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On 29 July 2025, a Mw 8.8 earthquake struck Kamchatka, ∼50 km from the 1952 Mw 9.0 megathrust hypocenter, exhibiting a comparable aftershock zone. We resolve the kinematic rupture process and slip distribution by combining teleseismic waveforms with high‐quality tsunami data. The main slip is concentrated in the southwestern segment within moderate to deeper depths, closely corresponding to areas that experienced few earthquakes over the past 73 years. In contrast, the 1952 event suggests a shallow, near‐trench rupture. The peak slip (∼14 m) exceeds the accumulated slip deficit since the 1952 event (∼6 m), implying the 2025 earthquake did not merely re‐rupture the 1952 zone, but released stress on a deeper patch that likely remained locked during the 1952 event. Our findings suggest a potential depth‐dependent cycle mode where the shallow and deeper domains can be activated on different sub‐cycles and partially complement each other to accommodate long‐term plate convergence.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short, usually positively charged polypeptides that exist in humans, animals, and plants. Considering the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens, the antimicrobial activity of AMPs has attracted much attention. AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi are an important defensive barrier against pathogens for many organisms. With continuing research, many other physiological functions of plant AMPs have been found in addition to their antimicrobial roles, such as regulating plant growth and development and treating many diseases with high efficacy. The potential applicability of plant AMPs in agricultural production, as food additives and disease treatments, has garnered much interest. This review focuses on the types of plant AMPs, their mechanisms of action, the parameters affecting the antimicrobial activities of AMPs, and their potential applications in agricultural production, the food industry, breeding industry, and medical field.

Melatonin, an indoleamine widely found in animals and plants, is considered as a candidate phytohormone that affects responses to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. In plants, melatonin has a similar action to that of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and IAA and melatonin have the same biosynthetic precursor, tryptophan. Salt stress results in the rapid accumulation of melatonin in plants. Melatonin enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: one is via direct pathways, such as the direct clearance of reactive oxygen species; the other is via an indirect pathway by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. In addition, melatonin can affect the performance of plants by affecting the expression of genes. Interestingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules associated with melatonin can also increase the tolerance of plants to salt stress. This paper explores the mechanisms by which melatonin alleviates salt stress by its actions on antioxidants, photosynthesis, ion regulation, and stress signaling.

s High- k metal oxide films are vital for the future development of microelectronics technology. In this work, ZrO 2 films were grown on silicon by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium and ozone as precursors. The relatively constant deposition rate of 0.125 nm/cycle is obtained within the ALD temperature window of 200–250 °C. The film thickness can be precisely controlled by regulating the number of ALD cycle. The ZrO 2 films formed at 200–250 °C have an O/Zr atomic ratio of 1.85–1.9 and a low content of carbon impurity. ZrO 2 film begins to crystallize in ALD process above 210 °C, and the crystal structure is changed from cubic and orthorhombic phases to monoclinic and orthorhombic phases with increasing the deposition temperature to 350 °C. Moreover, the effect of annealing temperature on dielectric properties of ZrO 2 film was studied utilizing ZrO 2 -based MIS device. The growth of the interface layer between ZrO 2 and Si substrate leads to the decrease in the capacitance and the leakage current of dielectric layer in the MIS device after 1000 °C annealing. ZrO 2 film exhibits the relatively high dielectric constant of 32.57 at 100 kHz and the low leakage current density of 3.3 × 10 −6  A cm −2 at 1 MV/cm.

The temperature of industrial gas containing harmful H2S can reach hundreds of degrees. However, few processes can be used directly for H2S removal from industrial high-temperature gas. In this work, three polyoxometalates with different central atoms ((n-Bu4N)3VMo12O40, (n-Bu4N)3PMo12O40, and (n-Bu4N)4[α-SiMo12O40]) were synthesized and dissolved in four ionic liquids (Bmim]Cl, [Bmim]HCO3, [Bmim]Mes, or [Bmim]OAc) for H2S removal from high-temperature (90–180 °C) gases. The result showed that (n-Bu4N)3VMo12O40/[Bmim]OAc exhibited the optimal desulfurization performance, maintaining more than 98.6% desulfurization efficiency within 10 h. The reacted desulfurization solution can be regenerated by blowing air. FT-IR and XPS results show that both the central atom V and the coordination atom Mo of the polyoxometalate are involved in the oxidation of H2S; after the regeneration by introducing air, V(+IV) and Mo(+IV) recovered to V(+V) and Mo(+VI), respectively. Our research shows that (n-Bu4N)3VMo12O40/[Bmim]OAc is an efficient, easy-to-regenerate, and suitable high-temperature gas desulfurization solution.

Background Soil salinization is becoming an increasingly serious problem worldwide, resulting in cultivated land loss and desertification, as well as having a serious impact on agriculture and the economy. The indoleamine melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has a wide array of biological roles in plants, including acting as an auxin analog and an antioxidant. Previous studies have shown that exogenous melatonin application alleviates the salt-induced growth inhibition in non-halophyte plants; however, to our knowledge, melatonin effects have not been examined on halophytes, and it is unclear whether melatonin provides similar protection to salt-exposed halophytic plants. Results We exposed the halophyte Limonium bicolor to salt stress (300 mM) and concomitantly treated the plants with 5 μM melatonin to examine the effect of melatonin on salt tolerance. Exogenous melatonin treatment promoted the growth of L. bicolor under salt stress, as reflected by increasing its fresh weight and leaf area. This increased growth was caused by an increase in net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Treatment of salt-stressed L. bicolor seedlings with 5 μM melatonin also enhanced the activities of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]), while significantly decreasing the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 •− ), and malondialdehyde (MDA). To screen for L. bicolor genes involved in the above physiological processes, high-throughput RNA sequencing was conducted. A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, the auxin-dependent signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) were highly expressed under melatonin treatment. These data indicated that melatonin improved photosynthesis, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated MAPK-mediated antioxidant responses, triggering a downstream MAPK cascade that upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Thus, melatonin improves the salt tolerance of L. bicolor by increasing photosynthesis and improving cellular redox homeostasis under salt stress. Conclusions Our results showed that melatonin can upregulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging and mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) of L. bicolor under salt stress, which can improve photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Thus melatonin can promote the growth of the species and maintain the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species to alleviate salt stress.

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) constitutes a malignant cutaneous neoplasm characterized by an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. Over the past years, necroptosis, a manifestation of inflammatory programmed cell demise, has gained substantial traction in its application. However, a conclusive correlation between the expression of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) and SKCM patient's prognosis remains elusive. In this endeavor, we have undertaken an integrative analysis of genomic data, aiming to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the intricate interplay between melanoma necroptosis and immune-infiltration nuances within the tumor microenvironment. Through meticulous scrutiny, we have endeavored to discern the prognostic potency harbored by individual necroptosis-associated genes. Our efforts culminated in the establishment of a risk stratification framework, allowing for the appraisal of necroptosis irregularities within each afflicted cutaneous melanoma patient. Notably, those SKCM patients classified within the low-risk cohort exhibited a markedly elevated survival quotient, in stark contrast to their high-risk counterparts ( p  < 0.001). Remarkably, the low-risk cohort not only displayed a more favorable survival rate but also exhibited an enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapeutic interventions, relative to their high-risk counterparts. The outcomes of this investigation proffer insights into a conceivable mechanistic underpinning linking necroptosis-related attributes to the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment. This prompts a conjecture regarding the plausible association between necroptosis characteristics and the broader tumor microenvironmental milieu. However, it is imperative to emphasize that the pursuit of discerning whether the expression profiles of NRG genes can indeed be regarded as viable therapeutic targets necessitates further comprehensive exploration and scrutiny. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate interrelationship between necroptosis-related factors and the tumor microenvironment, potentially opening avenues for therapeutic interventions. However, the prospect of translating these findings into clinical applications mandates rigorous investigation.

A bifunctional electrocatalyst with high efficiency and low costs for overall water splitting is critical to achieving a green hydrogen economy and coping with the energy crisis. However, developing robust electrocatalysts still faces huge challenges, owing to unsatisfactory electron transfer and inherent activity. Herein, NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 heterojunctions have been designed as freestanding bifunctional electrocatalysts to split water, exhibiting enhanced electron transfer and abundant catalytic sites. The optimum NiFe LDH/NiS2/VS2 electrocatalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 380 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting and superior electrocatalytic performance in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER). Specifically, the electrocatalyst requires overpotentials of 76 and 286 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, in alkaline electrolytes, which originate from the synergistic interaction among the facilitated electron transfer and increasingly exposed active sites due to the modulation of interfaces and construction of heterojunctions.

Aim To explore latent classes of HIV prevention life skills and identify their multi-level factors among Chinese university students based on the Health Ecology Model. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong Province between May and July 2025. Methods HIV prevention life skills, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward HIV/AIDS, AIDS phobia, family support, and peer relationships were assessed using the HIV Prevention Life Skills Scale, the HIV Health Education Knowledge Questionnaire, the Adolescent AIDS Attitude Questionnaire, the Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale, the Family APGAR Index, and the Peer Relationship Scale. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify distinct classes of HIV prevention life skills among university students. Subsequent analyses, including chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and multivariate logistic regression, were then conducted to characterize these classes and explore their influencing factors. Results A total of 677 university students were enrolled in the study. Four distinct latent classes were identified: the low skill group, the low risk awareness group, the low negotiation skill group, and the high skill group, comprising 6.4%, 9.7%, 19.4%, and 64.5% of each class, respectively. The low-skill group membership was influenced by gender, HIV/AIDS knowledge, family support, and peer relationships; the low-risk awareness group by HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived HIV risk, family support, and major (non-medical); and the low-negotiation skill group by peer relationships (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Distinct profiles of HIV prevention life skills among Chinese university students require subgroup-specific interventions. Collaborative efforts between universities and public health entities should be tailored to address the unique risk and protective factors of each subgroup.

Far‐red phosphors have emerged as a desirable research hotspot owing to their critical role in promoting plant growth. Especially, Eu3+ ions typically present the 5D0→7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions, which overlap with the far‐red light required for plant photosynthesis. However, achieving high‐efficiency far‐red emission of Eu3+ remains challenging due to weak 5D0→7F4 transition and concentration quenching. The study constructs two anomalously efficient far‐red garnet phosphors A3Sc2C3O12 (A = Y3+, Gd3+. C = Al3+, Ga3+):Eu3+. A high‐resolution STEM measurement equipped with an aberration corrector provides the direct proofs for both the [EuO8] configuration‐dependent strong 5D0→7F4 and the origin of high quenching concentration. Excitedly, a two‐component substitution (replacing Y3+‐Al3+ with Gd3+‐Ga3+) triggers a near‐unity internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 99.01%) and high external quantum efficiency (EQE = 38.73%) in Gd3Sc2Ga3O12:60%Eu3+, resulting from the effective modulation of 5D0→7F4/7F2 transitions. A far‐red LEDs device based on Gd3Sc2Ga3O12:60%Eu3+ exhibits an output power of 113 mW at 300 mA. Subsequently, practical applications for promoting plant growth underscore the significance of these findings. This work opens a new path for the development of highly efficient far‐red phosphors via the synergistic effect of Eu3+ square antiprism configuration and high quenching concentration. Two isostructural garnet phosphors A3Sc2C3O12 (A = Y3+, Gd3+. C = Al3+, Ga3+):Eu3+ are developed to deal with the puzzles of weak 5D0→7F4 transition and concentration quenching. Advanced STEM technology provides the direct proofs for both the [EuO8] configuration‐dependent strong 5D0→7F4 and the origin of high quenching concentration. Meanwhile, the 5D0→7F4/7F2 transition is effectively modulated to realize a near‐unity IQE.