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Experiments were conducted to remove NO from simulated flue gas in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor with NaClO2 as wet scrubbing oxidant and diesel exhaust gas as carrier gas. The effects of various operating parameters (rotational speed, solution pH, NaClO2 concentration, liquid-gas ratio, and NO and SO2 concentrations) on NO removal performance were investigated preliminarily. The results showed that with the increase of rotational speed, oxidant concentration, and liquid-gas ratio, NO removal efficiency increased obviously. NO removal efficiency increased largely with the decrease of solution pH, and a complete removal of NO could be attained at pH 4. NO concentration imposed little effect on NO removal efficiency while coexisting SO2 in exhaust gas could enhance NOx removal greatly.

Experiments were conducted to remove NO from simulated flue gas in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor with NaCl[O.sub.2] as wet scrubbing oxidant and diesel exhaust gas as carrier gas. The effects of various operating parameters (rotational speed, solution pH, NaCl[O.sub.2] concentration, liquid-gas ratio, and NO and S[O.sub.2] concentrations) on NO removal performance were investigated preliminarily. The results showed that with the increase of rotational speed, oxidant concentration, and liquid-gas ratio, NO removal efficiency increased obviously. NO removal efficiency increased largely with the decrease of solution pH, and a complete removal of NO could be attained at pH 4. NO concentration imposed little effect on NO removal efficiency while coexisting S[O.sub.2] in exhaust gas could enhance N[O.sub.x] removal greatly.

Experiments were conducted to remove NO from simulated flue gas in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor with NaClO 2 as wet scrubbing oxidant and diesel exhaust gas as carrier gas. The effects of various operating parameters (rotational speed, solution pH, NaClO 2 concentration, liquid-gas ratio, and NO and SO 2 concentrations) on NO removal performance were investigated preliminarily. The results showed that with the increase of rotational speed, oxidant concentration, and liquid-gas ratio, NO removal efficiency increased obviously. NO removal efficiency increased largely with the decrease of solution pH, and a complete removal of NO could be attained at pH 4. NO concentration imposed little effect on NO removal efficiency while coexisting SO 2 in exhaust gas could enhance NO x removal greatly.

The gaseous hormone ethylene plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis in seed plants is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS). ACS proteins are encoded by a multigene family and the expression of ACS genes is highly regulated, especially at a post-translational level. AtACS7, the only type III ACS in Arabidopsis, is degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Here, by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, two lysine residues of AtACS7, lys285 (K285) and lys366 (K366), were revealed to be ubiquitin-modified in young, light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings but not in etiolated seedlings. Deubiquitylation-mimicking mutations of these residues significantly increased the stability of the AtACS7K285RK366R mutant protein in cell-free degradation assays. All results suggest that K285 and K366 are the major ubiquitination sites on AtACS7, providing deeper insights into the post-translational regulation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis.

Time-dependent failure credibility (TDFC) in a given service time of interest can reasonably quantify the safety of the structure with fuzzy inputs. However, the estimation of TDFC requires high computational cost because it involves multi-layer optimization, especially for problems with the implicit performance functions in engineering. In order to improve the efficiency of estimating TDFC under satisfied precision, this paper proposes an efficient dichotomy searching algorithm (DSA) combined with double-loop adaptive Kriging (D-AK) model (shorten as D-AK-DSA). In the proposed D-AK-DSA, a double-loop adaptive Kriging model is constructed to provide the directions for the dichotomy searching TDFC. In the inner loop, the AK model is constructed to surrogate the relation of the performance function and time variable at the given fuzzy input realization so as to obtain the minimum performance function with respect to the time for the outer loop, and in the outer loop, the AK model is constructed to identify the sign of the upper/lower boundary of the minimum performance function with the fuzzy inputs at a given membership interval so as to provide the dichotomy searching direction for TDFC. By the proposed dichotomy searching strategy, accurately solving the values of the upper/lower boundaries in evaluating TDFC is innovatively replaced by identifying the signs of them, which greatly reduces the difficulty of constructing the outer AK model. At the same time, the proposed method enhances the convergence of the outer AK surrogate model by establishing a reasonably improved learning function. Three examples verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed D-AK-DSA method.

Bladder cancer (Bca) remains a major genitourinary malignancy with unmet needs in immunotherapy optimization. Despite advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), challenges persist, including low response rates and drug resistance. Emerging evidence links tumor cell senescence to immunotherapy efficacy, yet predictive biomarkers are lacking. We integrated genomic sequencing of real-world Bca patients receiving low-dose paclitaxel combined with immunotherapy to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between responders and non-responders. By intersecting DEGs with senescence-related gene sets (SRGs), we derived senescence-related DEGs (SRDEGs) and constructed a senescence-immunotherapy model (SIM) via TCGA-based multi-regression analysis. The SIM, validated across three independent cohorts, demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy for overall survival (OS) compared to clinical parameters. High SIM scores correlated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Drug sensitivity analysis revealed differential responses to cisplatin and paclitaxel between SIM subgroups. Critically, real-world validation confirmed SIM's predictive power for immunotherapy response. Multi-omics profiling further highlighted PPIL3 as a hub gene driving senescence and suppressing proliferation. experiments showed elevated expression of PPIL3 facilitated the concentration of senescence markers (SA-β-gal) and inhabited tumor cell proliferation. This study establishes SIM as a dual-purpose tool for survival prediction and immunotherapy stratification, and suggested that PPIL3 could be a therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of Bca by regulating senescence.

Large bone defects are a major global health concern. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the most promising alternative to avoid the drawbacks of autograft and allograft bone. Nevertheless, how to precisely control stem cell osteogenic differentiation has been a long-standing puzzle. Compared with biochemical cues, physicomechanical stimuli have been widely studied for their biosafety and stability. The mechanical properties of various biomaterials (polymers, bioceramics, metal and alloys) become the main source of physicomechanical stimuli. By altering the stiffness, viscoelasticity, and topography of materials, mechanical stimuli with different strengths transmit into precise signals that mediate osteogenic differentiation. In addition, externally mechanical forces also play a critical role in promoting osteogenesis, such as compression stress, tensile stress, fluid shear stress and vibration, etc. When exposed to mechanical forces, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteogenic lineages by sensing mechanical stimuli through mechanical sensors, including integrin and focal adhesions (FAs), cytoskeleton, primary cilium, ions channels, gap junction, and activating osteogenic-related mechanotransduction pathways, such as yes associated proteins (YAP)/TAZ, MAPK, Rho-GTPases, Wnt/β-catenin, TGFβ superfamily, Notch signaling. This review summarizes various biomaterials that transmit mechanical signals, physicomechanical stimuli that directly regulate MSCs differentiation, and the mechanical transduction mechanisms of MSCs. This review provides a deep and broad understanding of mechanical transduction mechanisms and discusses the challenges that remained in clinical translocation as well as the outlook for the future improvements.

Bridge foundation settlement monitoring is crucial for infrastructure safety management, as uneven settlement can lead to stress redistribution, structural damage, and potentially catastrophic collapse. While traditional contact sensors provide reliable measurements, their deployment is labor-intensive and costly, especially for long-span bridges. Current remote sensing methods have not been thoroughly evaluated for their capability to detect and analyze complex foundation settlement patterns in challenging environments with multiple influencing factors. Here, we applied Small Baseline Subsets Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) technology to monitor foundation settlement of a long-span bridge. Our analysis revealed distinct deformation patterns: uplift in the north bank approach bridge foundation and the left-side main bridge foundation (maximum rate: 36.97 mm/year), concurrent with subsidence in the right-side main bridge foundation and south bank approach bridge foundation (maximum rate: 35.59 mm/year). We then investigated the relationship between these settlement patterns and various environmental factors, including geological conditions, Sediment Transport Index (STI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), precipitation, and temperature. The observed settlement patterns were attributed to the combined effects of stratigraphic heterogeneity, dynamic hydrological conditions, and seasonal climate variations. These findings demonstrate that SBAS-InSAR technology can effectively capture complex bridge foundation deformation processes, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional monitoring methods. This advancement in bridge monitoring technology could enable more widespread and frequent assessment of bridge foundation stability, ultimately improving infrastructure safety management.

Most of the existing methods for estimating time-dependent failure credibility (TDFC) are based on optimization algorithms, which may result in a heavy burden on the computational cost and accuracy issue related to the local optimization. In order to achieve the best compromise between computational accuracy and cost, an efficient method is proposed in this work by embedding a single-loop adaptive Kriging model (S-AK) into the dichotomy searching algorithm (S-AK-DSA). The proposed S-AK-DSA can be regarded as a double-loop procedure. In the inner loop, the Kriging model of the real time-dependent performance function (TD-PF) is updated iteratively to accurately predict the signs of the upper/lower boundary of the TD-PF minimum with respect to the time variable at the given membership level. Based on the inner loop, the outer loop searches TDFC by continuously dichotomizing the searching interval of the TDFC. The advantages of S-AK-DSA are mainly manifested in two aspects. Firstly, S-AK-DSA converts the problem of optimizing the exact value of the upper/lower boundary into the problem of accurately identifying their signs, which can avoid the use of optimization algorithms. Secondly, at different membership levels, the S-AK-DSA method chooses the candidate sample pool and continuously updates the current Kriging model of TD-PF, and the adaptive learning function as well as appropriate stopping criterion can effectively reduce the cost of predicting the signs of the upper/lower boundary and improve the computational accuracy. Four case studies are introduced to demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed S-AK-DSA approach.

The gaseous hormone ethylene plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. The rate-limiting enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis in seed plants is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS). ACS proteins are encoded by a multigene family and the expression of ACS genes is highly regulated, especially at a post-translational level. AtACS7, the only type III ACS in Arabidopsis, is degraded in a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Here, by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, two lysine residues of AtACS7, lys285 (K285) and lys366 (K366), were revealed to be ubiquitin-modified in young, light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings but not in etiolated seedlings. Deubiquitylation-mimicking mutations of these residues significantly increased the stability of the AtACS7[sup.K285RK366R] mutant protein in cell-free degradation assays. All results suggest that K285 and K366 are the major ubiquitination sites on AtACS7, providing deeper insights into the post-translational regulation of AtACS7 in Arabidopsis.