Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
19,804
result(s) for
"Lin, Jian"
Sort by:
تعرف على 5000 عام من تاريخ الصين : نحو قراءة ميسرة لتاريخ الصين
يضم الكتاب قصص من تاريخ الصين القديم ذلك البلد الذي يعد من أقدم حضارات العالم التي يعود تاريخها إلى ما قبل خمسة آلاف عام حيث يجمع الكتاب بين المعرفة والمتعة والإبداع ويحتوي على نصوص من معارف تاريخية وجزءا خاصا بالثقافة يعمل على توسيع الأفق المعرفي للقراء ويعتمد الكتاب في طرح أفكاره بطريقة قص الحكايات كأسلوب لسرد الأحداث التاريخية كما يحتوي على مجموعة هائلة من الصور مما يزيد من شغف القارئ.
BOOK
Resolving nanostructure and chemistry of solid-electrolyte interphase on lithium anodes by depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays crucial roles for the reversible operation of lithium metal batteries. However, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution is still limited. Herein, we develop a depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (DS-PERS) method to enable in-situ and nondestructive characterization of the nanostructure and chemistry of SEI, based on synergistic enhancements of localized surface plasmons from nanostructured Cu, shell-isolated Au nanoparticles and Li deposits at different depths. We monitor the sequential formation of SEI in both ether-based and carbonate-based dual-salt electrolytes on a Cu current collector and then on freshly deposited Li, with dramatic chemical reconstruction. The molecular-level insights from the DS-PERS study unravel the profound influences of Li in modifying SEI formation and in turn the roles of SEI in regulating the Li-ion desolvation and the subsequent Li deposition at SEI-coupled interfaces. Last, we develop a cycling protocol that promotes a favorable direct SEI formation route, which significantly enhances the performance of anode-free Li metal batteries.
The solid-electrolyte interphase is crucial for most batteries, but its characterization is challenging. Here, authors develop a depth-sensitive plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy method to enable in-situ and nondestructive resolving of its structure and chemistry as well as formation mechanisms.
Journal Article
The contribution of ocular residual astigmatism to anterior corneal astigmatism in refractive astigmatism eyes
To determine the distribution of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) in astigmatic eyes and the influence on the anterior corneal (ACA) and refractive astigmatism (RA). A total of 165 children met the inclusion criteria. Right eyes’ data were analyzed. Using Thibos vector analysis to calculate ORA. Spearman correlation analysis was used to obtain the correlation between the magnitude of ORA, ACA and RA. The median magnitude of ORA in astigmatic eyes was 0.57 D, with interquartile range was 0.42 D. And they were main against-the-rule (57.6–75.8%) and oblique astigmatism (13.9–34.5%) ORA. The ORA in 140 eyes (84.8%) acted as an offset to ACA, meanwhile, 25 eyes (15.2%) superimposed it. About 98% (97.9–98.4%) against-the-rule and 75% (73.9–82.5%) oblique ORA counteracted ACA, nevertheless, all with-the-rule ORA had a superimposed effect on ACA. For with-the-rule ACA, about 86% (85.4–85.9%) ORA worked to offset it. There was statistically correlations between ORA and ACA (
r
= 0.17,
P
= 0.03), ORA and RA (
r
= − 0.27,
P
= 0.001). The magnitude of ocular residual astigmatism was relatively small in children’s astigmatic eyes. Both against-the-rule and oblique ORA can counteract with-the-rule ACA.
Journal Article
Automatic detection of 39 fundus diseases and conditions in retinal photographs using deep neural networks
Retinal fundus diseases can lead to irreversible visual impairment without timely diagnoses and appropriate treatments. Single disease-based deep learning algorithms had been developed for the detection of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Here, we developed a deep learning platform (DLP) capable of detecting multiple common referable fundus diseases and conditions (39 classes) by using 249,620 fundus images marked with 275,543 labels from heterogenous sources. Our DLP achieved a frequency-weighted average F1 score of 0.923, sensitivity of 0.978, specificity of 0.996 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9984 for multi-label classification in the primary test dataset and reached the average level of retina specialists. External multihospital test, public data test and tele-reading application also showed high efficiency for multiple retinal diseases and conditions detection. These results indicate that our DLP can be applied for retinal fundus disease triage, especially in remote areas around the world.
Systems for automatic detection of a single disease may miss other important conditions. Here, the authors show a deep learning platform can detect 39 common retinal diseases and conditions.
Journal Article
Global incidence and mortality trends of gastric cancer and predicted mortality of gastric cancer by 2035
Objective
To study the historical global incidence and mortality trends of gastric cancer and predicted mortality of gastric cancer by 2035.
Methods
Incidence data were retrieved from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) volumes I-XI, and mortality data were obtained from the latest update of the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. We used join-point regression analysis to examine historical incidence and mortality trends and used the package NORDPRED in R to predict the number of deaths and mortality rates by 2035 by country and sex.
Results
More than 1,089,000 new cases of gastric cancer and 769,000 related deaths were reported in 2020. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in the incidence of gastric cancer from 2003 to 2012 among the male population, South Korea, Japan, Malta, Canada, Cyprus, and Switzerland showed an increasing trend (
P
> 0.05); among the female population, Canada [AAPC, 1.2; (95%Cl, 0.5–2),
P
< 0.05] showed an increasing trend; and South Korea, Ecuador, Thailand, and Cyprus showed an increasing trend (
P
> 0.05). AAPC in the mortality of gastric cancer from 2006 to 2015 among the male population, Thailand [3.5 (95%cl, 1.6–5.4),
P
< 0.05] showed an increasing trend; Malta Island, New Zealand, Turkey, Switzerland, and Cyprus had an increasing trend (
P
> 0.05); among the male population aged 20–44, Thailand [AAPC, 3.4; (95%cl, 1.3–5.4),
P
< 0.05] showed an increasing trend; Norway, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Slovakia, France, Colombia, Lithuania, and the USA showed an increasing trend (
P
> 0.05). It is predicted that the mortality rate in Slovenia and France’s female population will show an increasing trend by 2035. It is predicted that the absolute number of deaths in the Israeli male population and in Chile, France, and Canada female population will increase by 2035.
Conclusion
In the past decade, the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have shown a decreasing trend; however, there are still some countries showing an increasing trend, especially among populations younger than 45 years. Although mortality in most countries is predicted to decline by 2035, the absolute number of deaths due to gastric cancer may further increase due to population growth.
Journal Article
Vascular access type and prognosis in elderly hemodialysis patients: a propensity-score-matched study
To compare the impact of tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) on outcomes in elderly hemodialysis (HD) patients.
A retrospective matched cohort study was performed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance the baseline conditions, and we compared all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), hospitalization, and infection rates between AVF and TCC patients ≥70 years old. Cox survival analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for death.
There were 2119 patients from our center in the Chinese National Renal Data System (CNRDS) between 1 January 2010 and 10 October 2023. Among these patients, 77 TCC patients were matched with 77 AVF patients. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the TCC and AVF groups (30.1/100
33.3/100 patient-years,
= 0.124). Among the propensity score-matched cohorts, no significant differences in Kaplan-Meier curves were observed between the two groups (log-rank
= 0.242). The TCC group had higher rates of MACCEs, hospitalization, and infection than the AVF group (33.7/100
29.5/100 patient-years, 101.2/100
79.5/100 patient-years, and 30.1/100
14.1/100 patient-years, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that high Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was a risk factor for death.
There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between elderly HD patients receiving TCCs and AVFs. Compared with those with a TCC, elderly HD patients with an AVF have a lower risk of MACCEs, hospitalization, and infection.
Journal Article
Immersive experience in virtual reality gamification teaching: analysis of the mediating effect on educational learning outcomes
The deep integration of virtual reality (VR) technology and education is driving structural changes in teaching paradigms. This study systematically explored the immersion mechanism and educational effects in VR gamification teaching scenarios through a mixed experimental design, and constructed a sample database comprising 720 participants. The research found that the technical threshold for imparting high-complexity knowledge requires a frame rate of ≥ 90FPS and a latency of ≤ 60ms, while creative tasks can achieve an operational accuracy rate of over 85% with moderate rendering quality. The dynamic task complexity adjustment algorithm and multimodal collaboration toolkit proposed in the study effectively balance the interference of hardware performance differences on the learning curve, enabling the experimental group to achieve an operational accuracy rate of 89.5% and a technical adaptability rate of 94.5% in virtual surgery training scenarios. The study breaks through the traditional linear analysis paradigm, establishes a nonlinear coupling law between technical performance parameters and cognitive behavioral variables, and provides quantitative decision support for the standardized development of educational VR systems.
Journal Article
Strategies to therapeutically modulate cytokine action
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the regulation of cytokine activity is extraordinarily important both physiologically and pathologically. Cytokine and/or cytokine receptor engineering is being widely investigated to safely and effectively modulate cytokine activity for therapeutic benefit. IL-2 in particular has been extensively engineered, to create IL-2 variants that differentially exhibit activities on regulatory T cells to potentially treat autoimmune disease versus effector T cells to augment antitumour effects. Additionally, engineering approaches are being applied to many other cytokines such as IL-10, interferons and IL-1 family cytokines, given their immunosuppressive and/or antiviral and anticancer effects. In modulating the actions of cytokines, the strategies used have been broad, including altering affinities of cytokines for their receptors, prolonging cytokine half-lives in vivo and fine-tuning cytokine actions. The field is rapidly expanding, with extensive efforts to create improved therapeutics for a range of diseases.Cytokines mediate a broad range of cellular functions, and the regulation of their activity is important both physiologically and pathologically. This Review explores the biology, signalling and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. Focusing on IL-2, engineering strategies and agents aimed at therapeutically redirecting and fine-tuning cytokine actions, particularly for applications in cancer and autoimmune disease, are assessed.
Journal Article
The predictive value of the preoperative C-reactive protein–albumin ratio for early recurrence and chemotherapy benefit in patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy: using randomized phase III trial data
BackgroundThe definition and predictors of early recurrence (ER) for gastric cancer (GC) patients after radical gastrectomy are unclear.MethodsA minimum-p value approach was used to evaluate the optimal cutoff value of recurrence-free survival to determine ER and late recurrence (LR). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for inflammatory indices. Potential risk factors for ER were assessed with a Cox regression model. A decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical utility.ResultsA total of 401 patients recruited in a clinical trial (NCT02327481) from January 2015 to April 2016 were included in this study. The optimal length of recurrence-free survival to distinguish between ER (n = 44) and LR (n = 52) was 12 months. Factors associated with ER included a preoperative C-reactive protein–albumin ratio (CAR) ≥ 0.131, stage III and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC) > 3 cycles. The risk model consisting of both the CAR and TNM stage had a higher predictive ability and better clinical utility than TNM stage alone. Further stratification analysis of the stage III patients found that for the patients with a CAR < 0.131, both PAC with 1–3 cycles (p = 0.029) and > 3 cycles (p < 0.001) could reduce the risk of ER. However, for patients with a CAR ≥ 0.131, a benefit was observed only if they received PAC > 3 cycles (54.2% vs 16.0%, p = 0.004), rather than 1–3 cycles (58.3% vs 54.2%, p = 0.824).ConclusionsA recurrence-free interval of 12 months was found to be the optimal threshold for differentiating between ER and LR. Preoperative CAR was a promising predictor of ER and PAC response. PAC with 1–3 cycles may not exert a protective effect against ER for stage III GC patients with CAR ≥ 0.131.
Journal Article