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High magnetic fields suppress cuprate superconductivity to reveal an unusual density wave (DW) state coexisting with unexplained quantum oscillations. Although routinely labeled a charge density wave (CDW), this DW state could actually be an electron-pair density wave (PDW). To search for evidence of a field-induced PDW, we visualized modulations in the density of electronic states N(r) within the halo surrounding Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈ vortex cores. We detected numerous phenomena predicted for a field-induced PDW, including two sets of particle-hole symmetric N(r) modulations with wave vectors QP and 2QP , with the latter decaying twice as rapidly from the core as the former. These data imply that the primary field-induced state in underdoped superconducting cuprates is a PDW, with approximately eight CuO₂ unit-cell periodicity and coexisting with its secondary CDWs.

The existence of electronic symmetry breaking in the underdoped cuprates and its disappearance with increased hole density p are now widely reported. However, the relation between this transition and the momentum-space ($\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{k}}$-space) electronic structure underpinning the superconductivity has not yet been established. Here, we visualize the $\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{Q}}=0$ = 0 (intra–unit-cell) and $\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{Q}}\\ne 0$ (density-wave) broken-symmetry states, simultaneously with the coherent $\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{k}}$-space topology, for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ samples spanning the phase diagram 0.06 ≤ p ≤ 0.23. We show that the electronic symmetry-breaking tendencies weaken with increasing p and disappear close to a critical doping pc = 0.19. Concomitantly, the coherent $\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{k}}$-space topology undergoes an abrupt transition, from arcs to closed contours, at the same pc. These data reveal that the $\\overrightarrow{\\mathrm{k}}$-space topology transformation in cuprates is linked intimately with the disappearance of the electronic symmetry breaking at a concealed critical point.

Background: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to be associated with response to primary systemic therapy (PST) in breast cancer. This study was conducted to assess the association of TIL subsets with pathological complete response (pCR) after PST in breast cancer in relation to breast cancer subtype, breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotype and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: The pre-chemotherapeutic biopsy specimens of 153 breast cancer patients who underwent surgical resection after anthracycline- or anthracycline/taxane-based PST were analysed. TIL subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TILs), BCSC phenotype, and the expression of EMT markers were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and were correlated with pCR after PST. Results: Infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes was closely correlated with BCSC phenotype and EMT. High levels of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TILs were associated with pCR, and CD8+ TILs were found to be an independent predictive factor for pCR. In addition, CD8+ TILs were associated with pCR irrespective of breast cancer subtype, CD44+/CD24− phenotype, EMT, and chemotherapeutic regimen in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: These findings indicate that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are a key component of TILs associated with chemo-response and can be used as a reliable predictor of response to anthracycline- or anthracycline/taxane-based PST in breast cancer.

\"The Third Edition of this key resource provides a means of understanding and changing organizational culture in order to make organizations more effective. It provides validated instruments for diagnosing organizational culture and management competency; a theoretical framework (competing values) for understanding organizational culture; and a systematic strategy and methodology for changing organizational culture and personal behavior. New edition includes online versions of the MSAI and OCAI assessments and new discussions of the implications of national cultural profiles\"-- Provided by publisher.

Background: The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has important clinical implications for cancer therapeutics because of the proposed role of CSCs in chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the CSC populations before and after primary systemic therapy (PST) and their prognostic role in human breast cancer. Methods: Paired samples (before and after PST) of breast cancer tissue were obtained from clinical stage II or III patients ( n =92) undergoing PST with the regimen of doxorubicin plus docetaxel (AD) ( n =50) or doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide (AC) ( n =42) and subsequent breast resection. The proportions of putative CSCs with CD44+/CD24− or aldehyde dehydrogenase 1+ (ALDH1+) phenotypes were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: A higher proportion of CD44+/CD24− tumour cells and ALDH1 positivity in pre-chemotherapy tissue was correlated with higher histologic grade, oestrogen receptor (ER) negativity, high Ki-67 proliferation index and basal-like subtype of breast cancer. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 positivity in pre-chemotherapy biopsy was also associated with a higher rate of pathologic complete response following PST. In comparisons of putative CSC populations before and after PST, the proportions of CD44+/CD24− and ALDH1+ tumour cells were significantly increased after PST. The cases with increased CD44+/CD24− tumour cell populations after PST showed high Ki-67 proliferation index in post-chemotherapy specimens and those with increased ALDH1+ tumour cell population after PST were associated with ER negativity and p53 overexpression. Furthermore, cases showing such an increase had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with no change or a reduced number of CSCs, and the survival difference was most notable with regard to the changes of ALDH1+ tumour cell population in the patients who received AC regimen. Conclusion: The present study provides the clinical evidence that the putative CSCs in breast cancer are chemoresistant and are associated with tumour progression, emphasising the need for targeting of CSCs in the breast cancer therapeutics.

\"A deluxe hardcover edition of Keller's classic memoir The Story of My Life--presented in complete and unredacted form--along with the brilliant, still-underappreciated personal essays of The World I Live In, in which Keller reflects on the senses, language, philosophy, dreams, and belief. Includes a selection of more than a dozen essays, speeches, and letters--most of them out-of-print, previously uncollected, or previously unpublished--revealing Keller's thoughts on religion and faith, women's rights and workers' rights, racial injustice, and the peace movement. Chapters from her later memoir Midstream recall her friendship with Mark Twain, and memories of her mother\"-- Provided by publisher.

Charge flowing in a thin film of the topological insulator bismuth selenide at room temperature can lead to spin accumulation in the insulator and a resultant strong spin-transfer torque on an adjacent thin film of ferromagnetic nickel–iron alloy, potentially offering a means of controlling the orientation of the alloy’s magnetization. A topological insulator in control Topological insulators represent a novel form of condensed matter with remarkable electronic properties. They act as insulators through the bulk material, but have robust metallic states at the surface. Research in this relatively new field has so far focused mainly on the fundamental properties of these materials. This paper hints at future practical applications with the demonstration that a thin film of the prototypical topological insulator, bismuth selenide, can be used as a very efficient source of spin current at room temperature, inducing a strong spin-transfer torque on an adjacent thin film of ferromagnetic nickel–iron alloy. The phenomenon occurs at room temperature and offers a potential means of controlling the orientation of the alloy's magnetization. This system has relevance for the development of magnetic memory and logic devices. Magnetic devices are a leading contender for the implementation of memory and logic technologies that are non-volatile, that can scale to high density and high speed, and that do not wear out. However, widespread application of magnetic memory and logic devices will require the development of efficient mechanisms for reorienting their magnetization using the least possible current and power 1 . There has been considerable recent progress in this effort; in particular, it has been discovered that spin–orbit interactions in heavy-metal/ferromagnet bilayers can produce strong current-driven torques on the magnetic layer 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , via the spin Hall effect 12 , 13 in the heavy metal or the Rashba–Edelstein effect 14 , 15 in the ferromagnet. In the search for materials to provide even more efficient spin–orbit-induced torques, some proposals 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 have suggested topological insulators 20 , 21 , which possess a surface state in which the effects of spin–orbit coupling are maximal in the sense that an electron’s spin orientation is fixed relative to its propagation direction. Here we report experiments showing that charge current flowing in-plane in a thin film of the topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3 ) at room temperature can indeed exert a strong spin-transfer torque on an adjacent ferromagnetic permalloy (Ni 81 Fe 19 ) thin film, with a direction consistent with that expected from the topological surface state. We find that the strength of the torque per unit charge current density in Bi 2 Se 3 is greater than for any source of spin-transfer torque measured so far, even for non-ideal topological insulator films in which the surface states coexist with bulk conduction. Our data suggest that topological insulators could enable very efficient electrical manipulation of magnetic materials at room temperature, for memory and logic applications.