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\"In this groundbreaking book, parenting expert and acclaimed author of the bestselling book Simplicity Parenting Kim John Payne, M.Ed., flips the script on children's challenging or defiant behavior and lays out an elegantly simple plan to support parents in establishing loving, age-sensitive boundaries that help children feel safe and settled. In short: What looks like misbehavior is actually your children's signal that they're feeling lost, that they are trying to find direction and looking to you to guide them back on course. Payne gives parents heartwarming help and encouragement by combining astute observations with sensitive and often funny stories from his long career as a parent educator and a school and family counselor. In accessible language, he explains the relevance of current brain- and child-development studies to day-to-day parenting. Breaking the continuum of childhood into three stages, Payne says that parents need to play three different roles, each corresponding to one of those stages, to help steer children through their emotional growth and inevitable challenging times: The Governor, who is comfortably and firmly in charge--setting limits and making decisions for the early years up to around the age of eight The Gardener, who watches for emotional growth and makes decisions based on careful listening, assisting tweens in making plans that take the whole family's needs into account The Guide, who is both a sounding board and moral compass for emerging adults, helping teens build a sense of their life's direction as a way to influence healthy decision making Practical and rooted in common sense, The Soul of Discipline gives parents permission to be warm and nurturing but also calm and firm (not overreactive). It gives clear, doable strategies to get things back on track for parents who sense that their children's behavior has fallen into a troubling pattern. And best of all, it provides healthy direction to the entire family so parents can spend less time and energy on outmoded, punitive discipline and more on connecting with and enjoying their kids. Praise for Kim John Payne's Simplicity Parenting \"[Payne is] like a master closet reorganizer for the soul.\"--Time \"If you are raising children in these anxious times, you need this book. It will inspire you, reassure you, and, most important, it will remind you that less is more.\"--Katrina Kenison, author of The Gift of an Ordinary Day \"Including practical strategies for turning down the volume and creating a pace that fosters calmness, mindfulness, reflection, and individuality in children, Simplicity Parenting should be on every parent's (indeed, every person's) reading list.\"--Kathleen A. Brehony, Ph.D., author of Awakening at Midlife \"Brilliant, wise, informative, innovative, entertaining, and urgently needed, this timely book is a godsend for all who love children, and for children themselves. It provides a doable plan for providing the kind of childhood that kids desperately need today!\"--Edward M. Hallowell, M.D., author of The Childhood Roots of Adult Happiness\"-- Provided by publisher.

Turbulence physics responsible for high skin-friction drag in turbulent boundary layers is first reviewed. A self-sustaining process of near-wall turbulence structures is then discussed from the perspective of controlling this process for the purpose of skin-friction drag reduction. After recognizing that key parts of this self-sustaining process are linear, a linear systems approach to boundary-layer control is discussed. It is shown that singular-value decomposition analysis of the linear system allows us to examine different approaches to boundary-layer control without carrying out the expensive nonlinear simulations. Results from the linear analysis are consistent with those observed in full nonlinear simulations, thus demonstrating the validity of the linear analysis. Finally, fundamental performance limit expected of optimal control input is discussed.

Spatial updating, the ability to track the egocentric position of surrounding objects during self-motion, is fundamental to navigating around the world. However, people make systematic errors when updating the position of objects after linear self-motion. To determine the source of these errors, we measured errors in remembered target position with or without passive lateral translations. Self-motion was presented both visually (simulated in virtual reality) and physically (on a 6-DOF motion platform). People underestimated targets’ eccentricity in general even when just asked to remember them for a few seconds (5–7 seconds), with larger underestimations of more eccentric targets. We hypothesized that updating errors would depend on target eccentricity, which was manifested as errors depending not only on target eccentricity but also the observer’s movement range. When updating the position of targets within the range of movement (such that their actual locations crossed the viewer’s midline), people overestimated their change in position relative to their head/body compared to when judging the location of objects that were outside the range of movement and therefore did not cross the midline. We interpret these results as revealing changes in the efficacy of spatial updating depending on participant’s perception of self-motion and the perceptual consequences for targets represented initially in one half of the visual field having to be reconstructed in the opposite hemifield.

Oliver wishes he were as popular and important as Sherman, the largest giant sequoia tree, until he discovers it is enough to be part of something big.

As far as plastron is sustained, superhydrophobic (SHPo) surfaces are expected to reduce skin-friction drag in any flow conditions including large-scale turbulent boundary-layer flows of marine vessels. However, despite many successful drag reductions reported using laboratory facilities, the plastron on SHPo surfaces was persistently lost in high-Reynolds-number flows on open water, and no reduction has been reported until a recent study using certain microtrench SHPo surfaces underneath a boat (Xu et al., Phys. Rev. Appl., vol. 13, no. 3, 2020, 034056). Since scientific studies with controlled flows are difficult with a boat on ocean water, in this paper we test similar SHPo surfaces in a high-speed towing tank, which provides well-controlled open-water flows, by developing a novel $0.7\\ \\textrm {m} \\times 1.4\\ \\textrm {m}$ towing plate, which subjects a $4\\ \\textrm {cm} \\times 7\\ \\textrm {cm}$ sample to the high-Reynolds-number flows of the plate. In addition to the 7 cm long microtrenches, trenches divided into two in length are also tested and reveal an improvement. The skin-friction drag ratio relative to a smooth surface is found to be decreasing with increasing Reynolds number, down to 73 % (i.e. 27 % drag reduction) at $Re_x\\sim 8\\times 10^6$, before starting to increase at higher speeds. For a given gas fraction, the trench width non-dimensionalized to the viscous length scale is found to govern the drag reduction, in agreement with previous numerical results.

When Nova eats Earth's Sun, panicked scientists from around the world tell her why they need it back and using a little girl's suggestion, Nova is happy to help. Includes glossary and facts about the sun.

BACKGROUND: Plants alter their environment in a number of ways. With correct management, plant communities can positively impact soil degradation processes such as surface erosion and shallow landslides. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of physical and ecological processes on hillslopes, and the application of research to restoration and engineering projects. SCOPE: To identify the key issues of concern to researchers and practitioners involved in designing and implementing projects to mitigate hillslope instability, we organized a discussion during the Third International Conference on Soil Bio- and Eco-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability, Vancouver, Canada, July 2012. The facilitators asked delegates to answer three questions: (i) what do practitioners need from science? (ii) what are some of the key knowledge gaps? (iii) what ideas do you have for future collaborative research projects between practitioners and researchers? From this discussion, ten key issues were identified, considered as the kernel of future studies concerning the impact of vegetation on slope stability and erosion processes. Each issue is described and a discussion at the end of this paper addresses how we can augment the use of ecological engineering techniques for mitigating slope instability. CONCLUSIONS: We show that through fundamental and applied research in related fields (e.g., soil formation and biogeochemistry, hydrology and microbial ecology), reliable data can be obtained for use by practitioners seeking adapted solutions for a given site. Through fieldwork, accessible databases, modelling and collaborative projects, awareness and acceptance of the use of plant material in slope restoration projects should increase significantly, particularly in the civil and geotechnical communities.

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a promising analyte for cancer detection. However, a comprehensive assessment of cfRNA in individuals with and without cancer has not been conducted. We perform the first transcriptome-wide characterization of cfRNA in cancer (stage III breast [ n  = 46], lung [ n  = 30]) and non-cancer ( n  = 89) participants from the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (NCT02889978). Of 57,820 annotated genes, 39,564 (68%) are not detected in cfRNA from non-cancer individuals. Within these low-noise regions, we identify tissue- and cancer-specific genes, defined as “dark channel biomarker” (DCB) genes, that are recurrently detected in individuals with cancer. DCB levels in plasma correlate with tumor shedding rate and RNA expression in matched tissue, suggesting that DCBs with high expression in tumor tissue could enhance cancer detection in patients with low levels of circulating tumor DNA. Overall, cfRNA provides a unique opportunity to detect cancer, predict the tumor tissue of origin, and determine the cancer subtype. Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a promising analyte for cancer diagnosis. Here, the authors determine the baseline cell-free transcriptome in the absence of cancer and identify tissue- and subtype-specific cfRNA biomarkers in breast and lung cancer patients.