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Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for in vitro studies reporting IC 50 values of purified flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data for acarbose as a positive control. A total of 339 eligible articles were analyzed, resulting in the retrieval of 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures were rigorously standardized and curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 flavonoids exhibited inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase are presented. Quality assessment utilizing a modified CONSORT checklist and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed, revealing crucial features for the simultaneous inhibition of flavonoids against both enzymes. Moreover, the review also addressed several limitations in the current research landscape and proposed potential solutions. The curated datasets are available online at https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA . Graphical Abstract

Super-sulfated cement (SSC) is a newly developed unburnt cementitious material. It is a kind of environmental-friendly cementitious material due to its energy-saving, carbon emission reducing, and waste-utilization. It mainly composes of phosphogysum (PG) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GFS), with a small amount of cement. In Vietnam, the Diammonium Phosphate DAP - Dinh Vu fertilizer plant in Dinh Vu industrial zone in the northern port city of Hai Phong - has discharged millions of tons of solid waste containing gypsum after 9 years of operation. The waste has changed the color of the water, eroded metal and destroyed fauna and floral systems in the surrounding area. Notably, according to the environmental impact assessment, the gypsum landfill area is supposed to be 13 hectares and the storage time reaches up to five years. This paper presents the experimental results on SSC using a high amount of Dinh Vu phosphogypsum and GFS in comparison with those of ordinary Portland cement (PC). The results show that the setting time of SSC is much longer than that of Portland cement but the compressive strength of SSC can be obtained 45-50 MPa at the age of 28 days, similar to that of the control sample using 100% PC40, and 69MPa at the age of 90 days. This value even exceeds the compressive strength of the PC40 cement.

Phosphogypsum is an important environmental issue for all countries with phosphate and phosphoric acid industries from phosphate rock. The problem mainly stems from the difficulty in storing phosphogypsum. Therefore, the reuse of phosphogypsum in producing construction materials plays an important role to protect human health, to decrease the environmental pollution and to reduce the building materials cost. This research aimed at developing an eco concrete using super sulfated cement (SSC) in which the phosphogypsum was recycled. The present paper deals with the experimental investigation on slump number of fresh concrete, 28-day compressive strength characteristics of concrete using only 10% cement, 30% - 60% phosphogypsum and granulated blast furnace slag in binders named super sulfated cement with 3 different water-binder ratios of 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55... It is shown that Portland cement can be replaced with super sulfated cement based on Vietnam phosphogypsum to develop a good and hardened concrete to achieve economy; The compressive strength of concrete can achieve 20-40MPa. This value is enough for the use of the eco-concrete in the construction industry. The results also indicate that the increase of replacement of phosphogypsum in concrete lead to reduction in the compressive strength but do not affect too much in the case of slump number.

This study presents a high-order shear deformation theory (HSDT)-based model for evaluating the energy harvesting performance of functionally graded material (FGM) beams integrated with a piezoelectric layer and subjected to a moving concentrated load at constant velocity. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle, and the dynamic response is obtained through the State Function Method with trigonometric mode shapes. The output voltage and harvested power are calculated based on piezoelectric constitutive relations. A comparative analysis with homogeneous isotropic beams demonstrates that HSDT yields more accurate predictions than the Classical Beam Theory (CBT), especially for thick beams; for instance, at a span-to-thickness ratio of h/L = 12.5, HSDT predicts increases of approximately 6%, 7%, and 12% in displacement, voltage, and harvested power, respectively, compared to CBT. Parametric studies further reveal that increasing the load velocity significantly enhances the strain rate in the piezoelectric layer, resulting in higher voltage and power output, with the latter exhibiting quadratic growth. Moreover, increasing the material gradation index n reduces the beam’s effective stiffness, which amplifies vibration amplitudes and improves energy conversion efficiency. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating shear deformation and material gradation effects in the design and optimization of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems using FGM beams subjected to dynamic loading.

This study presents a closed-form solution for the dynamic response of a sandwich beam subjected to arbitrary impact loading, with a particular focus on energy harvesting from an attached piezoelectric layer. A thin piezoelectric patch is bonded to the bottom surface of the beam to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. The governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle, considering a non-symmetric sandwich cross-section and incorporating higher-order shear deformation effects. The state–space method is employed to obtain the exact dynamic response of the beam under impact excitation. The differential equations governing the output voltage and harvested power are solved analytically based on the derived response. The natural frequencies and dynamic responses are validated against classical beam theory, highlighting the significance of shear deformation. Numerical examples are provided to evaluate the generated voltage and energy harvesting efficiency. The results demonstrate the strong potential for energy harvesting from sandwich beam vibrations and elucidate the influence of impact loading conditions, distributed load amplitude, and the geometric dimensions of the beam on the harvested output.

Autogenous shrinkage in the volume of cementitious materials results from changes in the microstructure and environmental conditions. These deformations can be sufficient to cause premature cracking of structures, especially the fast hardening materials or thin products with large exchange surfaces, such as paving, screeds and cement-glass composite. The appearance of cracks influences the quality and aesthetics of the works. The dimensional variations can be observed immediately after the cement and the water have been brought into contact during mixing. In this research, the endogenous shrinkages of a fast hardening mortar based on ettringite binder were studied with different methods. In this mortar, there is not only the shrinkage phenomenon but also the swelling relating to the early ettringite formation. Therefore, the understanding of the dimensional variation with different measurement methods is very important. The results indicate that the endogenous shrinkage measured by linear methods and volumetric methods are in good agreement. All measurement method well recorded both a quick shrinkage and a swelling phenomenon in the mortar.

Environmentally friendly materials with low CO2 emissions have become an inevitable trend of the construction industry. This requires research establishments to develop new construction material products and manufacturing enterprises to tale the chance and change production directions to meet the needs of the market. Among those new materials, Geopolymer materials promise to contribute to the development of increasingly sustainable construction. This paper aims to study the effect of drying temperature and drying time on compressive strength of geopolymer binders made from type F fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag combined with activators solution, including 10M NaOH caustic solution, liquid glass. Research results show that when the drying temperature increases from 60°C to 120°C and the drying time increases from 6 to 24 hours, the compressive strength of geopolymer binders could be enhanced from 2.5 to 3.0 times, compressive strength can reach over 50MPa, fully meet the requirements of the strength of binders used for manufacturing building materials products in civil engineering and industrial construction.

Ettringite based compound is a new materials used in construction because of high early-age strength, good chemical resistance, low CO2 emission...etc. However, research on not only the microstructure characteristics but also macrostructural properties and their internal relation is very limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between the microstructure characteristics such as chemical shrinkage and ettringite development by the infrared spectroscopy method with endogenous volumetric shrinkage in case of an ettringite based compound without setting regulators. The results indicated the evolution of the ettringite measured continuously by the infrared spectroscopy method corresponds to the development curves of the endogenous and chemical shrinkage. The swelling phenomenon expressed by volumetric shrinkage measurement related to the ettringite formation is verified by infrared spectroscopy and DRX technic. The greater the amount of ettringite formation, the more swelling of the compound increases.

Telomere erosion and mitochondrial dysfunction are prominent features of aging cells with progressive declines of cellular functions. Whether telomere injury induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human T lymphocytes, the major component of adaptive host immunity against infection and malignancy, remains unclear. We have recently shown that disruption of telomere integrity by KML001, a telomere-targeting drug, induces T cell senescence and apoptosis via the telomeric DNA damage response (DDR). In this study, we used KML001 to further investigate the role and mechanism of telomere injury in mitochondrial dysregulation in aging T cells. We demonstrate that targeting telomeres by KML001 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial swelling and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, glycolysis, and ATP energy production. Mechanistically, we found that the KML001-induced telomeric DDR activated p53 signaling, which in turn repressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), leading to T cell mitochondrial dysfunction. These results, forging a direct link between telomeric and mitochondrial biology, shed new light on the human T cell aging network, and demonstrate that the p53-PGC-1α-NRF-1 axis contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of telomeric DDR. This study suggests that targeting this axis may offer an alternative, novel approach to prevent telomere damage-mediated mitochondrial and T cell dysfunctions to combat a wide range of immune aging-associated human diseases.

Background Effective management strategies are crucial in minimizing the adverse consequences associated with the leafhopper, Amrasca devastans (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Economic limitations to entomopathogenic fungi production present a substantial challenge, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate a cost-effective solid-state fermentation (SSF) for large-scale production of Purpureocillium lilacinum PL1 conidia to manage A. devastans infestations in okra cultivation. Results Rice and maize were demonstrated as highly suitable substrates for producing conidia densities of over 2 × 10 10 conidia g −1 . Furthermore, the influence of agricultural phytosanitary agents on the growth rates of P. lilacinum PL1 was evaluated. Certain pesticides were ineffective on the expansion of P. lilacinum PL1 colonies, while fungicides exhibited complete inhibition. The laboratory investigation revealed that 1 × 10 7 conidia ml −1 of P. lilacinum PL1 exhibited a success rate of 88.66% in decreasing the population of A. devastans nymphs in vitro. Furthermore, field investigations carried out in okra plantations demonstrated that the utilization of P. lilacinum PL1 at the concentration of 1 × 10 7 conidia ml −1 of resulted in a significant reduction of the pest nymph population by 72.87% subsequent to the 2 applications. Conclusion In conclusion, the cost-effective mass production of P. lilacinum PL1 conidia through SSF presents a promising solution for managing A. devastans infestations in okra farming, particularly in economically challenged regions.