunction (FeOCl/FeOOH NSs) with ·OH generation under ultrasound irradiation is fabricated and utilized for catalytic cancer therapy. This interplanar heterojunction is prepared through replacing chlorine from iron oxychloride with hydroxyl. Benefiting from the longer hydroxyl bond length and enhanced affinity with water, the alkali replacement treatment integrates interplanar heterojunction synthesis and exfoliation in one step. In particular, a build-in electric field facilitated Z-scheme interplanar heterojunction is formed due to the aligning Fermi levels. The holes on the valence band of FeOCl have great ability to catalyze O 2 evolution from H 2 O, meanwhile, the generated O 2 is immediately and directly reduced to H 2 O 2 by the electrons on the conductive band of FeOOH. The self-supplying H 2 O 2 ability guarantees efficient ·OH generation via the Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by FeOCl/FeOOH NSs, which exhibits excellent anti-tumor performance. Chemodynamic therapy relies on Fenton or Fenton-like reactions to produce hydroxyl radical in the tumor region. Here the authors design a two-dimensional interplanar heterojunction with in situ hydroxyl radical generation under ultrasound irradiation, showing anti-cancer activity in preclinical models.

Objective. To research the influence of PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) process management on the incidence of needle injury and psychological anxiety of nursing interns. Methods. This study belonged to the experimental study. A total of 180 nursing interns who practiced in the hospital from March 2020 to April 2022 were studied. A total of 135 interns from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the control group and 175 interns from April 2021 to April 2022 as the research group. PDCA process management was carried on in the research group. The control group did not make any intervention only following the routine teaching plan. The incidence of needle injury, theoretical knowledge, behavior score, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), professional self-efficacy questionnaire score, and nursing practice satisfaction score were evaluated before and after 12 months of management. Results. After management, the incidence of needle injury in the research group was lower compared to that in the control group, and there are statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The scores of theoretical knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the research group were higher compared to those in the control group, and there are statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05) after management. After 12 months of management, the SAS score of the research group was lower compared to that of the control group, and there are statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). The score of occupational self-efficacy questionnaire in the research group was higher compared to that in the control group, and there are statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05) after PDCA process management. After 12 months of management, the satisfaction score of nursing practice in the research group was higher compared to that in the control group, and there are statistically significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Conclusion. Through PDCA process management, we can keep abreast of the situation of needlestick injuries among nursing students in practice and analyze in more detail the root cause of each nursing student’s occupational exposure and the outcome of treatment. The nursing students not only learn more practical knowledge in clinical practice but also feel that the hospital values and cares for them, which greatly increases their satisfaction.

Although nanocatalytic medicine has demonstrated its advantages in tumor therapy, the outcomes heavily relie on substrate concentration and the metabolic pathways are still indistinct. We discover that violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without requiring external stimuli and the catalytic substrates are confirmed to be oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) through the computational simulation and experiments. Considering the short of O 2 and H 2 O 2 at the tumor site, we utilize calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) to supply catalytic substrates for VPQDs and construct nanoparticles together with them, named VPCaNPs. VPCaNPs can induce oxidative stress in tumor cells, particularly characterized by a significant increase in hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, which cause substantial damage to the structure and function of cells, ultimately leading to cell apoptosis. Intriguingly, O 2 provided by CaO 2 can degrade VPQDs slowly, and the degradation product, phosphate, as well as CaO 2 -generated calcium ions, can promote tumor calcification. Antitumor immune activation and less metastasis are also observed in VPCaNPs administrated animals. In conclusion, our study unveils the anti-tumor activity of VPQDs as catalysts for generating cytotoxic ROS and the degradation products can promote tumor calcification, providing a promising strategy for treating tumors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based nanocatalytic cancer therapy is hindered by insufficient substrates at the tumor site and potential side effects arising from metabolites. Here the authors report a violet phosphorus-based nanosystem that supplies catalysts and substrates for producing cytotoxic ROS and generates the degradation products that can promote tumor calcification.

Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non‐metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade‐long effort toward understanding the size‐dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory‐directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom‐up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up‐down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen‐storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large‐scale production and other prospective applications are discussed. The successful theoretical‐research‐guided synthesis of borophene marks a milestone for the synthesis of 2D materials without layered bulk structures. The excellent properties and wide applications of borophene make it a new cousin of graphene in the family of 2D materials.

Purpose: The study investigates the role of governance, particularly social governance (SG) and health policies (HP), in shaping the adoption and enforcement of fluoride-based dental products (ADD) and water fluoridation programs. Using Collaborative Governance Theory and the Health Policy Triangle Framework, the study explores how key stakeholders such as government bodies, healthcare professionals, and the public influence fluoriderelated policies. Methods: Survey data from high-fluoride regions in China and Pakistan were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate hypotheses. Results: Results indicate that health policies, social governance, and stakeholder engagement significantly influence the adoption of fluoride-based products, improving community well-being (CWB) and promoting policy adoption and enforcement (PADD). Environmental governance (EG) moderates the relationship between fluoride product adoption and both CWB and PADD. Conclusion: The findings offer insights into developing effective and equitable public health interventions for fluoride management.