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The frog prince, continued
After the frog turns into a prince, he and the princess do not live happily ever after and the prince decides to look for a witch to help him remedy the situation.
Book
Evolution of haematology 1996 - 2021
When I was asked to contribute this article describing how haematology has changed over the last 25 years (1996 - 2021), I realised that the timeframe fitted in nicely with the second part of my career as a haematology laboratory scientist. Prior to 1996, laboratories in New Zealand were either community laboratories who performed laboratory testing and received payment for the service on a fee per test basis set out in a schedule of allowable tests; or hospital laboratories that were owned and directly funded by the government. The community laboratories that had been traditionally owned by pathologists were being acquired by national or international companies. In the early 1990s, SGS (a Swiss global certification company) acquired Medical Diagnostics, the laboratory I was employed by. Medical Diagnostics had new management who viewed change as an opportunity and used innovation as a tool to chart their course through the challenging times to come. The following description of the last 25 years is as seen through my eyes, but I am sure that there will be many events, circumstances and technologies that will be familiar to most readers.
Journal Article
Goyangi means cat
An understanding cat helps a young Korean girl adjust to her new home in America.
Book
Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease that ranks among the most important water-based diseases of humans in developing countries. Increased prevalence and spread of human schistosomiasis to non-endemic areas has been consistently linked with water resource management related to agricultural expansion. However, the role of agrochemical pollution in human schistosome transmission remains unexplored, despite strong evidence of agrochemicals increasing snail-borne diseases of wildlife and a projected 2- to 5-fold increase in global agrochemical use by 2050. Using a field mesocosm experiment, we show that environmentally relevant concentrations of fertilizer, a herbicide, and an insecticide, individually and as mixtures, increase densities of schistosome-infected snails by increasing the algae snails eat and decreasing densities of snail predators. Epidemiological models indicate that these agrochemical effects can increase transmission of schistosomes. Identifying agricultural practices or agrochemicals that minimize disease risk will be critical to meeting growing food demands while improving human wellbeing.
Agrochemicals can affect the life cycle of human parasites in unexpected ways. Here, Halstead et al. show in mesocosm experiments that agrochemicals increase the density of snails hosting schistosome parasites, and modeling analysis suggests this could lead to increased risk of human schistosomiasis.
Journal Article
Silver seeds : a book of nature poems
Poems about the natural world that give young readers new ways to look at the natural world.
Book
Predicting accrual success for better clinical trial resource allocation
Accrual success is one key determining factor for the success of clinical trials. Global data analyses of all terminated trials reported that 55% of trials were terminated due to low accrual rates. Failure to meet accrual goals have a significant impact on costs for sponsors, academic institutions, investigators, and society at large. The ability to predict trial accrual success with high precision before the trial starts would be highly valuable, preventing the allocation of critical resources for trials unlikely to meet accrual goals. In the present study, we constructed a dataset for predicting clinical trial failure based on poor accrual using clinicaltrial.gov data containing information on 57,846 trials. Features of the dataset were informed by prior literature and constructed using data-driven natural language processing methods. We built predictive models for accrual failure using state-of-the-art supervised machine learning protocols and methods. Models resulted in good predictive performance that was stable over a 10-year time period, with predictive performance of cross-validation AUC = 0.744 (+/-0.018) and prospective validation AUC = 0.737 (+/-0.038). We also improved model calibration and examined model performance with the reject option. These modifications enable model translation into decision support tools for various real-world settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop models for predicting clinical trial failure due to accrual based on a large dataset with a comprehensive set of trial features.
Journal Article
My many colored days
This rhyming story describes each day in terms of a particular color which in turn is associated with specific emotions.
Book
An Updated Review of Interventions that Include Promotion of Physical Activity for Adult Men
The marked disparity in life expectancy between men and women suggests men are a vulnerable group requiring targeted health promotion programs. As such, there is an increasing need for health promotion strategies that effectively engage men with their health and/or illness management. Programs that promote physical activity could significantly improve the health of men. Although George et al. (Sports Med 42(3):281,
30
) reviewed physical activity programs involving adult males published between 1990 and 2010, developments in men’s health have prompted the emergence of new sex- and gender-specific approaches targeting men. The purpose of this review was to: (1) extend and update the review undertaken by George et al. (Sports Med 42(3):281,
30
) concerning the effectiveness of physical activity programs in males, and (2) evaluate the integration of gender-specific influences in the content, design, and delivery of men’s health promotion programs. A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and the SPORTDiscus databases for articles published between January 2010 and August 2014 was conducted. In total, 35 studies, involving evaluations of 31 programs, were identified. Findings revealed that a variety of techniques and modes of delivery could effectively promote physical activity among men. Though the majority of programs were offered exclusively to men, 12 programs explicitly integrated gender-related influences in male-specific programs in ways that recognized men’s interests and preferences. Innovations in male-only programs that focus on masculine ideals and gender influences to engage men in increasing their physical activity hold potential for informing strategies to promote other areas of men’s health.
Journal Article
The salamander room
A young boy finds a salamander and thinks of the many things he can do to make a perfect home for it.
Book
Early-life exposure to a herbicide has enduring effects on pathogen-induced mortality
Exposure to stressors at formative stages in the development of wildlife and humans can have enduring effects on health. Understanding which, when and how stressors cause enduring health effects is crucial because these stressors might then be avoided or mitigated during formative stages to prevent lasting increases in disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, the impact of early-life exposure to stressors on the ability of hosts to resist and tolerate infections has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we show that early-life, 6-day exposure to the herbicide atrazine (mean ± s.e.: 65.9±3.48 µg l−1) increased frog mortality 46 days after atrazine exposure (post-metamorphosis), but only when frogs were challenged with a chytrid fungus implicated in global amphibian declines. Previous atrazine exposure did not affect resistance of infection (fungal load). Rather, early-life exposure to atrazine altered growth and development, which resulted in exposure to chytrid at more susceptible developmental stages and sizes, and reduced tolerance of infection, elevating mortality risk at an equivalent fungal burden to frogs unexposed to atrazine. Moreover, there was no evidence of recovery from atrazine exposure. Hence, reducing early-life exposure of amphibians to atrazine could reduce lasting increases in the risk of mortality from a disease associated with worldwide amphibian declines. More generally, these findings highlight that a better understanding of how stressors cause enduring effects on disease susceptibility could facilitate disease prevention in wildlife and humans, an approach that is often more cost-effective and efficient than reactive medicine.
Journal Article