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دخلت الصين مرحلة جديدة من التطور خلال العقود الثلاثة، مع بدئها بتنفيذ سياسة الإصلاح والانفتاح، فاحتل اقتصادها في العام 2010 م، المرتبة الثانية لأكبر اقتصاد في العالم، نتيجة سنوات طويلة من العمل الشاق، لبناء دولة اشتراكية قوية، والترويج لحوكمة جديدة، إلى جانب التطور المتسارع لكل من العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، تحت قيادة الرئيس شي جين بينغ الحكيمة التي عكست وجهة نظره الثاقبة والمتمثلة في دمج النظرية بالممارسة لمواكبة الزمن. وبناء عليه، سيعالج هذا الكتاب أهم الخطوط العريضة التي قام عليها فكر شي جين بينغ في حوكمة الصين، وبناء دولة ابتكارية تعطي الأولوية لتطوير العلوم والتكنولوجيا والتعليم، وإغنائها بالمواهب الشابة، بهدف الحفاظ على استمرارية النهضة التي تشهدها الأمة الصينية حاليا، والشير أكثر فأكثر إلى الأمام.

To simulate excitation response of the aircraft structural of flutter test aircraft under different excitation methods. A simulation method for excitation response of flutter flight tests based on finite element models has been proposed. This method is based on the finite element model of the aircraft structure. Establish aerodynamic and excitation force models for flutter flight tests. Obtain a simulation model for the excitation response of aircraft flutter flight tests. Solve the model and simulate various excitation methods for flutter flight tests. Firstly, a detailed introduction was given to the excitation modeling method for aircraft flutter flight tests, including two excitation models: external excitation and control surface excitation. Then, the finite element model of the structural dynamics of a single wing with ailerons is taken as the research object. Establish a single wing flutter flight test excitation response model. Implemented simulation of control surface sweep excitation, control surface pulse excitation, and small rocket excitation. The feasibility of this method has been verified. Finally, based on the finite element model of the entire aircraft, a flutter flight test excitation response simulation model was established. We have conducted analysis and research on sensor position optimization, excitation method optimization, excitation response amplitude prediction, and flutter boundary prediction. And the simulation optimization analysis results were compared with the flight test results. Analyzed the promoting effect of flutter flight test excitation response simulation on flight tests.

A bstract We study the holographic complexity of noncommutative field theories. The four-dimensional N = 4 noncommutative super Yang-Mills theory with Moyal algebra along two of the spatial directions has a well known holographic dual as a type IIB supergravity theory with a stack of D3 branes and non-trivial NS-NS B fields. We start from this example and find that the late time holographic complexity growth rate, based on the “complexity equals action” conjecture, experiences an enhancement when the non-commutativity is turned on. This enhancement saturates a new limit which is exactly 1/4 larger than the commutative value. We then attempt to give a quantum mechanics explanation of the enhancement. Finite time behavior of the complexity growth rate is also studied. Inspired by the non-trivial result, we move on to more general setup in string theory where we have a stack of D p branes and also turn on the B field. Multiple noncommutative directions are considered in higher p cases.

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is potentially linked with development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)1-4. BCAA transaminase 2 (BCAT2) was essential for the collateral lethality conferred by deletion of malic enzymes in PDAC and the BCAA–BCAT metabolic pathway contributed to non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) other than PDAC3,4. However, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here we reveal that BCAT2 is elevated in mouse models and in human PDAC. Furthermore, pancreatic tissue-specific knockout of Bcat2 impedes progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) in LSL-KrasG12D/+; Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice. Functionally, BCAT2 enhances BCAA uptake to sustain BCAA catabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Notably, BCAA enhances growth of pancreatic ductal organoids from KC mice in a dose-dependent manner, whereas addition of branched-chain α-keto acid (BCKA) and nucleobases rescues growth of KC organoids that is suppressed by BCAT2 inhibitor. Moreover, KRAS stabilizes BCAT2, which is mediated by spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and E3 ligase tripartite-motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21). In addition, BCAT2 inhibitor ameliorates PanIN formation in KC mice. Of note, a lower-BCAA diet also impedes PDAC development in mouse models of PDAC. Thus, BCAT2-mediated BCAA catabolism is critical for development of PDAC harbouring KRAS mutations. Targeting BCAT2 or lowering dietary BCAA may have translational significance.Li et al. show that BCAA transaminase 2 enhances uptake and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, thereby promoting development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma harbouring KRAS mutations.

A bstract We obtain the complete and independent bases of effective operators at mass dimension 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in both standard model effective field theory with light sterile right-handed neutrinos ( ν SMEFT) and low energy effective field theory with light sterile neutrinos ( ν LEFT). These theories provide systematical parametrizations on all possible Lorentz-invariant physical effects involving in the Majorana/Dirac neutrinos, with/without the lepton number violations. In the ν SMEFT, we find that there are 2 (18), 29 (1614), 80 (4206), 323 (20400), 1358 (243944) independent operators with sterile neutrinos included at the dimension 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for one (three) generation of fermions, while 24, 5223, 3966, 25425, 789426 independent operators in the ν LEFT for two generations of up-type quarks and three generations of all other fermions.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs formed by covalently closed loops through backsplicing. Recent methodologies have enabled in-depth characterization of circRNAs for identification and potential functions. CircRNAs play important roles in various biological functions as microRNA sponges, transcriptional regulators and combining with RNA binding proteins. Recent studies indicated that some cytoplasmic circRNAs can be effectively translated into detectable peptides, which enlightened us on the importance of circRNAs in cellular physiology function. Internal Ribosome Entry site (IRES)- and N 6 -methyladenosines (m 6 A)-mediated cap-independent translation initiation have been suggested to be potential mechanism for circRNA translation. To date, several translated circRNAs have been uncovered to play pivotal roles in human cancers. In this review, we introduced the properties and functions of circRNAs, and characterized the possible mechanism of translation initiation and complexity of the translation ability of circRNAs. We summarized the emerging functions of circRNA-encoded proteins in human cancer. The works on circRNA translation will open a hidden human proteome, and enhance us to understand the importance of circRNAs in human cancer, which has been poorly explored so far.

A bstract We obtain the complete operator bases at mass dimensions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 for the low energy effective field theory (LEFT), which parametrize various physics effects between the QCD scale and the electroweak scale. The independence of the operator basis regarding the equation of motion, integration by parts and flavor relations, is guaranteed by our algorithm [1, 2], whose validity for the LEFT with massive fermions involved is proved by a generalization of the amplitude-operator correspondence. At dimension 8 and 9, we list the 35058 (756) and 704584 (3686) operators for three (one) generations of fermions categorized by their baryon and lepton number violations (∆ B , ∆ L ), as these operators are of most phenomenological relevance.

A bstract In this work we explore the effect of rotation in the size of a traversable wormhole obtained via a double trace boundary deformation. We find that at fixed temperature the size of the wormhole increases with the angular momentum J/M ℓ . The amount of information that can be sent through the wormhole increases as well. However, for the type of interaction considered, the wormhole closes as the temperature approaches the extremal limit. We also briefly consider the scenario where the boundary coupling is not spatially homogeneous and show how this is reflected in the wormhole opening.

A bstract In the past, the study of the divergence structure of the holographic entanglement entropy on singular boundary regions uncovered cut-off independent coefficients. These coefficients were shown to be universal and to encode important field theory data. Inspired by these lessons we study the UV divergences of subregion complexity-action (CA) in a region with corner (kink). We develop a systematic approach to study all the divergence structures, and we emphasize that the counter term that restores reparameterization invariance on the null boundaries plays a crucial role in simplifying the results and rendering them more transparent. We find that a general form of subregion CA contains a part dependent on the null generator normalizations and a part that is independent of them. The former includes a volume contribution as well as an area contribution. We comment on the origin of the area term as entanglement entropy, and point out that its presence constitutes a robust difference between the two prescriptions to calculate subregion complexity (-action vs. -volume). We also find universal log δ divergence associated with the kink feature of the subregion. Similar flat angle limit as the subregion-CV result is obtained.

Primary microcephaly is caused by mutations in genes encoding centrosomal proteins including WDR62 and KIF2A. However, mechanisms underlying human microcephaly remain elusive. By creating mutant mice and human cerebral organoids, here we found that WDR62 deletion resulted in a reduction in the size of mouse brains and organoids due to the disruption of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), including outer radial glia (oRG). WDR62 ablation led to retarded cilium disassembly, long cilium, and delayed cell cycle progression leading to decreased proliferation and premature differentiation of NPCs. Mechanistically, WDR62 interacts with and promotes CEP170’s localization to the basal body of primary cilium, where CEP170 recruits microtubule-depolymerizing factor KIF2A to disassemble cilium. WDR62 depletion reduced KIF2A’s basal body localization, and enhanced KIF2A expression partially rescued deficits in cilium length and NPC proliferation. Thus, modeling microcephaly with cerebral organoids and mice reveals a WDR62-CEP170-KIF2A pathway promoting cilium disassembly, disruption of which contributes to microcephaly. Mutations in WDR62 are the second most common genetic cause of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, authors demonstrate that WDR62 depletion leads to neural precursor cell depletion and microcephaly via WDR62-CEP170-KIF2A pathway that promotes cilium disassembly.