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Re-tear remains a frequent complication after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), adversely affecting functional recovery. This study aimed to develop and validate a clinical prediction model for re-tear risk following ARCR. This retrospective study included 570 patients undergoing ARCR from 2018 to 2023, randomly assigned to training (n = 399) and validation (n = 171) cohorts. Demographic, imaging, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. Independent predictors from multivariable logistic regression were used to construct a nomogram. Model performance was assessed by discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Six independent predictors were identified: age, maximal tear diameter, Patte grade III tendon retraction, high-grade fatty infiltration (Goutallier ≥ 3), positive tangent sign, and intraoperative repair tension. The nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC = 0.76 training; 0.74 validation) and calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow P  = 0.735 and 0.721, respectively). DCA demonstrated clinical utility across wide threshold probabilities, outperforming “treat-all” and “treat-none” strategies. This nomogram, integrating preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings, provides individualized re-tear risk estimates after ARCR, offering a practical tool for surgical planning and patient counseling.

Neural mechanisms underlying semantic processing have been extensively studied by using functional magnetic resonance imaging, nevertheless, the individual differences of it are yet to be unveiled. To further our understanding of functional and anatomical brain organization underlying semantic processing to the level of individual humans, we used out-of-scanner language behavioral data, T1, resting-state, and story comprehension task-evoked functional image data in the Human Connectome Project, to investigate individual variability in the task-evoked semantic processing network, and attempted to predict individuals’ language skills based on task and intrinsic functional connectivity of highly variable regions, by employing a machine-learning framework. Our findings first confirmed that individual variability in both functional and anatomical markers were heterogeneously distributed throughout the semantic processing network, and that the variability increased towards higher levels in the processing hierarchy. Furthermore, intrinsic functional connectivities among these highly variable regions were found to contribute to predict individual reading decoding abilities. The contributing nodes in the overall network were distributed in the left superior, inferior frontal, and temporo-parietal cortices. Our results suggested that the individual differences of neurobiological markers were heterogeneously distributed in the semantic processing network, and that neurobiological markers of highly variable areas are not only linked to individual variability in language skills, but can predict language skills at the individual level.

Every year, hundreds of new compounds are discovered from the metabolites of marine organisms. Finding new and useful compounds is one of the crucial drivers for this field of research. Here we describe the statistics of bioactive compounds discovered from marine organisms from 1985 to 2012. This work is based on our database, which contains information on more than 15,000 chemical substances including 4196 bioactive marine natural products. We performed a comprehensive statistical analysis to understand the characteristics of the novel bioactive compounds and detail temporal trends, chemical structures, species distribution, and research progress. We hope this meta-analysis will provide useful information for research into the bioactivity of marine natural products and drug development.

In the context of contemporary urbanization, the significance of diversifying urban public facilities has attracted significant attention. This study examines the relationship between road network and the diversity of urban public facilities in Changsha City. These factors are measured through the Shannon-Weiner Index and Space Syntax method. To provide greater specificity, the study employs Random Forest and Geographically Weighted Regression models to analyze the relationship between road networks and the diversity of urban public facilities. The results identify a nonlinear relationship between these variables. In addition, high accessibility exhibits a stronger association with diversity than accessibility alone, and this correlation is reflected in varying degrees of inconsistency across different study areas. Finally, the cartographic depiction of diversity clusters is overlaid on the road network, demonstrating a significant relationship between the configuration of the road network and diversity patterns. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the robust correlation between the roadway network and the diversity of urban public facilities. It prompts local governments to focus beyond mere equality, with a greater commitment to enhancing the quality of life for residents through diversity.

Background Family resilience plays a crucial role in helping depressed adolescents overcome challenges. However, studies examining family resilience in depressed adolescents are currently scarce. This study, guided by the family resilience framework, aimed to investigate the serial-multiple mediation of social support and psychological resilience between family communication and family resilience in Chinese families of depressed adolescents. Methods In 229 parents of adolescents with major depressive disorder, 20.1% comprises of fathers, while 79.9% comprises of mothers. The mean age of depressed adolescents was 14.84 (±1.76) years, and the mean age of parents of these depressed adolescents was 43.24 (±4.67) years. The Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Psychological Resilience of Parents of Special Children Questionnaire, and the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used to collected data. Descriptive, univariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were used in preliminary analyses. To explore mediation, we employed a serial-multiple mediation model (PROCESS model 6). Results Family communication was positively correlated with family resilience, social support, and psychological resilience. Mediation analysis revealed indirect effects of family communication on family resilience, which were mediated solely by either social support or psychological resilience, or through multiple mediation pathways involving both social support and psychological resilience. Conclusions Family communication positively and directly affects the family resilience of depressed adolescents, and a higher level of social support and psychological resilience can help improve family resilience. These findings not only provide empirical evidence supporting the family resilience framework but also have practical implications for future family interventions targeting depressed adolescents.

Previous studies have demonstrated that silica can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, and that macrophage phagocytosis is an essential step in this process. Although carbon is the primary component of coal dust particles, it also contains other impurities such as free silica, clay, sulfides, and carbonate minerals. Additional research is still necessary to discover if NLRP3 can be triggered due to the low silica content of coal dust particles. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether coal dust particles can induce the translation and transcription of NLRP3 inflammasome components in rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and whether Cytochalasin B may inhibit this process. According to the findings of our research, coal dust particles can upregulate the NLRP3 inflammasome components and IL-1β, a downstream inflammatory component. Furthermore, LPS and coal dust particles work in concert to raise the NLRP3 inflammasome components protein and transcript level in macrophages. Interestingly, the protein and transcript level of NLRP3 inflammasome components dramatically dropped when cells were concomitantly exposed to the actin polymerization inhibitor Cytochalasin B. This suggests that cellular uptake is required for coal dust particles to exert their pro-inflammatory effect.

Tightly focused optical fields are essential in nano-optics, but their applications have been limited by the challenges of accurate yet efficient characterization. In this article, we develop an in situ method for reconstructing the fully vectorial information of tightly focused fields in 3D space, while simultaneously retrieving the pupil functions. Our approach encodes these fields using phase-modulated focusing and polarization-split detection, followed by decoding through an algorithm based on least-sampling matrix-based Fourier transform and analytically derived gradient. We further employ a focus scanning strategy. When combined with our decoding algorithm, this strategy mitigates the imperfections in the detection path. This approach requires only 10 frames of 2D measurements to realize approximately 90% accuracy in tomography and pupil function retrieval within 10 s. Thus, it serves as a robust and convenient tool for the precise characterization and optimization of light at the nanoscale. We apply this technique to fully vectorial field manipulation, adaptive-optics-assisted nanoscopy, and addressing mixed-state problems. Tightly focused optical fields are essential in nano-optics, but lack tools for accurate yet efficient characterization. Here, the authors develop an in situ method to reconstruct the fully vectorial information of tightly focused fields in 3D space.

To guide animal experiments, we investigated the similarities and differences between humans and mice in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) or single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) level. Microglia cells were extracted from dataset GSE198323 of human post-mortem hippocampus. The distributions and proportions of microglia subpopulation cell numbers related to AD or age were compared. This comparison was done between GSE198323 for humans and GSE127892 for mice, respectively. The Seurat R package and harmony R package were used for data analysis and batch effect correction. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by FindMarkers function with MAST test. Comparative analyses were conducted on shared genes in DEGs associated with age and AD. The analyses were done between human and mouse using various bioinformatics techniques. The analysis of genes in DEGs related to age was conducted. Similarly, the analysis of genes in DEGs related to AD was performed. Cross-species analyses were conducted using orthologous genes. Comparative analyses of pseudotime between humans and mice were performed using Monocle2. (1) Similarities: The proportion of microglial subpopulation Cell_APOE/Apoe shows consistent trends, whether in AD or normal control (NC) groups in both humans and mice. The proportion of Cell_CX3CR1/Cx3cr1, representing homeostatic microglia, remains stable with age in NC groups across species. Tuberculosis and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis pathways are shared in microglia responses to age and AD across species, respectively. (2) Differences: IL1RAPL1 and SPP1 as marker genes are more identifiable in human microglia compared to their mouse counterparts. Most genes of DEGs associated with age or AD exhibit different trends between humans and mice. Pseudotime analyses demonstrate varying cell density trends in microglial subpopulations, depending on age or AD across species. Mouse Apoe and Cell_Apoe maybe serve as proxies for studying human AD, while Cx3cr1 and Cell_Cx3cr1 are suitable for human aging studies. However, AD mouse models (App_NL_G_F) have limitations in studying human genes like IL1RAPL1 and SPP1 related to AD. Thus, mouse models cannot fully replace human samples for AD and aging research.

Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), which has the advantages of high energy density, no halogen and low characteristic signal, is not only considered as a new high-energy oxidizer that is expected to replace the traditional oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP) in solid propellants, but also a good performance explosive in itself. However, due to the strong hygroscopicity of ADN, its application in solid propellants and explosives is greatly limited. Solving the hygroscopicity of ADN is the key to realize the wide application of ADN. In this paper, we systematically review the research progress of anti-hygroscopic strategies of ADN coating. The surface coating methods are focusing on solvent volatilization, solvent-non-solvent, melt crystallization and atomic layer deposition technology. The characteristics of the different methods are compared and analyzed, and the basis for the classification and selection of the coating materials are introduced in detail. In addition, the feasibility of material for surface coating of ADN is evaluated by several compatibility analysis methods. It is highly expected that the liquid phase method (solvent volatilization method, solvent-non-solvent method) would be the promising method for future ADN coating because of its effective, safety and facile operation. Furthermore, polymer materials, are the preferred coating materials due to their high viscosity, easy adhesion, good anti-hygroscopic effect, and heat resistance, which make ADN weak hygroscopicity, less sensitive, easier to preserve and good compatibility.

General anesthesia induces a range of effects, including unconsciousness, analgesia, amnesia, and immobility. Despite its widespread use for over a century, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate whether different intravenous anesthetics share common neuronal targets. Propofol (180 mg/kg), midazolam (75 mg/kg), and esketamine (250 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected in C57BL/6J mice, respectively. After one hour of anesthesia, mice were transcardially perfused, and their brains were examined for Fos protein localization to assess changes in neuronal activity across the central nervous system. The 14 selected regions of interest (ROIs) associated with sleep-wake regulation, emotional stress processing, or pain modulation include: oval division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST), basal forebrain (BF), ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PvH), supraoptic nucleus (SON), central amygdaloid nucleus (CeA), paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT), lateral habenular nucleus (LHb), tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW), dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), locus coeruleus (LC) and parabrachial nucleus (PB). Following the administration of three different anesthetics, the immunoreactivity of Fos in the 14 ROIs increased in the following brain regions: ovBNST, LHb, PvH, SON, CeA, and EW; however, the BF, PVT, DR, LC, and PB showed no appreciable changes, while the VLPO, TMN, and vlPAG exhibited variable Fos immunoreactivity across the three anesthetic groups. These findings suggest that propofol, midazolam, and esketamine may commonly enhance neuronal activity in specific brain regions, providing new morphological insights into the mechanisms of general anesthesia.