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Journal Article
Important contributions of non-fossil fuel nitrogen oxides emissions
2021
Overview
Since the industrial revolution, it has been assumed that fossil-fuel combustions dominate increasing nitrogen oxide (NO
x
) emissions. However, it remains uncertain to the actual contribution of the non-fossil fuel NO
x
to total NO
x
emissions. Natural N isotopes of NO
3
−
in precipitation (δ
15
N
w-NO3−
) have been widely employed for tracing atmospheric NO
x
sources. Here, we compiled global δ
15
N
w-NO3−
observations to evaluate the relative importance of fossil and non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions. We found that regional differences in human activities directly influenced spatial-temporal patterns of δ
15
N
w-NO3−
variations. Further, isotope mass-balance and bottom-up calculations suggest that the non-fossil fuel NO
x
accounts for 55 ± 7% of total NO
x
emissions, reaching up to 21.6 ± 16.6Mt yr
−1
in East Asia, 7.4 ± 5.5Mt yr
−1
in Europe, and 21.8 ± 18.5Mt yr
−1
in North America, respectively. These results reveal the importance of non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions and provide direct evidence for making strategies on mitigating atmospheric NO
x
pollution.
This study investigates in the importance of non-fossil fuel NO
x
emissions in the surface-earth-nitrogen cycle. The study shows how changes of regional human activities directly influence δ
15
N signatures of deposited NO
x
to terrestrial environments and that emissions have largely been underestimated.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
