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Solar energy is one of the main alternatives for the decarbonization of the electricity sector and the reduction of the existing energy deficit in some regions of the world. However, one of its main limitations lies in its storage, since this energy source is intermittent. This paper evaluates the potential of an underground thermal energy storage tank supplied by solar thermal collectors to provide hot water for the activation of a single-effect absorption cooling system. A simulator was developed in TRNSYS 17 software. Experimentally on-site measured data of soil temperature were used in order to increase the accuracy of the simulation. The results show that the underground tank reduces thermal energy losses by 27.6% during the entire hot period compared with the air-exposed tank. The electrical energy savings due to the reduction in pumping time during the entire hot period was 639 kWh, which represents 23.6% of the electrical energy consumption of the solar collector pump. It can be concluded that using an underground thermal energy storage tank is a feasible option in areas with high levels of solar radiation, especially in areas where ambient temperature drops significantly during night hours and/or when access to electrical energy is limited.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world, and there is a demand for new therapeutic agents to treat GC. Metformin has been demonstrated to be an antineoplastic agent in some types of cancer; however, it has not been sufficiently valued in treating GC because the effect of metformin in combination with chemotherapy regimens has not yet been evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying cell death induced by metformin alone or when combined with chemotherapy. The cytogenetic characteristics of the NCI-N87 cell line were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). To determine viability, the cells were treated with metformin, epirubicin, cisplatin, docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil (individually and at different concentrations). Subsequently, the cells were treated with metformin alone, and in combination with the chemotherapeutic drugs and the epirubicin + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil regimens. Cell viability, proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Apoptosis, caspase activity and cell cycle progression were assessed by flow cytometry. Finally, light microscopy was used to evaluate senescence and clonogenicity. The results revealed that metformin, alone and when combined with chemotherapy, increased the proportion of apoptotic cells, promoted the loss of ΔΨm, and induced apoptosis through caspase activity in GC cells. Moreover, metformin decreased cell proliferation. In addition, metformin alone did not induce senescence and it counteracted the effects of chemotherapy-induced senescence in GC cells. Additionally, metformin, alone and when combined with chemotherapy, decreased the clonogenic capacity of NCI-N87 GC cells. In conclusion, metformin may increase the effects of chemotherapy on NCI-N87 cell death and could represent an option to improve the treatment of GC.

The aim of this study was to describe the goals, activities, and methods of EUMOVE project in developing a set of resources targeting both primary and secondary schools that allow the entire educational community to promote healthy lifestyles (HL). The EUMOVE project is an Erasmus+ program based in the Creating Active Schools (CAS) framework. The project lasted 3 years and was developed by 14 academic and non-governmental institutions from Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and the UK. EUMOVE was divided into three phases. In the first phase, several work packages were carried out aimed to ensure the coordination/management of the project activities. In the second phase, seven educational resources strengthened by rigorous scientific research were developed to promote HL from schools. During the last phase, all the resources were disseminated through scientific seminars, workshops with families and teachers, and the online promotion by the non-governmental institutions of each country. The EUMOVE project developed and promoted a smartphone APP, video/activity repository of physically active lessons, active break virtual platform, learning units, and parent/teachers/school-leaders’ guidelines to promote physical activity, active commuting, active school playgrounds, healthy diet, and sleep habits. To our knowledge, EUMOVE is the first European project to provide a set of practical tools based on scientific evidence to help schools or future school-wide interventions implement a paradigm shift based on the CAS framework for the promotion of HL. Future research will need to investigate the implementation, effectiveness, and scalability of this proposal.

Background Understanding the temporal patterns of fire occurrence and their relationships with fuel dryness is key to sound fire management, especially under increasing global warming. At present, no system for prediction of fire occurrence risk based on fuel dryness conditions is available in Mexico. As part of an ongoing national-scale project, we developed an operational fire risk mapping tool based on satellite and weather information. Results We demonstrated how differing monthly temporal trends in a fuel greenness index, dead ratio (DR), and fire density (FDI) can be clearly differentiated by vegetation type and region for the whole country, using MODIS satellite observations for the period 2003 to 2014. We tested linear and non-linear models, including temporal autocorrelation terms, for prediction of FDI from DR for a total of 28 combinations of vegetation types and regions. In addition, we developed seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for forecasting DR values based on the last observed values. Most ARIMA models showed values of the adjusted coefficient of determination (R 2 adj) above 0.7 to 0.8, suggesting potential to forecast fuel dryness and fire occurrence risk conditions. The best fitted models explained more than 70% of the observed FDI variation in the relation between monthly DR and fire density. Conclusion These results suggest that there is potential for the DR index to be incorporated in future fire risk operational tools. However, some vegetation types and regions show lower correlations between DR and observed fire density, suggesting that other variables, such as distance and timing of agricultural burn, deserve attention in future studies.

Accurate quantification of branch volume in trees is important for sustainable forest management, especially as these fractions are increasingly used for bioenergy, and for precise forest CO2 quantification. Whereas a large focus has been placed on the compatible estimation of tree taper and bole volume with and without bark, little effort has been made to develop models that allow a simultaneous prediction of these variables together with tree branch volume. In this study, 595 Pinus cooperi trees and 700 Pinus durangensis trees were sampled in pine-oak forests in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. A compatible system for predicting two segmented taper functions, over and under bark; the corresponding merchantable volumes; coarse branch volume and whole-tree volume was fitted using a modified continuous autoregressive structure to account for autocorrelation. The proposed compatible equations explained more than 97% of the observed variability in diameter over and under bark, volume over and under bark, and total tree volume and more than 64% of the observed variability in branch volume in both species. The method described can theoretically be replicated for any tree species, thus providing a better understanding of the patterns of volume distribution by components, potentially improving carbon accounting system and forest bioenergy planning.

The term clickbait is usually used to name web contents which are specifically designed to maximize advertisement monetization, often at the expense of quality and exactitude. The rapid proliferation of this type of content has motivated researchers to develop automatic detection methods, to effectively block clickbaits in different application domains. In this paper, we introduce a novel clickbait detection method. Our approach leverages state-of-the-art techniques from the fields of deep learning and metric learning, integrating them into the Case-Based Reasoning methodology. This provides the model with the ability to learn-over-time, adapting to different users’ criteria. Our experimental results also evidence that the proposed approach outperforms previous clickbait detection methods by a large margin.

Introduction: The association between physical activity for health and socio-emotional well-being in children and adolescents is widely documented. However, the relationship between active play and self-esteem in schoolchildren is unknown, especially when considering sociodemographic variables that influence active play. Objectives: 1) to analyze the association between different types of active play and self-esteem in schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 in schools in Chile, and 2) to determine the role of sociodemographic, school, and family variables involved in this potential association. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 417 Chilean schoolchildren (7.8 ± 1.1 years, 53.4% children). Active play was assessed using the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, and self-esteem with the School Self-Esteem Test. Results: Schoolchildren who did not play at home showed lower self-esteem, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (βi = -3.00; 95% CI: [-5.78; -0.23]; p = 0.033), sociodemographic and school (βi = -3.02; 95% CI: [-5.82; -0.22]; p = 0.034) and sociodemographic, school, and family (βi = -2.84; 95% CI: [-5.67; -0.02]; p = 0.047). Conclusions: These findings support the implementation of public policies, and at the same time collaborative work between schools and families, that promote active play as a key factor for the socio-emotional well-being and health of schoolchildren. Introducción: Los beneficios de la actividad física para la salud y el bienestar de niños y adolescentes están ampliamente documentados. Sin embargo, se desconoce sobre la relación entre el juego activo y la autoestima infantil, especialmente al considerar variables sociodemográficas que influyen en el juego activo. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre distintas modalidades de juego activo y la autoestima en escolares de 6 a 10 años de centros educativos en Chile y determinar el rol de las variables sociodemográficas, escolares y familiares implicadas en esta potencial asociación. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con 417 escolares chilenos (7.8 ± 1.1 años, 53.4% niños). El juego activo se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Medición de Actividad Física y Conducta Sedentaria, y la autoestima con el Test de Autoestima Escolar. Resultados: Los escolares que no jugaban en casa mostraron una disminución significativa en la autoestima, incluso tras ajustar por variables sociodemográficas (β = -3.00; IC 95%: [-5.78; -0.23]; p = 0.033), sociodemográficas y escolares (β = -3.02; IC 95%: [-5.82; -0.22]; p = 0.034) y sociodemográficas, escolares y familiares (β = -2.84; IC 95%: [-5.67; -0.02]; p = 0.047). Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos respaldan la implementación de políticas públicas, y a la vez de trabajo colaborativo de escuelas y familias, que promuevan el juego activo como un factor clave para el bienestar y la salud de los escolares. Introdução: A associação entre a atividade física para a saúde e o bem-estar socioemocional em crianças e adolescentes está amplamente documentada. No entanto, a relação entre a brincadeira ativa e a autoestima em crianças em idade escolar é desconhecida, especialmente quando se consideram variáveis ​​sociodemográficas que influenciam a brincadeira ativa.Objectivos: 1) analisar a associação entre os diferentes tipos de brincadeira activa e a auto-estima em crianças escolares dos 6 aos 10 anos das escolas chilenas e 2) determinar o papel das variáveis ​​sociodemográficas, escolares e familiares envolvidas nesta potencial associação.Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 417 escolares chilenos (7,8 ± 1,1 anos, 53,4% crianças). A brincadeira ativa foi avaliada através do Questionário para Medição da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário, e a autoestima, através do Teste de Autoestima Escolar.Resultados: Os escolares que não brincavam em casa apresentaram menor autoestima, mesmo após ajuste para variáveis ​​sociodemográficas (βi = -3,00; IC 95%: [-5,78; -0,23]; p = 0,033), sociodemográficas e escolares (βi = -3,02; IC 95%: [-5,82; -0,22]; p = 0,034) e sociodemográficas, escolares e familiares (βi = -2,84; IC 95%: [-5,67; -0,02]; p = 0,047).Conclusões: Estes achados corroboram a implementação de políticas públicas e, concomitantemente, o trabalho colaborativo entre escola e família, que promovam a brincadeira ativa como fator-chave para o bem-estar socioemocional e a saúde dos escolares.

Introduction: The association between physical activity for health and socio-emotional well-being in children and adolescents is widely documented. However, the relationship between active play and self-esteem in schoolchildren is unknown, especially when considering sociodemographic variables that influence active play. Objectives: 1) to analyze the association between different types of active play and self-esteem in schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 in schools in Chile, and 2) to determine the role of sociodemographic, school, and family variables involved in this potential association. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 417 Chilean schoolchildren (7.8 ± 1.1 years, 53.4% children). Active play was assessed using the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, and self-esteem with the School Self-Esteem Test. Results: Schoolchildren who did not play at home showed lower self-esteem, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (βi = -3.00; 95% CI: [-5.78; -0.23]; p = 0.033), sociodemographic and school (βi = -3.02; 95% CI: [-5.82; -0.22]; p = 0.034) and sociodemographic, school, and family (βi = -2.84; 95% CI: [-5.67; -0.02]; p = 0.047). Conclusions: These findings support the implementation of public policies, and at the same time collaborative work between schools and families, that promote active play as a key factor for the socio-emotional well-being and health of schoolchildren. Introdução: A associação entre a atividade física para a saúde e o bem-estar socioemocional em crianças e adolescentes está amplamente documentada. No entanto, a relação entre a brincadeira ativa e a autoestima em crianças em idade escolar é desconhecida, especialmente quando se consideram variáveis ​​sociodemográficas que influenciam a brincadeira ativa.Objectivos: 1) analisar a associação entre os diferentes tipos de brincadeira activa e a auto-estima em crianças escolares dos 6 aos 10 anos das escolas chilenas e 2) determinar o papel das variáveis ​​sociodemográficas, escolares e familiares envolvidas nesta potencial associação.Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 417 escolares chilenos (7,8 ± 1,1 anos, 53,4% crianças). A brincadeira ativa foi avaliada através do Questionário para Medição da Atividade Física e Comportamento Sedentário, e a autoestima, através do Teste de Autoestima Escolar.Resultados: Os escolares que não brincavam em casa apresentaram menor autoestima, mesmo após ajuste para variáveis ​​sociodemográficas (βi = -3,00; IC 95%: [-5,78; -0,23]; p = 0,033), sociodemográficas e escolares (βi = -3,02; IC 95%: [-5,82; -0,22]; p = 0,034) e sociodemográficas, escolares e familiares (βi = -2,84; IC 95%: [-5,67; -0,02]; p = 0,047).Conclusões: Estes achados corroboram a implementação de políticas públicas e, concomitantemente, o trabalho colaborativo entre escola e família, que promovam a brincadeira ativa como fator-chave para o bem-estar socioemocional e a saúde dos escolares. Introducción: Los beneficios de la actividad física para la salud y el bienestar de niños y adolescentes están ampliamente documentados. Sin embargo, se desconoce sobre la relación entre el juego activo y la autoestima infantil, especialmente al considerar variables sociodemográficas que influyen en el juego activo. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre distintas modalidades de juego activo y la autoestima en escolares de 6 a 10 años de centros educativos en Chile y determinar el rol de las variables sociodemográficas, escolares y familiares implicadas en esta potencial asociación. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con 417 escolares chilenos (7.8 ± 1.1 años, 53.4% niños). El juego activo se evaluó mediante el Cuestionario de Medición de Actividad Física y Conducta Sedentaria, y la autoestima con el Test de Autoestima Escolar. Resultados: Los escolares que no jugaban en casa mostraron una disminución significativa en la autoestima, incluso tras ajustar por variables sociodemográficas (β = -3.00; IC 95%: [-5.78; -0.23]; p = 0.033), sociodemográficas y escolares (β = -3.02; IC 95%: [-5.82; -0.22]; p = 0.034) y sociodemográficas, escolares y familiares (β = -2.84; IC 95%: [-5.67; -0.02]; p = 0.047). Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos respaldan la implementación de políticas públicas, y a la vez de trabajo colaborativo de escuelas y familias, que promuevan el juego activo como un factor clave para el bienestar y la salud de los escolares.

Des de tiempos remotos los humanos han observado el comportamiento animal, primero para sobrevivir, luego para cazarlos y después para domesticarlos. Hoy en día, en el mundo natural y urbano en el que vivimos ¿quién no ha visto un ave alzar sus coloridas alas y aletearlas vigorosamente hacia una hembra, o a una ardilla comiendo semillas? Por un motivo u otro, los seres humanos han estado y siguen interesados en la conducta animal. La etología, la ciencia que estudia el comportamiento animal, permite aproximarnos de una perspectiva sistemática a responder cuáles son las causas inmediatas (mecanismos o causas y desarrollo ontogenético) y últimas (adaptación y evolución) del comportamiento. La etología se enmarca dentro de la psicobiología, área de conocimiento que, utilizando el método científico, tiene como objeto de estudio la conducta, en tanto que esta se aborda como un proceso biológico. La etología aporta una perspectiva de análisis de las bases biológicas de la conducta complementaria de las otras disciplinas psicobiológicas. En este libro se integran las aportaciones de investigadores que trabajan alrededor del mundo y que han forjado sus estudios empleando la etología como disciplina de estudio. A través de once capítulos, invitan al lector a introducirse al estudio del comportamiento animal desde una aproximación etológica, abarcando desde la historia y su evolución hasta nuestros tiempos. A lo largo del libro se presentan los métodos de observación, se describen los mecanismos adaptativos y la evolución del comportamiento y la interrelación de la conducta y la ecología que permiten ajustarse al medio físico y social, finalizando con la aproximación evolucionista al estudio del comportamiento humano. El libro está dirigido a un amplio y diverso público, (e.g. estudiantes, académicos y profesionales de ésta disciplina) que quieran tener información actualizada, así como a personas que sin ser especialistas en el tema, tengan interés o curiosidad en conocer y aproximarse desde el ámbito científico o cotidiano a comprender la conducta animal de los animales silvestres y domésticos, a partir de sus bases biológicas.

The yellow-winged darter (Sympetrum flaveolum Linnaeus, 1758, Odonata), which is associated with high mountain areas, can be considered a flagship species. Due to climate change, its natural range will be negatively affected. In this study, we propose global potential distributions for this species up to the year 2100, considering four time periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100) and three shared socioeconomic pathways (optimistic—SSP245, middle of the road—SSP370, and worst—SSP585), by using an ecological niche model to produce two sets of distribution models (80% to 100% and 60% to 100%). It is foreseen that in the worst of the considered climate scenario (SSP585– 2100 year), the distribution of this species could be reduced by almost half, which could pose a risk for the species and provoke the shift from vulnerable to endangered. An analysis of connectivity has also been carried out for all the studied scenarios by applying the MSPA and PC indices, showing that the core habitat of this species will become more important, which is consistent with the decrease in the distribution range. Over time, the importance of the most valuable connectors will increase, implying a greater risk of some populations becoming isolated.