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•Participants who received regular nutritional consultation had significant reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as body mass index, body fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels.•Participants with a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2, who received consistent nutritional consultations, exhibited significant diminishment in cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with those with body mass index < 24 kg/m2, including body weight, body mass index, and visceral fat weight as well as triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin levels. This study investigated the effects of regular nutrition consultations on reducing risk factors, including body mass index, body composition, blood pressure, blood lipid profile, blood glucose–related markers, and inflammatory factors for cardiovascular diseases. Data were collected from participants (n = 129) who completed eight dietary consultations and were divided into two groups according to the regularity of the consultations: an irregular group (with irregular consultation intervals; n = 39) and a regular group (accepted consultation once every 3 wk; n = 90). Compared with the irregular group, the regular group had more significant reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as body mass index, body fat, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels. Moreover, participants with a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 presented significantly obvious improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, such as body weight; body mass index; visceral fat weight; and triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin levels. There is a proven benefit to regular nutrition consultation for adults with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, particularly those who are obese.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important regulatory factor for natural killer cell activity (NKA) in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between circulating EVs in the peripheral blood and natural killer (NK) cells in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. This study aimed at investigating the key regulators in the interaction between circulating EVs and NK cells in PCa patients before and after tumor removal. NK‐cell characteristics were prospectively assessed in 79 patients treated with robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy preoperatively and postoperatively. Compared with healthy donors, the existence of prostate tumors increased the number of circulating EVs and altered ligand expression of EVs. Circulating EVs extracted from cancer patients significantly decreased NKA of NK cells compared with those extracted from healthy donors. Upon treatment with an inhibiting antibody or small interfering RNA, natural killer cell protein group 2A (NKG2A) was identified as the main NKA regulator in cancer patients for accepting the signal from circulating EVs. After surgery, NKA was increased and NKG2A expression on NK cells was significantly reduced. The expression of ligands for natural killer cell protein group 2D (NKG2D) on EVs and the level of circulation EVs both significantly increased. With the decrease in NKG2A levels on NK cells and the increase in total NKG2D ligands on circulating EVs, which was increased postoperatively, both NKG2A on NK cells and NKG2D ligands on circulating exosomes are main regulators of NKA restoration after prostatectomy. More circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and downregulated natural killer cell activity (NKA) were found in prostate tumor patients. The inhibiting receptor, natural killer cell protein group 2A (NKG2A), was shown to be the main receptor regulating NKA through EV binding. After prostatectomy, the number of circulating EVs increased, which subsequently increased NKA by decreasing NKG2A on NK cells and increasing total NKG2D (activating receptor for NKA) ligands on EVs.

Sugar 4-epimerization reactions are important for the production of rare sugars and their derivatives, which have various potential industrial applications. For example, the production of tagatose, a functional sweetener, from fructose by sugar 4-epimerization is currently constrained because a fructose 4-epimerase does not exist in nature. We found that class II d -fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FbaA) catalyzed the 4-epimerization of d -fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) to d -tagatose-6-phosphate (T6P) based on the prediction via structural comparisons with epimerase and molecular docking and the identification of the condensed products of C3 sugars. In vivo , the 4-epimerization activity of FbaA is normally repressed. This can be explained by our results showing the catalytic efficiency of d -fructose-6-phosphate kinase for F6P phosphorylation was significantly higher than that of FbaA for F6P epimerization. Here, we identified the epimerization reactions and the responsible catalytic residues through observation of the reactions of FbaA and l -rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolases (RhaD) variants with substituted catalytic residues using different substrates. Moreover, we obtained detailed potential epimerization reaction mechanism of FbaA and a general epimerization mechanism of the class II aldolases l -fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase, RhaD, and FbaA. Thus, class II aldolases can be used as 4-epimerases for the stereo-selective synthesis of valuable carbohydrates.

Coumarin-6 containing acrylates (CA) with different spacers were synthesized. Copolymers of CA with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in CA/MMA in the weight ratios of 1/20, 1/40 and 1/60 were prepared by using AIBN as initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined from uv-visible spectroscopic analyses, according to Beer's law. UV absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicated a concentration quenching, which increased with increasing coumarin-6 concentration in the copolymer compositions and also increasing the spacer length from the copolymer to coumarin-6 moiety, leading to a decreased fluorescence efficiency (Φ^sub s^/Φ^sub o^) as well as a red shift of λ^sub max^. Furthermore, as the spacer, n in -(CH^sub 2^)^sub n^-, increases from n=2, 3 to 6, excimers formed due to overlap of chromophores, resulting in the splitting of the PL emission band and lowering the PL intensity. Experimental results revealed that when the ratio of CA/MMA=1/60 and the spacer n=2, the copolymer film showed an optimized fluorescent quantum efficiency.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

背景：性暴力是全球公共衛生與人權議題，影響受暴者身心健康，也增加醫療與健康照護成本。目的：瞭解臺灣女性遭受性暴力的盛行率、影響與求助，提供政府規劃相關政策與第一線醫護人員發展實務建議。方法：以全國18-74歲女性為對象，透過面對面訪問調查法收集資料。結果：1,504位受訪女性，有87人（5.76%）曾遭受性暴力，「一年盛行率」為1.41%，「終生盛行率」為5.76%。受暴女性身心健康受創，以尋求非正式支持協助為主。結論：受暴者普遍延宕就醫，形成慢性症狀或心理創傷，即便就醫，也未必自我揭露遭受性暴力。若第一線醫護人員能適時覺察，並發展引導式問話，適時提供協助，就能發揮關鍵功能。

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different colors produced by light emitting diode (LED) on Brown Tsaiya ducks. Methods: A total of 144 female Brown Tsaiya ducks were randomly allocated into three individual cage rearing chambers with different LED illumination colors as treatments. Three different treatments were: i) white color, ii) blue color, and iii) red color. The experiment periods were from ducks 21 to 49 weeks of age, determined traits included i) egg laying performance, ii) feed intake, iii) egg shell breaking strength, iv) egg shell thickness, v) egg Haugh unit, vi) egg weight, vii) serum Estradiol and Progesterone concentration, and viii) behavior pattern. Results: The results indicated that when compared with white and blue color, red color could stimulate ducks sexual maturation and raised the egg laying performance. The red light group was also observed to have the highest feed intake among three treatments. The blue treatment had the lowest egg shell breaking strength and the highest egg weight among three treatments, nevertheless, no significant difference was observed among three treatments on egg shell thickness and egg Haugh unit. The red light group had higher serum estradiol concentration than the white and blue groups, but no significant difference among treatments on the serum Progesterone concentration was found. The results of behavior pattern indicated that red light group showed more feeding and less resting behavior compared to the blue light group. Conclusion: We found a potential of applying red light illumination in the indoor laying duck raising system with positive results on egg laying performance and acceptable egg weight, equivalent egg qualities compared to white and blue light.

背景：適當的流程改善可以有效提升醫療照護品質亦可增加病人滿意度。現況調查發現照護流程不完善導致個管師術前收案率低、病人入住時間過長、術前相關衛教認知不足、常規手術取消率高。目的：藉由病人流概念檢視整體照護流程進行改善及對策擬定，提升照護品質。解決方法：為提供完善照護流程，故擬定因應對策：（1）制定骨科個管師標準收案流程，以提高術前收案率；（2）建置關節置換專區將病人集中管理照護，以降低病人入住病室時間；（3）製作膝望護照、拍攝術前須知及居家環境準備影片和拍攝殺菌澡衛教影片，以提升病人術前衛教遵從性及降低手術排程取消率。結果：經改善後，個管師術前收案完成率由27.8%提升至84.6%；入住病室時間由73分鐘縮短至41分鐘；衛教遵從率由83.0%提升至100%；手術排程取消率由11.1%降至0%。結論：本專案運用病人流概念檢視人工膝關節置換術照護流程，藉由專案改善措施落實照護流程標準化，進而提升整體醫療照護品質。

Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) encompasses a diverse patient population that requires individualized treatment strategies and a multidisciplinary approach. Recent advancements in systemic therapy have expanded the therapeutic options for intermediate-stage HCC, allowing for combination strategies such as systemic therapy with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and upfront systemic therapy for individuals deemed unsuitable for TACE. Additionally, the ongoing development of treatment modalities for intermediate-stage HCC has improved the potential for curative conversion and tumor downstaging. Nevertheless, consensus on the optimal management of intermediate-stage HCC remains limited. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to develop a set of consensus guidelines for the management of intermediate-stage HCC. To address this gap, the Taiwan Liver Cancer Association (TLCA) established a working group to develop a multidisciplinary strategy for managing intermediate-stage HCC. Here, we present eight consensus statements formulated by this expert panel, which outline criteria for TACE unsuitability, treatment recommendations based on TACE eligibility, and considerations for various modalities, including conventional TACE, drug-eluting bead TACE, and transarterial radioembolization, as well as the appropriate timing for initiating systemic therapy to enable curative conversion and downstaging. These statements provide specific, evidence-based recommendations for clinicians, addressing treatment pathways based on TACE eligibility and other key considerations for intermediate-stage HCC management. The development of this consensus guideline is intended to aid clinicians in selecting the most appropriate treatment pathway for intermediate-stage HCC, support personalized treatment planning, and ultimately enhance the feasibility of achieving curative conversion. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2025;31:1213-1232)

十九世紀中葉西學東漸，日本明治時期福澤諭吉（1834-1901）在1872至1876年間陸續發表《勸學》（学問のすすめ）篇章，提倡實學。無獨有偶，中國晚清張之洞（1837-1909）於1898年上書《勸學篇》，提出中體西用。二人生卒年相近，為該國具有代表性與影響力的知識分子，二書亦同在論述如何會通西學，書中二人對於學問的典型與近代化指標的看法，可視作一種隔空對話。　　福澤諭吉與張之洞皆認為學問必須與時俱進，將西學納入本國學問體系，重視學用的實用性，期待知識份子成為文明的推動者。由於國家背景與個人經歷，二人在中西學問的優先次序與範圍界定上有所差異。張之洞著重現實面，依照本國現況引導社會進步，期待國家在穩定中改革成長。福澤諭吉偏向從理論上去實踐，以西方現況來指導日本國民，期待國家盡快達到文明開化。但二人最終目的都希望藉此保住國權，使國家獨立不受侵擾威脅。　　意料之外的是，日後中日兩國卻走上與二人理想交錯的道路。因此本文試圖探析福澤諭吉與張之洞在面對相似的國家困境時所提出的近代化學問結構之理想型態，呈現二人將其學問思想進行改革以回應時代需求下，二人學問觀與權力結構的互動樣貌。

背景：住院常導致高齡者發生身體功能衰退，其中行走功能是最先發生衰退的身體功能，且行走功能衰退會影響高齡者返家後日常生活活動的獨立性。目的：探討影響住院高齡者返家後行走功能恢復之因素。方法：採縱貫式研究設計，於南部某醫學中心召募出院時行走功能衰退並預定返家照護之65歲以上高齡者。出院時資料收集包含：基本特性、查爾森共病症指標、修正版凱茲日常生活量表之行走功能、迷你營養評估量表、簡易智能評估量表與住院期間是否下床活動。返家後三個月追蹤資料包括：修正版凱茲日常生活量表之行走功能、有無規律運動習慣，及有無接受復健及社會支持量表。結果：共收集78位高齡者，75.64%高齡者於返家後三個月有恢復行走功能。高齡者營養狀態、認知功能、返家後規律運動習慣與行走功能恢復呈顯著相關。多元羅吉斯迴歸分析結果發現，住院高齡者返家後有規律運動習慣者較無規律運動習慣者，其行走功能恢復勝算比為10.212（p = .004）。結論／實務應用：住院高齡者除急性問題治療外，應同時進行營養、認知與活動功能評估與照護。於出院護理計畫更應宣導返家後規律運動之重要性，以促進高齡者行走功能恢復，進而維護高齡者自主生活能力。