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"Liu, Xue"
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Introduction to the Tsinghua bamboo-strip manuscripts
\"The Tsinghua University bamboo-strip manuscripts are among the most extraordinary collections of ancient texts discovered in China to date. In Introduction to the Tsinghua Bamboo-Strip Manuscripts, Liu Guozhong, one of the scholars intimately involved in editing the Tsinghua strips, offers a straightforward overview to the complexities inherent in researching this collection. Liu provides an invaluable glimpse into how these artifacts were cleaned, preserved, and prepared for publication, while also situating them within a history of similar finds. He moreover explores in detail a number of crucial questions raised by the Tsinghua strips, from the transmission of the Shangshu and the nature of the oft-neglected Yi Zhoushu, to the implications these texts have for our understanding of early Western Zhou history\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Important contributions of non-fossil fuel nitrogen oxides emissions
Since the industrial revolution, it has been assumed that fossil-fuel combustions dominate increasing nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) emissions. However, it remains uncertain to the actual contribution of the non-fossil fuel NO
x
to total NO
x
emissions. Natural N isotopes of NO
3
−
in precipitation (δ
15
N
w-NO3−
) have been widely employed for tracing atmospheric NO
x
sources. Here, we compiled global δ
15
N
w-NO3−
observations to evaluate the relative importance of fossil and non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions. We found that regional differences in human activities directly influenced spatial-temporal patterns of δ
15
N
w-NO3−
variations. Further, isotope mass-balance and bottom-up calculations suggest that the non-fossil fuel NO
x
accounts for 55 ± 7% of total NO
x
emissions, reaching up to 21.6 ± 16.6Mt yr
−1
in East Asia, 7.4 ± 5.5Mt yr
−1
in Europe, and 21.8 ± 18.5Mt yr
−1
in North America, respectively. These results reveal the importance of non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions and provide direct evidence for making strategies on mitigating atmospheric NO
x
pollution.
This study investigates in the importance of non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions in the surface-earth-nitrogen cycle. The study shows how changes of regional human activities directly influence δ
15
N signatures of deposited NO
x
to terrestrial environments and that emissions have largely been underestimated.
Journal Article
Significant contributions of combustion-related sources to ammonia emissions
Atmospheric ammonia (NH
3
) and ammonium (NH
4
+
) can substantially influence air quality, ecosystems, and climate. NH
3
volatilization from fertilizers and wastes (v-NH
3
) has long been assumed to be the primary NH
3
source, but the contribution of combustion-related NH
3
(c-NH
3
, mainly fossil fuels and biomass burning) remains unconstrained. Here, we collated nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric NH
3
and NH
4
+
and established a robust method to differentiate v-NH
3
and c-NH
3
. We found that the relative contribution of the c-NH
3
in the total NH
3
emissions reached up to 40 ± 21% (6.6 ± 3.4 Tg N yr
−1
), 49 ± 16% (2.8 ± 0.9 Tg N yr
−1
), and 44 ± 19% (2.8 ± 1.3 Tg N yr
−1
) in East Asia, North America, and Europe, respectively, though its fractions and amounts in these regions generally decreased over the past decades. Given its importance, c-NH
3
emission should be considered in making emission inventories, dispersion modeling, mitigation strategies, budgeting deposition fluxes, and evaluating the ecological effects of atmospheric NH
3
loading.
By integrating nitrogen isotope systematics of ammonia emissions and transformations in the atmosphere, this study quantified the combustion-related ammonia emission and uncovered its importance for mitigating strategies of ammonia pollution.
Journal Article
APOBEC3B and APOBEC mutational signature as potential predictive markers for immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known to carry heavy mutation load. Besides smoking, cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B plays a key role in the mutation process of NSCLC. APOBEC3B is also reported to be upregulated and predicts bad prognosis in NSCLC. However, targeting APOBEC3B high NSCLC is still a big challenge. Here we show that APOBEC3B upregulation is significantly associated with immune gene expression, and APOBEC3B expression positively correlates with known immunotherapy response biomarkers, including: PD-L1 expression and T-cell infiltration in NSCLC. Importantly, APOBEC mutational signature is specifically enriched in NSCLC patients with durable clinical benefit after immunotherapy and APOBEC mutation count can be better than total mutation in predicting immunotherapy response. In together, this work provides evidence that APOBEC3B upregulation and APOBEC mutation count can be used as novel predictive markers in guiding NSCLC checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Journal Article
Ultralong purely organic aqueous phosphorescence supramolecular polymer for targeted tumor cell imaging
Purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence has attracted attention for bioimaging but can be quenched in aqueous systems. Here we report a water-soluble ultralong organic room-temperature phosphorescent supramolecular polymer by combining cucurbit[n]uril (CB[7], CB[8]) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a tumor-targeting ligand conjugated to a 4-(4-bromophenyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (BrBP) phosphor. The result shows that CB[7] mediated pseudorotaxane polymer CB[7]/HA–BrBP changes from small spherical aggregates to a linear array, whereas complexation with CB[8] results in biaxial pseudorotaxane polymer CB[8]/HA–BrBP which transforms to relatively large aggregates. Owing to the more stable 1:2 inclusion complex between CB[8] and BrBP and the multiple hydrogen bonds, this supramolecular polymer has ultralong purely organic RTP lifetime in water up to 4.33 ms with a quantum yield of 7.58%. Benefiting from the targeting property of HA, this supramolecular polymer is successfully applied for cancer cell targeted phosphorescence imaging of mitochondria.
Room-temperature phosphorescence has attracted attention for bioimaging, but quenching in aqueous systems is an issue. Here, the authors report on the synthesis of a water soluble organic phosphorescent polymer and demonstrate application is cancer cell targeting and imaging.
Journal Article
تاريخ التبادلات الأدبية الصينية العربية
ترصد موسوعة \"تاريخ التبادلات الأدبية الصينية العربية\" مسيرة التبادلات الثقافية والأدبية منذ القدم بين الحضارتين الصينية والعربية، والترجمات الصينية الأولى للأدب العربي، كما تسلط الضوء على الأدب الصيني في الدول العربية، ورحلة التبادلات بين الأدباء العرب والصينيين والأحداث التاريخية التي واكبت محطات حركة التبادلات الأدبية بين الجانبين. كما ترصد التاريخ الطويل للأمة العربية في التواصل التجاري والثقافي والأدبي مع الصين، حيث عرفت الصين العرب منذ القرن الثاني قبل الميلاد مع رحلة المبعوث الصيني تشانغ تشيان إلى الغرب في عصر الإمبراطور هان وو دي، ثم عبر طريق الحرير البري القديم وطريق الحرير البحري \"طريق التوابل\" اللذين شهدا تدفقا للتجار العرب على الصين لتنتعش التبادلات الثقافية والأدبية إلى جانب التجارية بين الجانبين يوما بعد يوم.
Book
Sex Differences in Cancer Immunotherapy Efficacy, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategy
Sex differences in innate and adaptive immune responses are known, and women generally mount a stronger immune response than men. Cancer immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, and sex differences in cancer immunotherapy are just starting to be revealed. Here, we summarize recent research progress concerning sex differences in cancer immunotherapy efficacy. On their own, ICIs tend to be more effective in male cancer patients compared with female patients, while ICIs combined with chemotherapy tend to be more effective in female patients than male patients. Male tumors are usually more antigenic than female tumors, and this is reflected by their increased number of tumor mutations and cancer germline antigens. The biomarker tumor mutational burden (TMB), which reflects tumor antigenicity, is more effective at predicting immunotherapy response for female lung cancer patients than for male patients. In this review, we propose different therapeutic strategies for the different sexes: For male cancer patients, the immune environment should be enhanced, whereas for female cancer patients, tumor antigenicity should be enhanced.
Journal Article