Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this paper, berberine hydrochloride-loaded liposomes-in-gel were designed and developed to investigate their antioxidant properties and therapeutic effects on the eczema model of the mouse. Berberine hydrochloride-liposomes (BBH-L) as the nanoparticles were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and then dispersed BBH-L evenly in the gel matrix to prepare the berberine hydrochloride liposomes-gel (BBH-L-Gel) by the natural swelling method. Their antioxidant capacity was investigated by the free radical scavenging ability on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H2O2 and the inhibition of lipid peroxides malondialdehyde (MDA). An eczema model was established, and the efficacy of the eczema treatment was preliminarily evaluated using ear swelling, the spleen index, and pathological sections as indicators. The results indicate that the entrapment efficiency of BBH-L prepared by the thin-film hydration method was 78.56% ± 0.7%, with a particle size of 155.4 ± 9.3 nm. For BBH-L-Gel, the viscosity and pH were 18.16 ± 6.34 m Pas and 7.32 ± 0.08, respectively. The cumulative release in the unit area of the in vitro transdermal study was 85.01 ± 4.53 μg/cm2. BBH-L-Gel had a good scavenging capacity on DPPH and H2O2, and it could effectively inhibit the production of hepatic lipid peroxides MDA in the concentration range of 0.4–2.0 mg/mL. The topical application of BBH-L-Gel could effectively alleviate eczema symptoms and reduce oxidative stress injury in mice. This study demonstrates that BBH-L-Gel has good skin permeability, excellent sustained release, and antioxidant capabilities. They can effectively alleviate the itching, inflammation, and allergic symptoms caused by eczema, providing a new strategy for clinical applications in eczema treatment.

Background Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe vascular emergency. Previous research indicated the protective effects of Emodin on I/R injury. Our study aims to explore the effect of Emodin on intestinal I/R (II/R) injury and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods C57BL/6 mice and Caco-2 cells were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. We established an animal model of II/R injury by temporarily occluding superior mesenteric artery. We constructed an oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model using a hypoxia-reoxygenation incubator. Different doses of Emodin were explored to determine the optimal therapeutic dose. Additionally, inhibitors targeting the protein kinase B (Akt) or Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were administered to investigate their potential protective mechanisms. Results Our results demonstrated that in animal experiments, Emodin mitigated barrier disruption, minimized inflammation, reduced oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis. When Akt or HO-1 was inhibited, the protective effect of Emodin was eliminated. Inhibiting Akt also reduced the level of HO-1. In cell experiments, Emodin reduced inflammation and apoptosis in the OGD/R cell model. Additionally, when Akt or HO-1 was inhibited, the protective effect of Emodin was weakened. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Emodin may protect the intestine against II/R injury through the Akt/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Cutaneous eczema is a kind of skin disease is characterized by inflammation. The main manifestations are various types of dermatitis, eczema, and urticaria. There are usually complications such as erythema, blisters, and epidermal peeling. The quercetin might have a therapeutic effect on cutaneous eczema due to its favorable antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are few studies on transdermal administration of antioxidant drugs for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. The aim of this study was to prepare quercetin-containing liposomes-in-gel (QU-LG), its antioxidant properties were evaluated, and it was used in the skin of mice suffering from dermal eczema to see if it had preventive and therapeutic effects in an attempt to make it a new option for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. QU-LG was prepared by the injection method to form the quercetin-containing liposomes (QU-L) and evenly dispersed in the natural dissolution of carboxymethylcellulose sodium (1%, CMC-Na). The release of QU-LG across the dialysis membranes was up to 30% and clearance of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 65.16 ± 3.513%. In anti-oxidation assay QU-LG inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) production in liver better than the commercially available drug dexamethasone acetate cream. Compared with untreated mice, mice treated with QU-LG showed a statistically significant reduction in dermatopathologic symptoms. The results suggested that QU-LG had good antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro and could be used for the prevention and treatment of cutaneous eczema.

Antibiotic therapy is usually not recommended for salmonellosis, as it is associated with prolonged fecal carriage without reducing symptom duration or severity. Here we show that antibiotics encapsulated in hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-responsive glycovesicles may be potentially useful for the treatment of salmonellosis. The antibiotics are released in the presence of Salmonella , which is known to produce H 2 S. This approach prevents the quick absorption of antibiotics into the bloodstream, allows localized targeting of the pathogen in the gut, and alleviates disease symptoms in a mouse infection model. In addition, it reduces antibiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota, and increases the abundance of potentially beneficial lactobacilli due to the release of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide analogs. Antibiotic therapy is usually not effective for salmonellosis. Here, the authors present an approach that may be useful for the treatment of salmonellosis, consisting of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-responsive glycovesicles that release antibiotics in the presence of Salmonella in the gut.

As intelligent vehicle technologies evolve, reliable driver monitoring systems have become increasingly critical for ensuring the safety of human drivers and operational reliability. This paper proposes a novel visual computing framework for Driver Fatigue Monitoring Systems (DFMSs) based on hierarchical decoupling and scenario element analysis, specifically designed for intelligent transportation environments. By treating the monitoring system as an engineering-level embodied perception–decision system deployed within the vehicle, rather than a purely disembodied vision module, the framework decouples low-level algorithmic perception from application-layer decision logic, enabling a more granular evaluation of visual computing performance in real-world scenarios. We leverage Python 3.9-driven automated test case generation to simulate diverse environmental variables, improving testing efficiency by 50% over traditional manual methods. The system utilizes deep learning-based visual computing to achieve high-fidelity monitoring of eye closure (PERCLOS, EAR), yawning (MAR), and head pose dynamics, enabling real-time assessment of the driver’s state within the embodied system loop. Comparative benchmarking reveals that our framework significantly outperforms existing models in visual understanding accuracy, achieving perfect confidence scores (1.000) for eye closure and smoking behavior detection, while drastically reducing false positives in mobile phone usage detection (misidentification rate: 0.016 vs. 0.805). These results demonstrate that an embodied approach to visual perception enhances the robustness and reliability of driver monitoring systems deployed in real vehicles, providing a scalable pathway for the development of next-generation intelligent transportation safety standards.

In order to improve the weak optical performance of gold nanoparticles and realize the signal amplification of lateral flow chromatography test strips, individual gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were aggregated into gold nanoparticle aggregates through functional groups around polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. A signal-amplified aptamer-based lateral flow chromatography test strip was constructed for the rapid determination of ochratoxin A (OTA). Under optimal conditions, the visual detection limit of this test strip was 0.4 ng mL−1 and the semi-quantitative limit of detection (LOD) was 0.04 ng mL−1. Compared with other traditional aptamer lateral flow chromatography test strips, its sensitivity was improved about five times. The whole test could be completed within 15 min. The aptamer-based strip was applied to the detection of OTA in red wine; the average recoveries ranged from 93% to 105.8% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) varying from 3% to 8%, indicating that the test strip may be a potentially effective tool for the on-site detection of OTA.

The present study examined the radiation biological response of cancer cells to different fractional irradiation doses and investigates the optimal fractional irradiation dose with improved biological effects. Radiobiological studies were performed at the molecular and cellular levels to provide insights into DNA damage and repair, and the apoptosis mechanism of cells that were exposed to different doses of X-ray irradiation (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.5, 15 and 20 Gy). Evidence of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double strand breaks (DSB), cellular apoptosis, G2/M phase proportion and inhibition of cell proliferation were observed following irradiation. Differences in the ROS amount and apoptotic percentages of cells between the 2 and 4 Gy groups were insignificant. Compared with 0 Gy, the expression of the apoptosis suppression protein B-cell lymphoma-2 was decreased following at increased irradiation doses. However, apoptosis-associated protein Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), caspase-9 and BH3 interacting domain death agonist (Bid) were elevated following irradiation, compared with the control group (0 Gy). Furthermore, the expression levels of Bax in the 6, 8, 10 and 12.5 Gy groups were significantly increased, compared with the other groups. Caspase-9 expression with 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy were increased compared with other groups, and the Bid levels with 6 and 8 Gy were also increased compared with other groups. G2/M phase arrest was associated with the increase of checkpoint kinase 1 and reduction of cyclin dependent kinase 1. DNA damage repair was associated with the protein Ku70 in the 2, 8, 10, 12.5, 15 and 20 Gy groups were less than other group. Compared with other group, Ku80 levels were reduced in the 6 and 8 Gy groups, and Rad51 levels were reduced in the 2, 8 and 10 Gy groups. The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, c-Myc and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) demonstrated an increasing trend following irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, but the expression of pyruvate kinase M2, in the 2-10 Gy irradiation groups, and GLUT1, in the 12.5, 15 and 20 Gy irradiation groups, were reduced, compared with the other groups. Considering the DNA damage repair and apoptosis mechanisms at molecular and cellular levels, it was concluded that 2, 6, 8 and 10 Gy may be the optimal fractional dose that can promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit DNA damage repair and glycolysis.

NPs have become a concerning global environmental problem. Dietary exposure to NPs can cause microbial dysbiosis. However, the risks of NPs to animals, particularly poultry species such as chickens, remain poorly understood. In this study, chickens were continuously exposed to 100 nm NPs via dietary inclusion from 18 weeks of age for 120 days to evaluate the effects of NPs on intestinal health. We found that NPs accumulated in chicken intestinal tissues, leading to adverse alterations in the intestinal mucosal structure, such as villus atrophy and goblet cell depletion, and significantly altering intestinal length. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a loss of diversity and shifts in key bacterial groups. Functional predictions of the microbiota revealed impairments in metabolic pathways, especially carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, network analysis showed that microbial interactions were disrupted and key functional hubs were lost. Most importantly, NPs exposure led to a significant decline in egg quality parameters, including eggshell thickness and strength, yolk color, weight, shape index, and Haugh units. Correlation analyses connected specific taxa, such as Methanobrevibacter, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, to intestinal damage and declines in egg quality. These findings provide a scientific basis for assessing the health risks of NPs in animals and offer insights into the development of gut health interventions.

The SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) transcription factor plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular ion balance and governing aluminum tolerance in plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) participates in aluminum tolerance by inducing the expression of several genes that are STOP1 targets. However, the interplay between ABA signaling and STOP1-mediated gene expression remains poorly understood. The F-box protein RAE1, an SCF-type E3 ligase component, recognizes STOP1 and controls its ubiquitination and degradation. This study revealed that exogenous ABA supplementation reduced STOP1 levels by promoting the expression of RAE1 . Notably, both RAE1 loss-of-function mutants and STOP1 overexpressing lines showed enhanced sensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment, which correlated with early stage post-transcriptional upregulation of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5). Our observations suggest that RAE1 operates as an ABA-responsive factor, exerting control over STOP1 homeostasis to regulate ABA responses in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, the STOP1 dysfunctional alleles exhibit ABA sensitivity despite a reduction in ABI5, with similar expression levels of ABA-responsive genes, except for the ABI5 repressor MFT, compared to the rae1 and STOP1 overexpression lines. This may suggest a bidirectional role of STOP1 in ABA sensitivity and highlights the critical importance of maintaining STOP1 homeostasis to balance growth and stress tolerance. Single sentence summary F-box protein RAE1 functions as an exogenous ABA responsive mediator to reduce STOP1 upregulation-mediated ABA sensitivity.

Polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) threaten agricultural ecosystems and the food chain; however, their hepatotoxicity in chickens, a key poultry species, remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of chronic NP exposure on hepatic metabolism to evaluate food safety risks in poultry products. Chickens were orally exposed to 100 nm polystyrene NPs via feed for 120 days. Histopathological evaluation, serum biochemical analysis revealed hepatotoxicity in NP-exposed poultry, characterized by histopathological liver injury, elevated lipid droplet accumulation, significantly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and elevated triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.05). Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics profiling identified 193 differentially abundant metabolites—predominantly organic acids and lipids—with L-leucine and NADH emerging as pivotal metabolic hubs. A KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in purine metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, while a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the suppression of ABC transporters. Notably, the key biomarkers 9-cis-retinal and phenylalanyl phenylalanine were significantly altered, reflecting metabolic disturbances linked to NPs exposure. Overall, this study characterized exposure-associated metabolic signatures and established NP-induced hepatic injury phenotypes in poultry production systems.