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Purpose This study aims to explore tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences based on the grounded theory. Design/methodology/approach The use of purposive and snowball sampling methods was used to conduct 22 in-depth semi-structured interviews. The manuscript was analyzed based on the grounded theory. Findings This study identifies five tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experience, including information sharing, entertainment, self-presentation, monetary incentives and socialization. Information sharing and entertainment are identified as the most important motivations of travel livestreaming (TLS) among the motivations. Monetary incentive is identified as a new motivation for tourism live streamers compared to other social media users. Research limitations/implications This study provides valuable suggestions for livestreaming platforms and tourism product providers to attract more tourism live streamers and better serve them. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to offer empirical findings and discussions on tourism live streamers’ motivations of sharing their travel experiences. 目的 本研究旨在基于扎根理论探讨旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机。 设计/方法 使用目的性和滚雪球抽样方法进行了22个深入的半结构化访谈。 本研究采用扎根理论对数据进行分析。 发现 本研究发现了五种旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机, 包括信息共享、娱乐、自我展示、金钱激励和社交。信息共享和娱乐被认为是旅游直播最重要的动机。与其他社交媒体的用户相比, 货币激励被认为是旅游直播的新动机。 研究意义 本研究为直播平台和旅游产品提供商提供有用的建议, 以吸引更多的旅游直播者并更好地为他们服务。 创意/价值 这是对旅游直播主分享旅游体验的动机提供实证研究结果和讨论的首批研究之一。 Propósito este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las motivaciones de los transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir sus experiencias de viaje según la teoría fundamentada. Diseño/metodología/enfoque Des méthodes d'échantillonnage raisonné et boule de neige ont été utilisées pour mener 22 entrevues semi-structurées approfondies. Le manuscrit a été analysé sur la base de la théorie ancrée. Hallazgos este estudio identifica las motivaciones de cinco transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir su experiencia de viaje, incluido el intercambio de información, el entretenimiento, la autopresentación, los incentivos monetarios y la socialización. El intercambio de información y el entretenimiento se identifican como las motivaciones más importantes de la transmisión en vivo de viajes (TLS) entre las motivaciones. El incentivo monetario se identifica como una nueva motivación para el transmisor en vivo del turismo en comparación con los usuarios de otras redes sociales. Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación este estudio proporciona sugerencias útiles para que las plataformas de transmisión en vivo y los proveedores de productos turísticos atraigan a más transmisores turísticos en vivo y les brinden un mejor servicio. Originalidad/valor este es uno de los primeros estudios que ofrece hallazgos empíricos y debates sobre las motivaciones de los transmisores en vivo del turismo para compartir sus experiencias de viaje.

Purpose Proenvironmental hotels and hotels with green initiatives are emerging as a method to address environmental issues and respond to tourists’ environmental concerns. To better understand what can encourage reservations in proenvironmental hotels, this study aims to investigate the connection between the performing arts watching experience and the preference for such a hotel. Design/methodology/approach Five scenario-based experiments were conducted. A total of 1,024 participants for the five studies were recruited with the help of Credamo, a commonly used Chinese data collection platform. Findings The results indicated that viewing performing arts could increase tourists’ preferences for proenvironmental hotels. This phenomenon occurred due to the fact that performing arts watching experience can induce a psychological state of self-transcendence in individuals, which, in turn, can raise their levels of altruism, and ultimately lead to proenvironmental hotel choices. This effect will not occur, however, when people watch performing arts with either an extrinsic motivation or in an analytical state. Practical implications The findings of this study provide hotel managers with a novel approach to market the proenvironmental attributes of their hotels and to promote tourists’ proenvironmental behaviors. Originality/value This study proposes performing arts viewing experiences as a novel way to encourage proenvironmental hotel choice. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the impact of the performing arts watching experience on tourist behavior.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose and test a model that is composed of immersion, perceived attractiveness, happiness, satisfaction and behavioral intention in light of the extended cognitive-affective-conative model. Design/methodology/approach To test the suggested research model, 271 genuine on-site questionnaires were gathered. Findings Immersion was found to positively affect perceived attractiveness and happiness. It is also suggested that perceived attractiveness and happiness mediate the association between immersion and tourist satisfaction. Research limitations/implications This study also has advantageous marketing and management implications for destination managers and marketers to improve tourist satisfaction. Originality/value As per the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first study that inspects the mechanism by which how immersion influences tourist satisfaction. 目的 利用拓展的认知-情感-意动理论, 本研究旨在提出和测试一个将沉浸感、感知吸引力、幸福感和行为意图联系起来的模型。 设计/方法 本研究收集线下有效样本271份。 发现 本研究发现沉浸对感知吸引力和幸福感有正向影响。本研究还提出感知吸引力和幸福感在沉浸感和游客满意度之间的关系中起中介作用。 研究意义 本研究还为目的地营销人员提供有用的营销和管理启示, 以提高游客满意度。 创意/价值 这是探索沉浸感如何影响游客满意度的机制的研究首批研究之一。 Propósito Este estudio tiene como objetivo proponer y probar un modelo que vincula la inmersión, el atractivo percibido, la felicidad, la satisfacción y la intención de comportamiento basado en el modelo cognitivo-afectivo-conativo (CAC) extendido. Diseño/metodología/enfoque Se recogieron un total de 271 cuestionarios in situ válidos para probar el modelo de investigación propuesto. Hallazgos Se encontró que la inmersión afecta positivamente el atractivo y la felicidad percibidos. También se propone que el atractivo percibido y la felicidad median la relación entre la inmersión y la satisfacción del turista. Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación Este estudio también proporciona implicaciones útiles de marketing y gestión para que los comercializadores de destinos mejoren la satisfacción del turista. Originalidad/valor Este es el primer estudio que explora el mecanismo detrás de cómo la inmersión influye en la satisfacción del turista.

Purpose Drawing upon affective events theory (AET), this study aims to explore the relationship between tourists’ perceived deception and moral emotions, dissatisfaction, revisit intention and negative word of mouth. Design/methodology/approach Online data from Questionnaire Star were used to examine the proposed research model. A total of 437 valid questionnaires were collected. Findings The results suggest that tourist scams as “affective events” could trigger tourists’ moral emotions and dissatisfaction, thereby decreasing their revisit intention and generating negative word of mouth. Additionally, moral emotions were found to act as a mediator between perceived deception and dissatisfaction. Research limitations/implications The insights uncovered in this study reveal the mechanisms behind tourists’ reactions to scams and provide implications for tourism destinations, suggesting ways to alleviate the adverse impact of tourist scams. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first study to investigate tourists’ reactions to tourist scams. 旅游欺诈, 道德情感和游后行为：对道德情感, 不满, 重游意向和负面口碑的影响 目的 研究基于情感事件理论 (AET), 旨在探究游客的感知欺骗与道德情绪、不满、重游意向和负面口碑之间的关系。 设计/方法 通过问卷星收集的线上数据对研究模型进行了检验。共回收有效问卷437份。 发现 本研究的结果表明, 作为“情感事件”的旅游欺诈可能会引发游客的道德情绪和不满, 从而降低他们的重游意向, 并产生负面口碑。此外, 研究发现道德情绪在感知欺骗和不满之间发挥了中介作用。 研究意义 本研究揭示了游客对旅游欺诈的反应及其内在机制, 并提出了降低旅游欺诈负面影响的方法, 为旅游目的地提供了启示。 创意/价值 这是探索游客如何应对旅游欺诈事件的首批研究之一。 Estafas turísticas, emociones morales y comportamientos: impactos en las emociones morales, la insatisfacción, la intención de volver a visitar y el boca a boca negativo Resumen Propósito Basándose en la teoría de eventos afectivos (AET), este estudio buscó explorar la relación entre el engaño percibido por los turistas y las emociones morales, la insatisfacción, la intención de volver a visitar y el boca a boca negativo. Diseño/metodología/enfoque Para probar el modelo de investigación propuesto se utilizaron datos en línea procedentes de un cuestionario. Se recogieron un total de 437 cuestionarios válidos. Hallazgos Los resultados sugieren que las estafas turísticas como “eventos afectivos” podrían desencadenar emociones morales e insatisfacción en los turistas, disminuyendo así su intención de volver a visitar y generando un boca a boca negativo. Además, se encontró que las emociones morales actúan como mediadoras entre el engaño percibido y la insatisfacción. Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación Los conocimientos descubiertos en este estudio revelan los mecanismos detrás de las reacciones de los turistas a las estafas y brindan implicaciones para los destinos turísticos, sugiriendo formas de mitigar el impacto adverso de las estafas turísticas. Originalidad/valor Este es el primer estudio que examina las reacciones de los turistas a las estafas turísticas.

Personalized tourism recommendations have become an increasingly popular phenomenon over the last several years. Most existing research has examined the positive impacts of personalized tourism recommendations on consumers’ behaviors. This research, however, has explored the negative impact of personalized tourism recommendations on purchase intention based on the attribution theory. Four studies were conducted to examine when and why personalized tourism recommendations reduce purchase intention. It was found that the high frequency of personalized tourism recommendations can reduce tourists’ purchase intention and the main effect is mediated by attitudes towards the algorithm. Specifically, the high frequency of personalized tourism recommendations is more likely to cause tourists’ negative attitudes towards the algorithm. In addition, self-construal was identified as the moderator which suggested that the main effect is stronger for independent tourists. The findings not only extend the literature on personalized tourism recommendations, but also provide practical implications for destination marketing managers and travel-related platforms.

Three scenario-based experiments were conducted to explore the influence of the base option’s price format (just-at vs just-below) on tourists’ upgrade intention. The findings of this research indicated that tourists are more inclined to upgrade the option when the base option’s price is presented in a just-at condition due to the mediating role of tourists’ price perceptions of the upgrade option. This study discovered that the just-at (vs just-below) pricing strategy can lower tourists’ price perceptions of the upgrade choice. This research further explored the moderating of tourists’ mindsets. It was found the threshold-crossing effect will disappear for tourists with fixed mindsets. This study also provides practical implications for travel service providers to set up appropriate pricing strategies to attract tourists to make upgrade decisions.

PurposeSouvenirs have been repeatedly studied as both a subject and as a variable for other tourism-related phenomena, but research into this issue is fragmented. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to analyze souvenir in tourism to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. Second, this paper contributes to identifying the directions for future search through reviewing existing literature. This study is one of the first papers to offer a systematic overview of the key themes in tourism souvenir research. In addition to the key themes, this paper also offers insights into future souvenir research.

Given the widespread availability of mobile internet and smart phones, photo-sharing on social networking services (SNS) has attracted a great deal of academic attention. Even though the number of photos shared on SNS is still increasing due to the increasing number of SNS users, some existing SNS users have now stopped sharing their travel photos on SNS. To fill the research gap, this paper explores Chinese tourists’ barriers to sharing travel photos in WeChat. Based on 20 semi-structured interviews, this study identifies four barriers, including perceived risk, guanxi maintenance, personality, and disclosure. Given the importance of harmony in Chinese culture, this study also highlights the strong link between guanxi maintenance and Chinese visitors’ willingness to share travel photos in WeChat. This paper discusses both the theoretical contribution and the practical implications of this study in the conclusion section.

Purpose This research aims to use meta-analytical structural equation modeling to look into how hospitality employees use technology at work. It further investigates if the relationship between the constructs of the technology acceptance model (TAM) is moderated by job level (supervisory versus non-supervisory) and different cultures (eastern versus western). Design/methodology/approach In total, 140 relationships from 30 empirical studies (N = 6,728) were used in this study’s data analysis in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Findings The findings demonstrated that perceived usefulness had a greater influence on “user attitudes” and “acceptance intention” than perceived ease of use. This study also identified that the effect sizes of relationships among TAM constructs appeared to be greater for supervisory employees or in eastern cultures than for those in non-supervisory roles or western cultures. Practical implications The findings provide valuable information for practitioners to increase the adoption of employee technology. Practitioners need to focus on the identification of hospitality employee attitudes, social norms and perceived ease of use. Moreover, hospitality practitioners should be cautious when promoting the adoption of new technologies to employees, as those at different levels may respond differently. Originality/value This is the very first empirical investigation to meta-analyze the predictive power of the TAM in the context of hospitality staff technology adoption at the workplace. The findings also demonstrated differences in the predictive power of TAM constructs according to job level and cultural differences.

This study aims to identify Chinese tourism doctoral students’ motivations for staying overseas by using the push-pull model. Through purposive and snowball sampling, 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Chinese tourism overseas doctoral students or graduates. The results identify four motivations: academic related, individual related, overseas experience related, and family/friends related motivations. Theoretically, this study introduces a push-pull model relevant to the doctoral education programme that operationalizes what motivates and appeals to Chinese overseas doctoral students. Practically, this study provides valuable information for educational institutions in designing and promoting the doctoral programmes for international students.