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The relevance of this study to climate change lies in its examination of climate variability—encompassing fluctuations in temperature, rainfall, and seasonal patterns—which directly reflects global climate change dynamics. Such variability has profound implications for small-scale capture fisheries, influencing marine productivity, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, and generating uncertainty in fishing seasons. By employing the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) based on the IPCC framework, this study systematically evaluates the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing households to climate-induced stressors. The sampling method employed was accidental sampling, involving 100 small-scale fishermen engaged in one-day fishing activities. The results showed that the LVI index value of 0.234 indicates a low level of livelihood vulnerability of fishermen's households. However, strengthening adaptive capacity remains needed to address future climate uncertainty. Regression analysis showed that age, ship ownership, and fishing distance significantly influence vulnerability, whereas fishing experience and household size did not. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.590 indicates that the model explains 59% of the variation in livelihood vulnerability. These findings underscore the importance of adaptation strategies and risk-based policies in enhancing the resilience of small-scale fishers to climate-related stress.

Palm oil industry plays a vital role in Indonesia economy. The palm oil industry can also support sustainable development since it is based on renewable natural resources. The contribution to sustainable development is hampered if oil palm production system, especially of smallholder farmers is not sustainable. Smallholder farmers consist of almost half of the total of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The sustainability of oil palm farming of smallholder farmers may influence significantly to the overall sustainability. The adoption of Indonesia sustainable palm oil production system by smallholder farmers may improve the sustainability of oil palm farming. This study aimed to find out if perceived environment-economic benefit differed between conventional and sustainable oil palm farmers and to uncover factors affecting the adoption of Indonesia sustainable oil palm production system. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising of 313 conventional smallholder farmers and 167 smallholder farmers implementing Indonesian sustainable palm oil production system. A structured-questionnaire used to gather data. Descriptive statistics and logic regressions were utilized to analyse the data. The results show that the perceived environment and economic benefit is higher for farmers adopting sustainable palm oil production than conventional farmers. Several factors which were the age of farmer, formal and non-formal education, income, total land managed, the involvement of farmer in a cooperative, and environmental management did not motivate farmers to adopt Indonesian sustainable palm oil production system. While the experience of the farmers, family size, main job, involvement in farmer's association, doing good cultivation practice, and plantation management influenced the adoption of Indonesian sustainable palm oil production.

Agro-tourism is an agriculture-based business that is open to the public. Developing agro-tourism based on regional advantages is a promising prospect for improving a region’s economy. By synergizing all available resources and empowering the community to manage agro-tourism, the economy in Taba Penanjung district can be improved. This study aimed to determine the strategy for developing integrated commodity-based agro-tourism in Taba Penanjung district, Central Bengkulu Regency. The research was conducted in Taba Penanjung district, considering that this area has strategic agricultural and agro-tourism potential in Bengkulu Province. The respondents in this study were 20 community leaders, village officials, agro-tourism managers, and youth members of youth organizations. This study uses SWOT analysis to create a development strategy. The results of this study are: 1) The results of the IFAS calculation get a total weight value of 2.852, and the EFAS calculation gets a total weight value of 2.576 2) In the IE matrix, the agro-tourism area in Taba Penanjung district is in quadrant V which means this agro-tourism area is in medium position with a strategy that can be implemented, namely to hold and maintain because Taba Penanjung district have good internal strength and external opportunities.

The palm oil industry plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy. This industry can support sustainable development, since it is based on renewable natural resources. The contribution to sustainable development is hampered if the oil palm production system, especially of smallholder farmers, is not sustainable. Since almost half of the oil palm plantations in Indonesia are run by smallholder farmers, the sustainability of the oil palm farming of smallholder farmers may significantly influence the overall sustainability. The adoption of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil production system by smallholder farmers may improve the sustainability of oil palm farming in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the adoption of the Indonesian Sustainable Oil Palm production system by smallholder farmers. Overall, respondents were 313 conventional smallholder farmers and 167 smallholder farmers implementing the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil production system. A structured-questionnaire was used to gather the data, while a data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling. The results reveal that the intention to directly adopt the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil production system influenced the adoption of Indonesian sustainable palm oil production. At the same time, the intention to adopt it was influenced by the perceived control behavior, perceived environment, and economic benefit. The influence of the perceived environmental benefit of the intention to adopt Indonesian sustainable palm oil was higher than that of the perceived economic benefit. The social-economic conditions of the farmers influenced the perceived environment and economic benefit.

Indonesian oil palm faces multifaceted challenges, particularly in productivity. Many land areas are grown by smallholding farmers, and most are over-age plants. On the other side, this commodity has a potential global trade value. To overcome this problem, the Indonesian government launched the replanting program in 2017. However, the farmers remain unwilling to participate in the program. This research explores the knowledge level of smallholding plantation farmers and their readiness to participate in the oil palm replanting program. This research is conducted in Mukomuko Regency, Bengkulu Province. 66 smallholder oil palm farmers were collected as research samples and taken using a purposive sampling technique, namely farmers who have not participated in the replanting program. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results show that two main reasons successfully found in this study are (1) a low level of knowledge about the replanting program and the low level of farmer readiness due to limited resource ownership. The absence of alternative sources of income other than oil palm farming, limited land ownership (only one plot), and the fear of losing their primary source of income caused farmers not to participate in the oil palm replanting program. The replanting program is expected to increase oil palm productivity, improve farmers’ welfare, and contribute positively to reducing deforestation and preserving the environment. Therefore, to increase the adoption of and trust in this program, the government needs to redesign the socialization approach, such as direct socialization to the farmers, not only by inviting the representatives of the farmers’ group.

Fisheries management is conducted to attain sustainable productivity of aquatic resources, with a focus on enhancing the welfare of fishermen. The welfare of fishermen is influenced by a multitude of variables and indicators, constituting a complex interplay. Therefore, this study is significant in formulating a model for mud crab fisheries management, particularly in augmenting the welfare of fishermen residing in remote island regions. This model integrated variables, incorporating both ordinal and interval data, to include factors with direct and indirect impacts on welfare dynamics. Enggano Island is situated in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, and classified as one of the outlying small islands. A sample of 42 respondents, constituting 84% of the total population, was used in this study. The analytical framework employed for data interpretation was structural equation modeling - partial least squares (SEM-PLS), including 21 latent and 70 observable variables. The welfare of mud crab fishermen was enhanced by improving food security and reducing poverty. Therefore, a comprehensive mud crab fisheries management model was implemented to improve the welfare of fishermen on the small outermost island, consisting of 14 latent variables and 21 indicators with a coefficient of 86.6%.

This study aims to analyze and compare among forecasting techniques for selecting the best to predict the volatility of coffee commodity prices. This study uses secondary data at two diffferent markets, world and domestic markets. Three forecating techniques apply in this research, namely, MA, ARIMA and Decomposition The most appropriate model to forecast world and domestic coffee prices are the ARIMA model. This conclusion is based on the lowest MAPE, MAD and MSD values.

The increasing of fisher job satisfaction and loyalty is essential factor in fisheries development in Bengkulu, Indonesia. High risk because of climate change badly needs good fishing management and properly government intervention. The purpose of this paper is to determine the key factors of government policy of sustainable livelihood, on which government should focus. An Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) has been employed to the model the implementation factors of enhancing fishers job satisfaction and loyalty as an important prerequisite in sustainable development. There are two essential goal that have high driving force and independent namely: (1) An increasing of the fisher income and (2) the sustainability of fishing business. Then, political Support for Policy Making and Improved fishermen’s economic performance are two element needs must be focus by government of Indonesia in increasing fisher job satisfaction and loyalty. The handicap to do so are a partnership that benefits to all parties and the low quality of fisheries human resources. Finally, there are two government institutions that have essential role are central and provincial government.

Background In 2016 the United Nation Relief and Work Agency for Palestine refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) commissioned a survey on oral health among 12-year-old students at UNRWA schools in five fields of operation (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza Strip and West Bank), following World Health Organization guidelines. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases among Palestine students attending UNRWA schools and how this has changed over time. Methods A two-stage stratified cluster sample design was used. For each Field of operation, the sample size was calculated based on 95% confidence level, 80% power and margin of error of 4%. Clinical examination was carried out by trained Field Oral Health services Officers (FOHSOs) from the 5 fields. Teeth presence and condition, gingival bleeding and calculus and the presence of dental sealants in occlusal surfaces of permanent molars were recorded. Behavior information of students/parents were collected using a questionnaire that was self-completed by the child/parent under supervision. Results were compared with those from a previous survey carried out in 2011 with the same methodology. Results In the two surveys the distributions of students who had caries experience in their permanent teeth were similar (73.1% in 2011 vs 72.8% in 2016, p  = 0.83). In 2016 a significant increase of missing teeth ( p  < 0.01) and sealants ( p  < 0.01) was observed. Both surveys have identified behavioral determinants for dental caries, particularly dietary habits such as soft drinks consumption. Gingival health also showed statistical differences among the fields. Conclusions The prevalence of caries experience was very high in all fields and, with regard to main oral health indices, no trend of improvement was observed through 2011 and 2016. Surveys’ results advocates the need of a large-scale integrated preventive approach toward oral health and the emerging growth of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), in line with the WHO recommendations.