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Beowulf in parallel texts
\"This dual-language edition of Beowulf is for the general reader's enjoyment of the poem and to serve as a study guide for students of English language and literature. To meet this dual purpose, the book provides the two texts running in parallel.\" -- Page [4] of cover.
Book
Effects of the Share 35 Rule on Waitlist and Liver Transplantation Outcomes for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Several studies have investigated the effects following the implementation of the \"Share 35\" policy; however none have investigated what effect this policy change has had on waitlist and liver transplantation (LT) outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).
Data were obtained from the UNOS database and a comparison of the 2 years post-Share 35 with data from the 2 years pre-Share 35 was performed.
In the pre-Share35 era, 23% of LT were performed for HCC exceptions compared to 22% of LT in the post-Share35 era (p = 0.21). No difference in wait-time for HCC patients was seen in any of the UNOS regions between the 2 eras. Competing risk analysis demonstrated that HCC candidates in post-Share 35 era were more likely to die or be delisted for \"too sick\" while waiting (7.2% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.005) within 15 months. A higher proportion of ECD (p<0.001) and DCD (p<0.001) livers were used for patients transplanted for HCC, while lower DRI organs were used for those patients transplanted with a MELD≥35 between the 2 eras (p = 0.007).
No significant change to wait-time for patients listed for HCC was seen following implementation of \"Share 35\". Transplant program behavior has changed resulting use of higher proportion of ECD and DCD liver grafts for patients with HCC. A higher rate of wait list mortality was observed in patients with HCC in the post-Share 35 era.
Journal Article
X-Men: Legion : Shadow King rising
David Haller is no ordinary mutant. Son of Charles Xavier, founder of the X-Men, David's incredible mental powers fractured his mind and now, each of his personalities controls a different ability! And they're not all friendly, as Xavier and the New Mutants find out the hard way! But as Legion struggles to control the chaos in his head, he attracts the attention of one of Xavier's oldest and most malevolent foes: Amahl Farouk, the Shadow King, who's secretly been stalking and manipulating the X-Men and their allies. When the Shadow King sinks his hooks deep into David's mind, will two teams of X-Men be enough to defeat him -- or will David be the key to the villain's ultimate victory? Includes the Muir Island Saga storyline.
BOOK
Enhancing the Performance and Stability of Li-CO2 Batteries Through LAGTP Solid Electrolyte and MWCNT/Ru Cathode Integration
Li-CO2 batteries (LCBs) have emerged as promising solutions for energy storage, with the added benefit of contributing to carbon neutrality by capturing and utilizing CO2 during operation. In this study, a high-performance LCB was developed using a Ge-doped LiAlGeTi (PO4)3 (LAGTP) solid electrolyte, which was synthesized via a solution-based method by doping Ge into NASICON-type LATP. The ionic conductivity of the LAGTP pellets was measured as 1.04 × 10−3 S/cm at 25 °C. The LCB utilizing LAGTP and an MWCNT/Ru cathode maintained a stable cycling performance over 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g, with a cut-off capacity of 500 mAh/g. Post-cycle analysis confirmed the reversible electrochemical reactions at the cathode. The integration of LAGTP as a solid electrolyte effectively enhanced the ionic conductivity and improved the cycle life and performance of the LCB. This study highlights the potential of Ge-doped NASICON-type solid electrolytes for advanced energy-storage technologies and offers a pathway for developing sustainable and high-performance LCBs.
Journal Article
A 3D In Vitro Model of the Human Hepatobiliary Junction
Bile flow is an essential feature of the liver, and disruption of this process contributes to a range of liver pathologies. Efficient bile transport requires coordinated organization between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes at the hepatobiliary junction, a structure that remains poorly captured in existing in vitro models of liver disease. Here, we present a 3D multicellular spheroid‐based model of the human hepatobiliary junction. Building on advances in organoid and spheroid engineering, we co‐aggregate human hepatocytes and intrahepatic cholangiocytes, supported by murine fibroblasts, into adult hepatobiliary organoids (aHBOs). aHBOs directionally transport bile from hepatocyte canaliculi to cholangiocyte‐lined ductule‐like structures, visualized through a high‐throughput imaging assay. Hepatobiliary junction formation and bile flow dynamics are quantified over time using a fluorescent bile acid analog and AI‐assisted image analysis. When subjected to hypoxia‐reoxygenation, aHBOs exhibit disrupted bile transport and distinct cell‐type‐specific responses, enabling interrogation of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte vulnerability to transplant‐associated biliary hypoxia. Our findings suggest a reversible reduction in hepatocyte canalicular function under hypoxia, followed by selective cholangiocyte death upon reoxygenation, potentially contributing to biliary dysfunction after ischemic injury. This human‐derived, scalable platform provides a phenotypically relevant model for dissecting mechanisms of biliary dysfunction and discovering therapeutics for hypoxic liver injury and cholestatic diseases. A 3D human organoid platform reconstructs the hepatobiliary junction between primary adult hepatocytes and intrahepatic cholangiocytes. These adult hepatobiliary organoids (aHBOs) support directional bile transport from canaliculi to ductule‐like structures, enable quantitative imaging of junction dynamics, and reveal cell‐type‐specific vulnerabilities to hypoxia‐reoxygenation relevant to biliary injury and cholestatic disease.
Journal Article
Patterns and Outcomes Associated with Patient Migration for Liver Transplantation in the United States
Traveling to seek specialized care such as liver transplantation (LT) is a reality in the United States. Patient migration has been attributed to organ availability. The aims of this study were to delineate patterns of patient migration and outcomes after LT.
All deceased donor LT between 2008-2013 were extracted from UNOS data. Migrated patients were defined as those patients who underwent LT at a center in a different UNOS region from the region in which they resided and traveled a distance > 100 miles.
Migrated patients comprised 8.2% of 28,700 LT performed. Efflux and influx of patients were observed in all 11 UNOS regions. Regions 1, 5, 6, and 9 had a net efflux, while regions 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 11 had a net influx of patients. After multivariate adjustment for donor and recipient factors, graft (p = 0.68) and patient survival (p = 0.52) were similar between migrated and non-migrated patients.
A significant number of patients migrated in patterns that could not be explained alone by regional variations in MELD score and wait time. Migration may be a complex interplay of factors including referral patterns, specialized services at centers of excellence and patient preference.
Journal Article
LIDAR-Based Relative Navigation for Unknown Space Objects Using 3D Extended Target Tracking
Increasing interest in space debris removal and on-orbit servicing have motivated research in autonomous relative navigation algorithms using Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensors. While relative navigation schemes are well-established for cooperative target spacecraft, the more practical but challenging problem of a noncooperative and unidentified target is considered in this paper. That is, the target does not furnish any navigational aids to the chaser, and no pre-existing model of the target geometry is accessible to the navigation system. To reconstruct the target and track the relative states, an Extended Target Tracking (ETT) technique is implemented in which a weighted sum of spherical harmonics basis functions models the target surface. As LIDAR point clouds are collected, the Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter estimates the weights simultaneously with the 6-degree-of-freedom relative states. Results of simulated rendezvous with a CubeSat show successful target shape estimation and tracking of relative kinematics, position, and attitude.
Journal Article
Recovery of islet β-cell function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice : An indirect role for the spleen
Limitations in islet beta-cell transplantation as a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes have prompted renewed interest in islet regeneration as a source of new islets. In this study we tested whether severely diabetic adult C57BL/6 mice can regenerate beta-cells. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice with high-dose streptozotocin (160-170 mg/kg). In the absence of islet transplantation, all diabetic mice remained diabetic (blood glucose >400 mg/dl), and no spontaneous reversal of diabetes was observed. When syngeneic islets (200/mouse) were transplanted into these diabetic mice under a single kidney capsule, stable restoration of euglycemia for >/=120 days was achieved. Removal of the kidney bearing the transplanted islets at 120 days posttransplantation revealed significant restoration of endogenous beta-cell function. This restoration of islet function was associated with increased beta-cell mass, as well as beta-cell hypertrophy and proliferation. The restoration of islet cell function was facilitated by the presence of a spleen; however, the facilitation was not due to the direct differentiation of spleen-derived cells into beta-cells. This study supports the possibility of restoring beta-cell function in diabetic individuals and points to a role for the spleen in facilitating this process.
Journal Article
Glycemic Control Promotes Pancreatic Beta-Cell Regeneration in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Pancreatic beta-cells proliferate following administration of the beta-cell toxin streptozotocin. Defining the conditions that promote beta-cell proliferation could benefit patients with diabetes. We have investigated the effect of insulin treatment on pancreatic beta-cell regeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and, in addition, report on a new approach to quantify beta-cell regeneration in vivo.
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic were treated with either syngeneic islets transplanted under the kidney capsule or subcutaneous insulin implants. After either 60 or 120 days of insulin treatment, the islet transplant or insulin implant were removed and blood glucose levels monitored for 30 days. The results showed that both islet transplants and insulin implants restored normoglycemia in the 60 and 120 day treated animals. However, only the 120-day islet and insulin implant groups maintained euglycemia (<200 mg/dl) following discontinuation of insulin treatment. The beta-cell was significantly increased in all the 120 day insulin-treated groups (insulin implant, 0.69+/-0.23 mg; and islet transplant, 0.91+/-0.23 mg) compared non-diabetic control mice (1.54+/-0.25 mg). We also show that we can use bioluminescent imaging to monitor beta-cell regeneration in living MIP-luc transgenic mice.
The results show that insulin treatment can promote beta-cell regeneration. Moreover, the extent of restoration of beta-cell function and mass depend on the length of treatment period and overall level of glycemic control with better control being associated with improved recovery. Finally, real-time bioluminescent imaging can be used to monitor beta-cell recovery in living MIP-luc transgenic mice.
Journal Article
Modern-Day Practice of DCD Liver Transplantation: Controversies, Innovations, and Future Directions
Purpose of Review
Over the past decade, donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation has expanded in the United States due to improved surgical experience and perioperative management. Despite these advances, there remains a reluctance towards broader utilization of DCD liver allografts due to lack of standardized donation process, concern for inferior graft survival, and risk of ischemic cholangiopathy associated with temporary lack of oxygenated perfusion during withdrawal of life-supporting treatment during procurement.
Recent Findings
New perfusion technologies offer potential therapeutic options to mitigate biliary complications and expand utilization of marginal DCD grafts. As these modalities enter routine clinical practice, DCD utilization will continue to increase, and liver allocation policies in turn will evolve to reflect this growing practice.
Summary
This review describes recent progress in DCD LT, current challenges with utilization of DCD liver allografts, and how novel technologies and policies could impact the future of the field.
Journal Article