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Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts
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Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts
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Journal Article
Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts
2018
Overview
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease that ranks among the most important water-based diseases of humans in developing countries. Increased prevalence and spread of human schistosomiasis to non-endemic areas has been consistently linked with water resource management related to agricultural expansion. However, the role of agrochemical pollution in human schistosome transmission remains unexplored, despite strong evidence of agrochemicals increasing snail-borne diseases of wildlife and a projected 2- to 5-fold increase in global agrochemical use by 2050. Using a field mesocosm experiment, we show that environmentally relevant concentrations of fertilizer, a herbicide, and an insecticide, individually and as mixtures, increase densities of schistosome-infected snails by increasing the algae snails eat and decreasing densities of snail predators. Epidemiological models indicate that these agrochemical effects can increase transmission of schistosomes. Identifying agricultural practices or agrochemicals that minimize disease risk will be critical to meeting growing food demands while improving human wellbeing.
Agrochemicals can affect the life cycle of human parasites in unexpected ways. Here, Halstead et al. show in mesocosm experiments that agrochemicals increase the density of snails hosting schistosome parasites, and modeling analysis suggests this could lead to increased risk of human schistosomiasis.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Agrochemicals - pharmacology
/ Algae
/ Animals
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ LDCs
/ Mollusks
/ Phytoplankton - drug effects
/ Phytoplankton - growth & development
/ Ponds
/ Risk
/ Schistosoma haematobium - drug effects
/ Schistosoma haematobium - growth & development
/ Schistosoma mansoni - drug effects
/ Schistosoma mansoni - growth & development
/ Schistosomiasis - parasitology
/ Schistosomiasis - transmission
/ Schistosomiasis - veterinary
/ Science
/ Snails
/ Wildlife
