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The short-circuit ratio is a key index used to measure the voltage support capability of new energy grid-connected systems, which contradicts its accuracy and practicability. The current short-circuit ratio index (SCR-U) does not consider the influence of the coupling impedance between power supply and load on the short-circuit ratio in the calculation process. This paper derives the coupled short-circuit ratio (SCR-O) based on SCR-U and the coupled equivalent impedance. The coupled critical short-circuit ratio (CSCR-O) is then numerically obtained based on the maximum transmission power, and the extreme value of the critical short-circuit ratio is calculated to provide a numerical basis to determine the accuracy of SCR-U and SCR-O. Finally, simulations demonstrate the superiority of the coupling short circuit to the short-circuit ratio index. It can provide more accurate results and reflect the system’s real-time voltage stability.

Objective Gastric carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the human digestive system worldwide. CD44 serves as a marker for several tumour stem cells, including gastric cancer. However, the prognostic value of CD44 and its correlation with immune infiltration in gastric cancer remain unclear. Methods The relative expression level of CD44 RNA in gastric cancer was analysed in the TCGA and GEPIA2 databases and validated in the GEO database. Differences in CD44 between gastric cancer cell lines and normal cells were detected by real-time PCR, and the HPA database was used to analyse the differential expression of CD44 protein in gastric cancer and normal tissues. The effect of CD44 on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells was detected by CCK8 and transwell assays. UALCAN was used to analyse the relationship between CD44 expression and clinical parameters, and the Kaplan‒Meier Plotter was used to evaluate the prognostic value, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and post-progression survival (PPS). The CD44 gene and protein interaction network was constructed by using the Linked Omics, GeneMANIA, STRING and DisGeNET databases. GO and KEGG analyses and GSEA of CD44 were performed by using R language. The correlation between CD44 and immune infiltration was explored by using the TIMER, CIBERSORT and GEPIA databases. Results CD44 is highly expressed in gastric cancer compared with normal tissues. Inhibition of proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells after CD44 knockdown was observed. The UALCAN database showed that CD44 was independent of sex in gastric cancer but correlated with cancer stage and lymph node metastasis. Kaplan‒Meier Plotter online analysis showed that OS, PFS and PPS were prolonged in the CD44 low-expression group. GO and KEGG analyses and GSEA results showed that CD44 was mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the extracellular matrix containing collagen, which was mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption. TIMER, CIBERSORT and GEPIA showed that CD44 was associated with infiltrating immune cells and thereby affected survival prognosis. Conclusion CD44 is highly expressed in gastric cancer and is an independent prognostic factor associated with immune invasion, which can be used as a candidate prognostic biomarker to determine the prognosis associated with gastric immune invasion.

Collapsible loess poses significant geotechnical risks due to its metastable structure and water sensitivity, while conventional stabilization methods often lack sustainability. This study investigates the synergistic effects of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and modified biochar (MBC) to enhance loess engineering properties. Controlled experiments evaluated hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, and stress-strress–strain behavior under varying MBC content (0–8%), cementation reagent concentration (0.5–1.5 mol/L), and confining pressures (50–400 kPa), and complemented by microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results demonstrate that MBC (4–6%) optimizes calcium carbonate distribution by providing nucleation sites, reducing hydraulic conductivity by 72% and increasing shear strength by 52% when compared with untreated loess. Elevated confining pressures (200–400 kPa) transformed brittle failure into ductile behavior through particle interlocking, with peak strength quadrupling under 400 kPa. SEM analysis revealed MBC stabilizes hierarchical pore networks: macropores sustain microbial activity, while mesopores are occluded by CaCO3-MBC composites, sequestering ionic byproducts to mitigate efflorescence. The optimal combination (6% MBC, 1.0 mol/L reagent, 200 kPa confinement) achieved 85% of maximum strength gain at reduced reagent cost, balancing performance and sustainability.

Microplastics have caused considerable harm to the environment and threatened human health due to their strong adsorption and hard biodegradation. Therefore, the research of microplastic received increasing attention recently, producing numbers of related achievements. To comprehensively grasp the quantitative information of published papers on “microplastics,” we analyzed the research progress and hotspots of “microplastics” through visualization software “VOSviewer.” The results show that the number of literature on microplastics published from 2009 to 2019 increased exponentially ( R 2  = 0.9873). The top 10 cited references are mainly in “zooplankton ingesting microplastics,” “microplastics in artificially cultivated bivalve,” “microplastics in surface waters such as lakes,” etc. The cutting-edge microplastics research is adsorption, biodegradation, ingestion and accumulation model, and toxicity analysis. In addition, the results predict that the combination of constructed wetland, biotechnology, and photocatalysis to remove microplastics will become new hotspots. The study provides researchers in microplastics with an overview of existing research and directional guidance for future research.

HighlightsImine groups in covalent organic framework (COF) films act as dual-active sites for humidity sensing, inducing an intrinsic enhanced mechanism of reversible protonated tautomerism via water molecule-induced hydrogen bonding.The cis-ketoimine reciprocal isomerization induces a stretching vibration effect for the ordered conjugated conductive frame of COF films, realizing fast response, wide range, and high sensitivity characteristics for humidity detection.Resistance changes of COF film-based sensors keep a strong linear relationship with low-range relative humidity, reflecting the quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level.Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis. However, ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge. Herein, chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue, which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance. By regulation of monomers and functional groups, these COF films can be pre-engineered to achieve high response, wide detection range, fast response, and recovery time. Under the condition of relative humidity ranging from 13 to 98%, the COFTAPB-DHTA film-based humidity sensor exhibits outstanding humidity sensing performance with an expanded response value of 390 times. Furthermore, the response values of the COF film-based sensor are highly linear to the relative humidity in the range below 60%, reflecting a quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level. Based on the dual-site adsorption of the (–C=N–) and (C–N) stretching vibrations, the reversible tautomerism induced by hydrogen bonding with water molecules is demonstrated to be the main intrinsic mechanism for this effective humidity detection. In addition, the synthesized COF films can be further exploited to effectively detect human nasal and oral breathing as well as fabric permeability, which will inspire novel designs for effective humidity-detection devices.

Rapid dynamic loads, such as those caused by earthquakes or traffic, induce medium strain rates in expansive soil, impacting its mechanical properties, which are vital for geotechnical engineering design. This study aims to deepen understanding of the rate effect on expansive clay under plane strain conditions. It conducts various isotropic triaxial and plane strain shearing tests at different medium strain rates. Post-testing, the microstructures of the clay, affected by varying shearing rates, are examined using scanning electron microscope and nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental findings revealed that the strength at higher strain rates surpasses that at lower ones. In addition, the strength under plane strain at the same consolidation stress level exceeds that under triaxial loading. The strain rate effect is more pronounced in the clay studied under low consolidation pressure, which is more significant in the triaxial state than under plane strain. Excess pore water pressure initially peaks at low strain rates before decreasing but increases at higher strain rates. The specimen’s intermediate principal stress coefficient ( b ) rises with the increase in consolidation pressure and strain rate. In addition, the expansion of fissures and changes in internal structure account for the strain rate effect in undisturbed expansive soil under specific loading rates. These new insights aid in better understanding the behavior of expansive clay under medium strain rates, enabling engineers to establish appropriate design parameters and criteria. This ensures the safety and stability of structures under dynamic loading.

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often suffer from chronic pain. Little is known about the peripheral mechanisms underlying the genesis of chronic pain induced by SLE. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how membrane properties in nociceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) are altered by SLE. We found elevation of resting membrane potentials, smaller capacitances, lower action potential thresholds and rheobases in nociceptive neurons in the DRGs from MRL/lpr mice (an SLE mouse model) with thermal hyperalgesia. DRGs from MRL/lpr mice had increased protein expressions in TNFα, IL-1β, and phosphorylated ERK but suppressed AMPK activity, and no changes in sodium channel 1.7 protein expression. We showed that intraplantar injection of Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) induced thermal hyperalgesia in normal mice while intraplantar injection of AICAR (an AMPK activator) reduced thermal hyperalgesia in MRL/Lpr mice. Upon inhibition of AMPK membrane properties in nociceptive neurons from normal control mice could be rapidly switched to those found in SLE mice with thermal hyperalgesia. Our study indicates that increased excitability in peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons contributes to the genesis of thermal hyperalgesia in mice with SLE, and AMPK regulates membrane properties in nociceptive sensory neurons as well as thermal hyperalgesia in mice with SLE. Our study provides a basis for targeting signaling pathways regulating membrane properties of peripheral nociceptive neurons as a means for conquering chronic pain caused by SLE.

Given the frequent occurrence of expansive soil slope failures during rainy season, in situ borehole shear tests were conducted to investigate how loading-added modes and rainfall conditions affect the shear strength parameters of expansive soils. The results obtained were used to analyze an actual engineering project under various construction practices and depths of rainfall infiltration, with the goal of elucidating the mechanisms behind expansive soil landslides. The test results indicate that rainfall infiltration leads to a significant reduction in cohesive force, while the internal friction angle decreases slightly. Cohesive force increases linearly with greater preload pressures, whereas the internal friction angle decreases linearly as preload pressure increases. Numerical simulations revealed that rainfall-induced sliding occurs at shallow depths along a broken-line sliding surface. For unprotected expansive soil cut slopes, the safety factor experiences a sharp decline as the depth of rainfall infiltration increases. Timely support measures significantly enhance slope stability; however, the supporting load can mitigate the softening effect only up to a certain extent. Additionally, two methodologies for selecting preload pressures in practical engineering applications have been proposed.

TRIM56 plays a role in tumor development through the ubiquitination of several key substrate molecules. However, its relationship with tumor prognosis and immune infiltration remains unclear. The expression and localization of TRIM56 were analyzed from TCGA_GTEx, TCGA and HPA database. The effects of TRIM56 on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells A549 were evaluated by CCK-8 and wound healing assays. Correlations between TRIM56 expression and survival in patients were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter and a nomogram model. Additionally, the relationship between TRIM56 and immune cell infiltration in tumors was explored via TIMER 2.0. Functional interactions and associated proteins of TRIM56 were examined using GEPIA 2.0 and the STING database. The signaling pathways influenced by TRIM56 were identified through GO and KEGG analyses. TRIM56 expression showed significant variation across 11 different tumor types when compared to normal tissues, with some tumors displaying high expression and others showing the opposite. TRIM56 inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 cells. High TRIM56 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in patients with COAD, GBM, and LGG, but with longer OS in BLCA, KIRC, MESO, and SKCM. In BLCA and KIRC, high TRIM56 expression was closely linked to B cells, macrophages, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration, contributing to a favorable prognosis. TRIM56 appears to affect tumor development through transcriptional regulatory complexes, transcriptional co-regulatory factor activity, and immune-related pathways.TRIM56 may play a critical role in tumor immunity and influence tumor prognosis. It holds potential as both a target for immunotherapy and a prognostic marker.

It is universally known that residual soils behave very differently from sedimentary soils. While the latter is widely known as cross-anisotropic, little is known regarding the strength anisotropy of residual soils. This study presents how the inherent anisotropy affects the strength of natural granite residual soils under generalized conditions, where intact specimens were carefully prepared and sheared under triaxial compression, extension, simple shear, and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests. The strength of natural residual soil, in terms of ultimate stress ratio M and undrained shear strength Su, is found to be significantly anisotropic in a different way from normally consolidated clays with the maximum strength obtained under triaxial compression and the minimum under simple shear or at intermediate principal stress direction. As a result, the existing method failed to measure the anisotropy degree of the studied soil. Two parameters were proposed accordingly to quantify the anisotropic strength under general conditions, taking the special strength anisotropy pattern and cohesive-frictional nature of GRS into account. The proposed parameters enable the direct comparison of strength anisotropy among soils. This study serves as a data set to better understand residual soils regarding their anisotropic behaviors under generalized conditions. Although specific to granite residual soils in China, this study is expected to be more widely applicable to other weathered geomaterials.