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Since the safety and stability of the original tunnel structure are easily affected by the adjacent foundation pit excavation, it is strongly necessary to study the deformation evolution of tunnels during the adjacent foundation pit excavation. With regard to the two cases that tunnel is adjacently located at the right and bottom of foundation pit, the influence of different supporting methods, including pile support, bolt support, pile-bolt support, and shotcrete-bolt support, on the tunnel stability was investigated on the basis of the whole excavation process numerical simulation of deep foundation pit for determining the best foundation pit supporting beneficial to the stability of adjacent tunnel. The results indicate that both one-step excavation and multistep excavation have great influences on the displacement of adjacent tunnels, wherein the influences on the tunnel located at the right of foundation pit are greater than those at the bottom of foundation pit. Multistep excavation is recommended for the foundation pit adjacent to shallow tunnel. In the case of the tunnel located on the bottom of the foundation pit, the maximum stress generated around the tunnel is small, the maximum stress area is limited, and the displacement of tunnel monitoring points is also small. For the tunnel located at the right of the foundation pit, the pile-bolt supporting can effectively limit the displacement of soil between the tunnel and the foundation pit, reduce the maximum stress and the maximum stress distribution area, and effectively control the tunnel displacement.

The efficacy and safety of misoprostol alone for missed abortion varied with different regimens. To evaluate existing evidence for the medical management of missed abortion using misoprostol, we undertook a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. The electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost Online Research Databases, Springer Link, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Ovid Medline and Google Scholar. 18 studies of 1802 participants were included in our analysis. Compared with vaginal misoprostol of 800 ug or sublingual misoprostol of 600 ug, lower-dose regimens (200 ug or 400 ug) by any route of administration tend to be significantly less effective in producing abortion within about 24 hours. In terms of efficacy, the most effective treatment was sublingual misoprostol of 600 ug and the least effective was oral misoprostol of 400 ug. In terms of tolerability, vaginal misoprostol of 400 ug was reported with fewer side effects and sublingual misoprostol of 600 ug was reported with more side effects. Misoprostol is a non-invasive, effective medical method for completion of abortion in missed abortion. Sublingual misoprostol of 600 ug or vaginal misoprostol of 800 ug may be a good choice for the first dose. The ideal dose and medication interval of misoprostol however needs to be further researched.

From the perspective of macroscopic scale, the majority of natural rock mass should be categorized as non-penetrating jointed rock mass. The existing researches in the field of scale effect of joint properties were mainly implemented on penetrating joints, which contradicts engineering practice, and is of high possibility to make the strength estimation of large natural jointed rock mass inaccurate, leading to serious loss of life and property. In response to such case, a series of numerical calculations of direct shear test on non-penetrating horizontal rock-like joints with different scales were carried out by PFC in this paper, to investigate the scale effect of shear mechanical properties of non-penetrating horizontal rock-like joints. First, the model microparameters were calibrated by three physical experiments to guarantee the precise reproduction of the mechanical performances of target rock and joint. Next, the particle parameters (average particle size dave and radius ratio μ) of model were changed, the effect of particle size on joint strength was studied by direct shear calculation, and the determining method for the values of dave and μ was suggested. Then, based on two distribution forms of non-penetrating horizontal rock-like joint (type I and type II joints), the numerical shear tests were conducted on jointed rock models with different persistence rations and model scales, and the variations of shear stress displacement curve and strength characteristics were analyzed. The results indicate: The lower the persistence ration λ of the joint, the more obvious the negative scale effect of joint shear strength. Besides, the scale effect of shear strength gradually decreases when λ > 0.5 for type I joints while λ > 0.8 for type II joints and the scale effects of joint strength parameters only emerge in the case of λ < 0.2.

The development of advanced high-power-density laser-driven light source requires durable and color-tunable inorganic phosphor-in-glass film composites as color converter. One challenge remains for the phosphor-in-glass film is the thermal erosion and degradation of phosphor, as harsh condition or long duration time is required to densify the film for conventional sintering. Here we develop a rapid thermal annealing technique that achieves high film densification (porosity < 3%) within seconds utilizing high-power (>10 kW) infrared irradiation. As demonstrated by high-resolution electron microscopy observation, a trivial interfacial reaction occurs, leading to almost intact phosphor particles and thus restrained luminous loss. For instance, the red-emitting Sr 0.8 Ca 0.2 AlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ exhibits a record internal quantum efficiency of 91.2% in the processed film and achieves a luminous flux of 2379 lm and efficacy of 140 lm W −1 after fabricating a phosphor wheel. This method reduces energy consumption, enables high-throughput screening, and offers material universality and design flexibility, paving the way for new opto-functional materials and applications. High-power laser lighting requires stable phosphor-in-glass films, but conventional sintering damages phosphors. Here, the authors develop infrared annealing which enables seconds-scale fabrication, minimizes interfacial damage and retains luminescence.

Joints and fissures with similar orientation or characteristics are common in natural rocks; the inclination and density of the fissures affect the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of the rock mass. However, the strength, crack coalescence pattern, and failure mode of rock specimens containing multi-fissures have not been studied comprehensively. In this paper, combining similar material testing and discrete element numerical method (PFC2D), the peak strength and failure characteristics of rock-like materials with multi-fissures are explored. Rock-like specimens were made of cement and sand and pre-existing fissures created by inserting steel shims into cement mortar paste and removing them during curing. The peak strength of multi-fissure specimens depends on the fissure angle α (which is measured counterclockwise from horizontal) and fissure number ( N f ). Under uniaxial compressional loading, the peak strength increased with increasing α . The material strength was lowest for α  = 25°, and highest for α  = 90°. The influence of N f on the peak strength depended on α . For α  = 25° and 45°, N f had a strong effect on the peak strength, while for higher α values, especially for the 90° sample, there were no obvious changes in peak strength with different N f . Under uniaxial compression, the coalescence modes between the fissures can be classified into three categories: S-mode, T-mode, and M-mode. Moreover, the failure mode can be classified into four categories: mixed failure, shear failure, stepped path failure, and intact failure. The failure mode of the specimen depends on α and N f . The peak strength and failure modes in the numerically simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

Protein phosphatase PPM1B, a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family, has been implicated in various human cancers. In this study, our objective was to investigate the role of PPM1B in GC growth and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that PPM1B expression was downregulated in GC tissues, and higher levels of PPM1B expression were associated with improved overall survival in GC patients. Overexpression of PPM1B significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and suppressed tumor growth. Conversely, knockdown or knockout of PPM1B yielded opposite effects. Mechanistically, we identified that PPM1B exerted its inhibitory role in GC cell growth and cell cycle regulation through the TRIM25/PPM1B/CDK2 signaling pathway. Specifically, we demonstrated that TRIM25 physically interacts with PPM1B, leading to enhanced degradation of PPM1B and subsequent modulation of CDK2 phosphorylation and GC cell growth. PPM1B emerges as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC. These findings hold clinical significance by offering opportunities to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for GC patients. Furthermore, this study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis and progression of GC, expanding our understanding of this disease.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Patients who underwent THA in the Department of Joint Surgery at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively selected based on inclusion criteria. They were divided into the DVT group ( n  = 65) and the non-DVT group ( n  = 397) according to the occurrence of postoperative DVT. The following variables were reviewed for both groups: age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), affected limb, previous history (smoking and drinking), diabetes, hypertension, operation time, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, albumin, platelets, D-dimer, International Normalized Ratio (INR), and fibrin degradation products. Univariate analysis was conducted on these factors, and those with statistical significance were further analyzed using a binary logistic regression model to assess their correlation with DVT after THA. Results A total of 462 patients were included in the study, with the DVT group representing approximately 14% and the non-DVT group approximately 86%. The DVT group had an average age of 67.27 ± 4.10 years, while the non-DVT group had an average age of 66.72 ± 8.69 years. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in diabetes mellitus, preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, preoperative INR, and preoperative and postoperative fibrin degradation products between the DVT and non-DVT groups. Binary logistic regression analysis identified diabetes mellitus, elevated preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, and preoperative INR ( p  < 0.05) as risk factors for DVT after THA. Conclusion This study found that diabetes mellitus, elevated preoperative fibrinogen, preoperative D-dimer, and preoperative INR are independent risk factors for DVT following THA. Surgeons should thoroughly assess these risk factors, implement timely and effective interventions, and guide patients to engage in functional exercises as early as possible to reduce the incidence of DVT, thereby improving the outcomes of THA and improving patient quality of life.

Extracellular matrix stiffening is a quintessential feature of cartilage aging, a leading cause of knee osteoarthritis. Yet, the downstream molecular and cellular consequences of age-related biophysical alterations are poorly understood. Here, we show that epigenetic regulation of α-Klotho represents a novel mechanosensitive mechanism by which the aged extracellular matrix influences chondrocyte physiology. Using mass spectrometry proteomics followed by a series of genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we discovered that increased matrix stiffness drove Klotho promoter methylation, downregulated Klotho gene expression, and accelerated chondrocyte senescence in vitro. In contrast, exposing aged chondrocytes to a soft matrix restored a more youthful phenotype in vitro and enhanced cartilage integrity in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that age-related alterations in extracellular matrix biophysical properties initiate pathogenic mechanotransductive signaling that promotes Klotho promoter methylation and compromises cellular health. These findings are likely to have broad implications even beyond cartilage for the field of aging research. Matrix stiffening is a quintessential feature of aged tissues. Authors show that an aged (stiff) matrix epigenetically represses the gene encoding the longevity factor, α-Klotho, resulting in chondrocyte dysfunction, a leading cause of osteoarthritis.

This paper proposes a novel regional carbon emission inequality (RCI) index based on a special kind of general distribution. Using the proposed RCI index and based on China’s county-level panel data over the time span of 1997–2017, the regional carbon emission inequality of China is evaluated at intra-provincial, sub-national, and national levels. Based on that, the dependence between regional carbon inequality and carbon efficiency is studied by using copula functions and nonlinear dependence measures. The empirical results show that: (1) Shanghai, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia have the worst carbon inequalities; while Hainan, Qinghai, and Jiangxi are the three most carbon-equal provinces; (2) there is a divergence phenomenon in RCI values of municipalities over the past decade; (3) from the national-level perspective, the inter-provincial carbon emission inequality is much greater than that at the intra-provincial level; (4) from the sub-national-level perspective, the east region has the highest RCI value, followed by the northeast, west, and the central regions; (5) there is a so-called \"efficiency-equality (E-E) trade-off\" in each provincial administrative unit, meaning that the higher carbon efficiency generally comes with higher carbon inequality, i.e., carbon efficiency comes at a price of carbon inequality; and (6) by re-grouping provincial units via the efficiency-equality cost and industrial structure, respectively, both carbon equality and carbon efficiency can be achieved in some regions simultaneously, thereby getting out of the “E-E trade-off” dilemma. The empirical evidence may provide valuable insight regarding the topic of “equality and efficiency” in environmental economics, and offer policy implications for regional economic planning and coordination.

Background Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and nadroparin calcium are commonly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following joint replacement surgery. In this study, we compared the effects of tranexamic acid combined with either LMWH or nadroparin calcium in preventing DVT after joint replacement surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent unilateral THA/TKA at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2021 to June 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the anticoagulant used: Tranexamic Acid + Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin group ( n  = 80) and Tranexamic Acid + Nadroparin Calcium group ( n  = 85), both treated for 2 weeks. The perioperative indicators [blood loss, hospital stay, operation time, transfusion rate, transfusion volume, and total hospitalization cost], complications DVT, muscle compartment vein thrombosis (MCVT), incision infection, pulmonary thromboembolism, and postoperative hematoma], coagulation indicators [D-dimer, prothrombin activity, international normalized ratio, and fibrinogen], hematological parameters [platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit], and inflammatory factors [procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)] were compared between the two groups. Result The preoperative indicators of both groups were statistically indistinguishable ( P  > 0.05). Comparisons of intraoperative blood loss, overt blood loss, covert blood loss, total blood loss, hospital stay duration, operation time, transfusion rate, and transfusion volume showed no significant differences between the groups ( P  > 0.05). The TXA + LMWH group exhibited significantly lower D-dimer, PT activity, international normalized ratio, and fibrinogen levels on postoperative days 1 and 5 compared to the TXA + Nadroparine group, with significant differences observed ( P  < 0.05). No significant differences between the two groups were found in platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, PCT, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels on postoperative days 1 and 5 ( P  > 0.05). The total hospitalization costs in the TXA + LMWH group were significantly lower than those in the TXA + Nadroparine group, with a significant difference ( P  < 0.05). Conclusion This study found that the clinical efficacy and safety of the TXA + Nadroparine and TXA + LMWH groups were basically the same after joint replacement surgery. However, the TXA + LMWH group demonstrated better prevention of thrombosis and significantly lower overall hospitalization costs compared to the TXA + Nadroparine group.