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"Kelly, Paul"
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Depression and physical multimorbidity: A cohort study of physical health condition accrual in UK Biobank
Depression is associated with a range of adverse physical health outcomes. We aimed to quantify the association between depression and the subsequent rate of accrual of long-term physical health conditions in middle and older age.
We included 172,556 participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort study, aged 40-71 years old at baseline assessment (2006-2010), who had linked primary care data available. Using self-report, primary care, hospital admission, cancer registry, and death records, we ascertained 69 long-term physical health conditions at both UKB baseline assessment and during a mean follow-up of 6.9 years. We used quasi-Poisson models to estimate associations between history of depression at baseline and subsequent rate of physical condition accrual. Within our cohort, 30,770 (17.8%) had a history of depression. Compared to those without depression, participants with depression had more physical conditions at baseline (mean 2.9 [SD 2.3] versus 2.1 [SD 1.9]) and accrued additional physical conditions at a faster rate (mean 0.20 versus 0.16 additional conditions/year during follow-up). After adjustment for age and sex, participants with depression accrued physical morbidities at a faster rate than those without depression (RR 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.31, 1.34]). After adjustment for all sociodemographic characteristics, the rate of condition accrual remained higher in those with versus without depression (RR 1.30, 95% CI [1.28, 1.32]). This association attenuated but remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for baseline condition count and social/lifestyle factors (RR 1.10, 95% CI [1.09, 1.12]). The main limitation of this study is healthy volunteer selection bias, which may limit generalisability of findings to the wider population.
Middle-aged and older adults with a history of depression have more long-term physical health conditions at baseline and accrue additional physical conditions at a faster rate than those without a history of depression. Our findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches to managing both mental and physical health outcomes.
Journal Article
In the butterfly garden
This pop-up book traces a caterpillar's evolution from lowly cocoon to magnificent winged butterfly. Along the way we find cunning insects hidden in the grass, inchworms munching their way through a jungle of leaves, and a floral paradise where the newly hatched butterfly makes its home.
Book
Correction: Depression and physical multimorbidity: A cohort study of physical health condition accrual in UK Biobank
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004532.].
Journal Article
Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium
On the eve of the 2012 summer Olympic Games, the first Lancet Series on physical activity established that physical inactivity was a global pandemic, and global public health action was urgently needed. The present paper summarises progress on the topics covered in the first Series. In the past 4 years, more countries have been monitoring the prevalence of physical inactivity, although evidence of any improvements in prevalence is still scarce. According to emerging evidence on brain health, physical inactivity accounts for about 3·8% of cases of dementia worldwide. An increase in research on the correlates of physical activity in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is providing a better evidence base for development of context-relevant interventions. A finding specific to LMICs was that physical inactivity was higher in urban (vs rural) residents, which is a cause for concern because of the global trends toward urbanisation. A small but increasing number of intervention studies from LMICs provide initial evidence that community-based interventions can be effective. Although about 80% of countries reported having national physical activity policies or plans, such policies were operational in only about 56% of countries. There are important barriers to policy implementation that must be overcome before progress in increasing physical activity can be expected. Despite signs of progress, efforts to improve physical activity surveillance, research, capacity for intervention, and policy implementation are needed, especially among LMICs.
Journal Article
Wonders of nature : explorations in the world of birds, insects and fish
A stunningly illustrated treasury of animals, this book will entrance and delight young children interested in the world of nature. Bright-eyed birds, evanescent butterflies, tropical fish and other pleasures await the readers of this large format book that will appeal to young children's curiosity about the natural world. Reminiscent of the watercolors of Ernst Haeckel, John James Audubon, and Maria Sibylla Merian, these charming and expertly rendered pictures of birds, insects, and fish will provide hours of exploration. Presented in double-page spreads, interspersed with informative texts, Guiraud's illustrations capture the wondrous beauty that populates our oceans, forests, and fields. Her expressive illustrations create a sense of intimacy and empathy with the natural world and their exquisite detail rewards close investigation. Certain to captivate both children and adults, this magnificent book will instill in its readers a connection to the world around them and ignite a sense of wonder about all living things.
Book
Inversion of Spin Signal and Spin Filtering in Ferromagnet|Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures
Two dimensional atomically thin crystals of graphene and its insulating isomorph hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) are promising materials for spintronic applications. While graphene is an ideal medium for long distance spin transport, h-BN is an insulating tunnel barrier that has potential for efficient spin polarized tunneling from ferromagnets. Here, we demonstrate the spin filtering effect in cobalt|few layer h-BN|graphene junctions leading to a large negative spin polarization in graphene at room temperature. Through nonlocal pure spin transport and Hanle precession measurements performed on devices with different interface barrier conditions, we associate the negative spin polarization with high resistance few layer h-BN|ferromagnet contacts. Detailed bias and gate dependent measurements reinforce the robustness of the effect in our devices. These spintronic effects in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures hold promise for future spin based logic and memory applications.
Journal Article
Value-ology : aligning sales and marketing to shape and deliver profitable customer value propositions
This book offers both marketing and sales professionals a rare combined insight into both worlds to continuously capture customer intelligence and create value, by blending detailed research with academic rigor and commercial experience of the authors in both Europe and North America. By integrating the best ideas and practice from commercial experience and academic research the authors show how to create value across the entire marketing and sales value chain -- not only get a new customer, but to continue to create value for future purchases by creating \"post-sales\" value.
Book
High-frame rate homography and visual odometry by tracking binary features from the focal plane
Robotics faces a long-standing obstacle in which the speed of the vision system’s scene understanding is insufficient, impeding the robot’s ability to perform agile tasks. Consequently, robots must often rely on interpolation and extrapolation of the vision data to accomplish tasks in a timely and effective manner. One of the primary reasons for these delays is the analog-to-digital conversion that occurs on a per-pixel basis across the image sensor, along with the transfer of pixel-intensity information to the host device. This results in significant delays and power consumption in modern visual processing pipelines. The SCAMP-5—a general-purpose Focal-plane Sensor-processor array (FPSP)—used in this research performs computations in the analog domain prior to analog-to-digital conversion. By extracting features from the image on the focal plane, the amount of data that needs to be digitised and transferred is reduced. This allows for a high frame rate and low energy consumption for the SCAMP-5. The focus of our work is on localising the camera within the scene, which is crucial for scene understanding and for any downstream robotics tasks. We present a localisation system that utilise the FPSP in two parts. First, a 6-DoF odometry system is introduced, which efficiently estimates its position against a known marker at over 400 FPS. Second, our work is extended to implement BIT-VO—6-DoF visual odometry system which operates under an unknown natural environment at 300 FPS.
Journal Article