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In this research, the doping effects of ZrO 2 and MnO 2 on La 1- x Zr x Co 1−y Mn y O 3 cathode were investigated in terms of physical, mechanical and electrical properties. The amount of ZrO 2 was varied by 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt% for different compositions of the composites and MnO 2 was varied accordingly. The composite cathode is prepared to enhance the structural and functional properties of La 1- x Zr x Co 1−y Mn y O 3 composites by varying ZrO 2 doping levels, optimizing their suitability for high-performance applications through detailed material characterization in powder and pellet form, followed by calcination at 1000°C and sintering at 1200°C. The final sintered composites were then examined by SEM-EDX, XRD, and AFM. Investigations were also conducted on density, porosity, compressive strength, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), electronic conductivity, and diametral tensile strength (DTS). SEM and EDX shows both imaging and chemical analysis of the composites which indicates the results of reactions during sintering. XRD indicates that significant structural change had been taken place with the addition of ZrO 2 . These defects in perovskite structure will increase the ionic and electronic conductivity of the composites. The highest value of DTS, compressive strength was obtained for 15LZCM sample and lowest value of DTS, and compressive strength was observed for the 5LZCM sample. Some properties like microhardness, thermal expansion, and electrical conductivity were also determined. XRD analysis shows ZrO 2 doping caused transformation of the perovskite structure and the leading crystal system was monoclinic (P 1 21/c1). SEM shows the porous microstructure of the perovskite oxide. AFM reveals the addition of the ZrO 2 decreasing roughness; the rms roughness of 5LZCM was 61.46 nm but the rms roughness was 37.12 nm for 15LZCM.

In this article, we consider the exact solutions to the simplified modified Camassa-Holm (SMCH) equation which has many potential applications in mathematical physics and engineering sciences. We examine the exact travelling wave solutions by means of the modified simple equation (MSE) method by making use of travelling transformation. The attained solutions are in the form of trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. We demonstrate that the method is more general, straightforward and powerful and can be used to examine more general travelling wave solutions of various kinds of fractional nonlinear differential equations arising in mathematical physics and better than other method. Finally, we show the graphical representation and discuss the physical significance of the obtained solutions for its definite values of the involved parameters through depicting 3D and 2D figures in order to know the physical phenomena.

We have investigated the mechanical properties of porous La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF) under uniaxial compression. Porous LSCF samples containing polymethyl methacrylate pore former with different diameters (0.4, 1.5 and 10 µm) were examined. The porosity increases with the increase in pore former content, and it also slightly increases with the increase in pore former size. The average pore size is constant for the same size pore former regardless of the porosity, and it is smaller than the original pore former diameter. X-ray diffraction confirms that all the samples have a rhombohedral crystal structure. The samples contain ferroelastic domains and exhibit clear mechanical behavior related to the ferroelasticity under uniaxial compression. The initial modulus, critical stress and compressive fracture strength of the porous sample decrease with the increase in porosity and pore size, where the dependence on the pore size is most clear for the fracture strength. An empirical equation to estimate the fracture strength of porous LSCF is proposed.

Dengue, a mosquito-borne disease predominantly found in tropical and subtropical countries like Bangladesh. The Aedes species particularly Aedes aegypti carry and transmit the dengue virus thus causing dengue fever irrespective of age, gender, race or religion. Limited studies on dengue in low endemic zone of Bangladesh are available. This study attempted to investigate factors influencing dengue among suspected patients with dengue in a tertiary level hospital at Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 suspected patients with dengue admitted to Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from June 2023 to December 2023. A face to face interview was performed and there were no ignored cases in this study. Dengue infection was confirmed by a positive result of NS1 dengue antigen test if the blood sample taken within 7 days of the onset of fever, and IgM antibody test if the blood sample taken after 7th day of symptoms. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression model were used to determine the influencing factors of dengue using SPSS software (IBM version 25). Most of the suspected patients came from urban environment (64.3%). The prevalence of dengue among suspected patients with dengue admitted at hospital was 74.3%, among them 45.9% and 28.3% were confirmed as dengue fever by NS1 antigen and IgM test respectively. Logistic regression model demonstrated that female had more likely to get dengue than male [aOR = 2.08, CI:1.09-3.93; p < 0.05]. Similarly, patients came from urban environment [aOR = 5.99, CI:3.09-11.64; p < 0.01], travel history to Dhaka in last two weeks preceding the survey [aOR = 11.21, CI:5.30-23.72; p < 0.01], participants did not use mosquito net during sleeping at day time [aOR = 2.74, CI:1.41-5.55; p < 0.01] and presence of water containers around the house [aOR = 12.00, CI: 5.69-25.29; p < 0.01] had higher chance to get dengue compared to their counterparts. More than 25% suspected patients were not identified as dengue patients. Some factors were identified as risk for dengue. A safe working and living environment, self and community awareness and planned urbanization can help to prevent breeding of mosquito larvae that transmit dengue virus thus causing dengue.

Metal hydrides such as MgH2 and NaBH4 are among the materials for with the highest potential solid-state hydrogen storage. However, unlike gas and liquid storage, a dehydrogenation process has to be done prior to hydrogen utilization. In this context, the hydrolysis method is one of the possible methods to extract or generate hydrogen from the materials. However, problems like the MgH2 passivation layer, high cost and sluggish self-hydrolysis of NaBH4 are the known limiting factors for this process, but they can be overcome with the help of catalysts. In this works, selected studies have been reviewed on the performance of catalysts like chloride, oxide, fluoride, platinum, ruthenium, cobalt and nickel-based on the MgH2 and NaBH4 system. These studies show a significant enhancement in the amount of hydrogen released as compared to the hydrolysis of the pure MgH2 and NaBH4. Therefore, the addition of catalysts is proven as one of the options in improving hydrogen generation via the hydrolysis of MgH2 and NaBH4.

As a part of our ongoing search for bioactive constituents of Artemisia capillaris, we isolated 4-O-caffeoyl-2-C-methyl-d-threonic acid (PPT-14). This is a rare caffeic acid ester derivative that is reported here for the first time in the Artemisia species, which is the third occurrence in any plant species worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of PPT-14 using in vitro and in silico approaches. PPT-14 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against two crucial enzymes linked to diabetes progression and complications: protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AR). These had IC50 values of 64.92 and 19.50 µM, respectively. Additionally, PPT-14 exhibited free radical scavenging activity with 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (IC50 14.46 µM). Molecular docking and 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that there were stable binding interactions with the key residues of PTP1B and AR, highlighting strong affinity and dynamic stability. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed favorable water solubility, adherence to Lipinski’s Rule of Five, and minimal interactions with cytochrome P450 enzymes, indicating the drug-like potential of PPT-14. Toxicity studies confirmed its safety profile, showing no genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or significant toxicity risks, with an acceptable oral LD50 value of 2.984 mol/kg. These findings suggest that PPT-14 could be a promising multitarget lead compound for ameliorating diabetes and its associated complications.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Although widespread successful synthetic drugs are available, natural compounds can also be considered as significant anticancer agents for treating BC. Some natural compounds have similar effects as synthetic drugs with fewer side effects on normal cells. Therefore, we aimed to unravel and analyze several molecular mechanisms of genistein (GNT) against BC. GNT is a type of dietary phytoestrogen included in the flavonoid group with a similar structure to estrogen that might provide a strong alternative and complementary medicine to existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Previous research reported that GNT could target the estrogen receptor (ER) human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and several signaling molecules against multiple BC cell lines and sensitize cancer cell lines to this compound when used at an optimal inhibitory concentration. More specifically, GNT mediates the anticancer mechanism through apoptosis induction, arresting the cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis, mammosphere formation, and targeting and suppressing tumor growth factors. Furthermore, it acts via upregulating tumor suppressor genes and downregulating oncogenes in vitro and animal model studies. In addition, this phytochemical synergistically reverses the resistance mechanism of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, increasing their efficacy against BC. Overall, in this review, we discuss several molecular interactions of GNT with numerous cellular targets in the BC model and show its anticancer activities alone and synergistically. We conclude that GNT can have favorable therapeutic advantages when standard drugs are not available in the pharma markets.

The use of dietary phytochemical rather than conventional therapies to treat numerous cancers is now a well-known approach in medical science. Easily available and less toxic dietary phytochemicals present in plants should be introduced in the list of phytochemical-based treatment areas. Sesamin, a natural phytochemical, may be a promising chemopreventive agent aiming to manage breast cancer. In this study, we discussed the pharmacological properties of sesamin that determine its therapeutics opportunity to be used in breast cancer treatment and other diseases. Sesamin is available in medicinal plants, especially in Sesamum indicum, and is easily metabolized by the liver. To better understand the antibreast cancer consequence of sesamin, we postulate some putative pathways related to the antibreast cancer mechanism: (1) regulation of estrogen receptor (ER-α and ER-β) activities, (2) suppressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression, (3) growth factor receptor inhibition, and (4) some tyrosine kinase pathways. Targeting these pathways, sesamin can modulate cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell growth and viability, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oncogene inactivation in various in vitro and animal models. Although the actual tumor intrinsic signaling mechanism targeted by sesamin in cancer treatment is still unknown, this review summarized that this phytoestrogen suppressed NF-κB, STAT, MAPK, and PIK/AKT signaling pathways and activated some tumor suppressor protein in numerous breast cancer models. Cotreatment with γ-tocotrienol, conventional drugs, and several drug carriers systems increased the anticancer potentiality of sesamin. Furthermore, sesamin exhibited promising pharmacokinetics properties with less toxicity in the bodies. Overall, the shreds of evidence highlight that sesamin can be a potent candidate to design drugs against breast cancer. So, like other phytochemicals, sesamin can be consumed for better therapeutic advantages due to having the ability to target a plethora of molecular pathways until clinically trialed standard drugs are not available in pharma markets.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that affects domestic and wild animals, causing severe illness with high mortality rates. Rapid monitoring and sequencing can provide valuable information about circulating CDV strains, which may foster effective vaccination strategies and the successful integration of these into conservation programs. During two site visits in Bangladesh in 2023, we tested a mobile, deployable genomic surveillance setup to explore the genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns of locally circulating CDV strains. We collected and analysed 355 oral swab samples from stray dogs in Rajshahi and Chattogram cities, Bangladesh. CDV-specific real-time RT-PCR was performed to screen the samples. Out of the 355 samples, 7.4% (10/135) from Rajshahi city and 0.9% (2/220) from Chattogram city tested positive for CDV. We applied a real-time RT-PCR assay and a pan-genotype CDV-specific amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing technology to obtain the near-completes. Five near-complete genome sequences were generated, with phylogenetic relation to the India-1/Asia-5 lineage previously identified in India. This is the first study to provide genomic data on CDV in Bangladesh and the first demonstration of a mobile laboratory setup as a powerful tool in rapid genomic surveillance and risk assessment for CDV in low resource regions.

Reasonable use of agricultural machinery has an extraordinary potential for poverty alleviation by increasing land and labor productivity in Thailand, Vietnam, and even in Bangladesh. This study was conducted under a program entitled “Agriculture Mechanization, Agro-Processing, Value addition and Export Market Development in Thailand and Vietnam from 1–14 November, 20I9” from the Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh. In all three distinct nations, farming activities represent a significant area of activity and remains the biggest wellspring of agricultural business. About 10.5% of Thailand’s, 21.5% of Vietnam’s, and 14.23% of Bangladesh’s GDP come from agriculture. For sustainable development, it is essential to modernize agriculture through the mechanization of its operations, which is therefore inevitable in the studied countries. Thailand’s government started mechanization in 1891 with the import of steam-powered tractor and rotary hoes. Since then the country has witnessed several milestones in the course of mechanization development. The focal plain agro-ecological zone of the state is the maximum and almost fully modernized area. As of now, there are two methods of practicing farming apparatus use: as a proprietor and/or through custom renting provision which coincides with Vietnam and Bangladesh. Historically, mechanization patterns in Vietnam can been described by tillage machinery with associated implement equipment use preceding 1975. This was non-linear, followed by a decreasing trend during the 80s prior to recovery during the 90s, with significant disparities in implementation status across the areas. In 2018, the number of tillage implements and harvesters was boosted about 1.6 and 25.6 times, respectively compared with 2006. The percentage of machinery use in soil tillage operation is 80% of the whole territory of cultivable land in Vietnam, compared to about 90% in Bangladesh and 100% in Thailand. Mechanization in Bangladesh started before independence with the importation of 2-wheel tractors and irrigation pumps in the last part of the 1960s as part of ‘Green Revolution’ activities. To continue this momentum, the Bangladesh Government permitted the continuation of agricultural machinery importation after later autonomy. Machinery use in different agricultural activities has increased in recent years in the areas of irrigation, land preparation, intercultural operation, and threshing. Though its degree of advancement is by and large still quite low contrasted with other South Asian nations, it is noticeable that the most recent two decades, the pace of mechanization has increased rapidly with the increase of mechanical power use in farm activities. The use of farm machinery in rice cultivation has been the most amazing when contrasted with different crops in these three nations. A clear comparison has been given in the paper, which aims to help researchers and policymakers take necessary measures.