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Background Cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancer, is associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism. Recent studies have increasingly compared direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for treating venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of DOACs compared to LMWH for VTE in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from the inception to February 20, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies comparing the effect of DOACs with LMWH on VTE recurrence, clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and major bleeding among patients with active gastrointestinal cancer suffering from VTE. Results Finally, 13 studies, including 8 cohort studies and 5 RCTs, were included. The random-effects model revealed that compared to using LMWH, the risk of VTE recurrence (risk ratio (RR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.59, 0.97), I 2  = 0.00%) was significantly decreased and the risk of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR 1.64, 95% CI (1.10, 2.45), I 2  = 59.79%) was significantly increased when using DOACs; however, the risk of major bleeding (RR 1.16, 95% CI (0.86, 1.56), I 2  = 28.51%) did not significantly change. RCTs suggested no significant change (RR 0.80, 95% CI (0.50, 1.27), I 2  = 0.00%) in the risk of VTE recurrence, but cohort studies indicated a decreased risk (RR 0.73, 95% CI (0.54, 0.99), I 2  = 0.00%) of VTE recurrence when using DOACs instead of LMWH. Both cohort studies (RR 1.02, 95% CI (0.75, 1.39), I 2  = 20.43%) and RCTs (RR 1.65, 95% CI (0.89, 3.07), I 2  = 26.59%) showed no significant difference in the risk of major bleeding when using DOACs instead of LMWH. RCTs showed an elevated risk (RR 2.32, 95% CI (1.48, 3.64), I 2  = 0.00%) of clinically relevant non-major bleeding when using DOACs, but cohort studies reported no significant change (RR 1.40, 95% CI (0.86, 2.29), I 2  = 60.84%) in the risk of clinically relevant non-major bleeding. Conclusion Among patients with gastrointestinal cancer, compared to LMWH, DOACs may not increase the risk of VTE recurrence and major bleeding, but may increase the risk of clinically relevant non-major bleeding.

Background The most widely used anti-malarial drug artemisinin (ART) is metabolized extensively, but the therapeutic capacity of its major metabolite remains unknown. Whether the major metabolite of ART (ART-M) contributes to its antiplasmodial potency was investigated in this study. Methods The metabolite identification and enzyme phenotyping of ART were performed using human liver microsomes (HLMs). The stereostructure of the major metabolite ART-M was elucidated by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The anti-malarial activity of ART-M against two reference Plasmodium strains ( Pf 3D7 and Pf Dd2) was evaluated. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ART and its metabolite ART-M were investigated in healthy Chinese subjects after a recommended two-day oral dose of ART plus piperaquine. Pharmacodynamic parameters based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 50 ) and free plasma concentration were employed to evaluate the therapeutic potency of ART-M, including f AUC 0-t /MIC 50 , f C max /MIC 50 and T > MIC 50 . Results A major metabolite 10β-hydroxyartemisinin (ART-M) was found for ART in human, and CYP3A4/3A5 was the major enzymes responsible for ART 10β-hydroxylation. Compared with ART (MIC 50 , 10.1 nM against Pf 3D7), weaker antiplasmodial activity was found for ART-M (MIC 50 , 61.4 nM against Pf 3D7). However, a 3.5-fold higher maximal free plasma concentration was achieved for ART-M ( f C max , 180.0 nM vs. 51.8 nM for ART). ART-M displayed comparable antiplasmodial potency to ART, in terms of f AUC 0-t /MIC 50 (12.5 h), f C max /MIC 50 (2.8) and T > MIC 50 (5 h). Conclusions The major metabolite 10β-hydroxyartemisinin contributes to the antiplasmodial efficacy of ART, which should be considered when evaluation of ART dosing regimens and/or clinical outcomes.

Artificial water channels (AWCs) have been well investigated, and the imidazole-quartet water channel is one of the representative channels. In this work, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composite membranes were fabricated through assembling COF layers and imidazole-quartet water channel. The membranes were synthesized by interfacial polymerization and self-assembly process, using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration substrates with artificial water channels (HC6H) as modifiers. Effective combination of COF layers and imidazole-quartet water channels provide the membrane with excellent performance. The as-prepared membrane exhibits a water permeance above 271.7 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, and high rejection rate (>99.5%) for CR. The results indicated that the composite structure based on AWCs and COFs may provide a new idea for the development of high-performance membranes for dye separation.

In this work, the laboratory-made flame-retardant polyvinyl alcohol adhesive was used to prepare flame-retardant plywood made with eucalyptus, birch and poplar respectively, and the effect of tree species on the Thermogravimetric behavior and flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant plywood was studied. Thermogravimetric behavior of the flame-retardant plywood prepared by eucalyptus, birch and poplar showed that poplar plywood had highest thermostability.The results of the SBI test are consistent with the results of the LOI test and Thermogravimetric analysis, both indicated that the tree species had a significant effect on the flame-retardant properties of the flame-retardant plywood, the flame-retardant plywood made with poplar veneer has the highest LOI value, lowest HRR value and lowest THR value.

A novel environment-friendly inorganic fireproof adhesive was prepared with sodium silicate, fumed silica, light calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide by high-speed mixing and ball milling. The bond strength, formaldehyde and VOC emissions, thermal properties and fire performance of such adhesive were investigated. The bond strength of the adhesive was increased with the adding of the fumed silica, which reached 1.8 MPa when the amount of fumed silica was 1.5 wt.%. Formaldehyde and VOC emissions of this adhesive were far lower than those of the requirements in Chinese standards. The combustion grade of this adhesive could achieve A1 and its smoke toxicity grade could achieve AQ 1 , which was the safest grade of flammability for building materials.

Large-scale new energy pressures on the grids bring challenges to power system's security and stability. In order to optimize the user's electricity consumption behavior and ease pressure, which is caused by new energy on the grid, this paper proposes a time-of-use price model that takes wind power uncertainty into account. First, the interval prediction method is used to predict wind power. Then typical wind power scenes are selected by random sampling and bisecting the K-means algorithm. On this basis, integer programming is used to divide the peak-valley period of the multi-scenes load. Finally, under the condition of many factors such as user response based on consumer psychology, user electricity charge and power consumption, this paper takes the peak-valley difference of equivalent net load and the user dissatisfaction degree as the goal, and using the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm, evaluates the Pareto solution set to obtain the optimal solution. In order to test the validity of the model proposed in this paper, we apply it to an industrial user and wind farms in Yan'an city, China. The results show that the model can effectively ensure the user's electrical comfort while achieving the role of peak shaving and valley filling.

•β-glucans are biological response modifiers with rich sources and diverse structures.•Extensive studies of β-glucan have been carried out to demonstrate its adjuvant activity on anti-infection vaccination and anti-tumor therapy.•The immunoadjuvant effects of β-glucans are mainly depending on the recognition of specific receptors such as dectin-1 and CR3. β-glucans, a group of polysaccharides exist in many organism species such as mushrooms, yeasts, oats, barley, seaweed, but not mammalians, have a variety of biological activities and applications in drugs and other healthcare products. In recent years, β-glucans have been studied as adjuvants in anti-infection vaccines as well as immunomodulators in anti-cancer immunotherapy. β-glucans can regulate immune responses when administered alone and can connect innate and adaptive immunity to improve immunogenicity of vaccines. When β-glucans act as immunostimulants or adjuvants, a set of receptors have been revealed to recognize β-glucans, including dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), CD5, lactosylceramide, and so on. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on the application of β-glucans as immune adjuvants, the receptors of β-glucans, as well as their structure and activity relationship which will benefit future research of β-glucans.

Power system load forecasting is an important part of power system scheduling. Since the power system load is easily affected by environmental factors such as weather and time, it has high volatility and multi-frequency. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a load forecasting method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and feature correlation analysis. Firstly, the original load sequence is decomposed using VMD to obtain a series of intrinsic mode function (IMF), it is referred to below as a modal component, and they are divided into high frequency, intermediate frequency, and low frequency signals according to their fluctuation characteristics. Then, the feature information related to the power system load change is collected, and the correlation between each IMF and each feature information is analyzed using the maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) based on the mutual information to obtain the best feature set of each IMF. Finally, each component is input into the prediction model together with its feature set, in which back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to predict high-frequency components, least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM) is used to predict intermediate and low frequency components, and BPNN is also used to integrate the prediction results to obtain the final load prediction value, and compare the prediction results of method in this paper with that of the prediction models such as autoregressive moving average model (ARMA), LS-SVM, BPNN, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and VMD. This paper carries out an example analysis based on the data of Xi’an Power Grid Corporation, and the results show that the prediction accuracy of method in this paper is higher.

Photovoltaic output is affected by solar irradiance, ambient temperature, instantaneous cloud cluster, etc., and the output sequence shows obvious intermittent and random features, which creates great difficulty for photovoltaic output prediction. Aiming at the problem of low predictability of photovoltaic power generation, a combined photovoltaic output prediction method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) and deep belief network (DBN) is proposed. The method uses VMD to decompose the photovoltaic output sequence into modal components of different characteristics, and determines the main characteristic factors of each modal component by mRMR, and the DBN model is used to fit the modal components and the corresponding characteristic factors, then the predicted results of each modal component is superimposed to obtain the predicted value of the photovoltaic output. By using the data of a certain photovoltaic power station in Yunnan for comparative experiments, it is found that the model proposed in this paper improves the prediction accuracy of photovoltaic output.

In this paper, we research a partial differential equation with three complex variables. According to the theory of singular differential equations, it is proved by direct calculation that it has a special form of formal power series solution.