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The relationship between openness to international trade and economic growth has been a subject of perennial controversy. This has paved the way for various theoretical and empirical investigations which has yielded inconclusive results, particularly in the case of developing countries. As a good case in point, the Moroccan economy has been subjected to a thorough analysis in order to determine and evaluate the impact of trade openness on economic growth covering the period from 1980 to 2019. To this end, the methodology adopted consists of a complementary approach of statistical and econometric tests using the ARDL bounds test of cointegration and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. The results have shown that Morocco's openness to international trade positively impacts economic growth in the short term. Yet, it produces adverse effects in the long term, especially with the presence of bidirectional causal relationship between the two variables– i.e economic growth and international trade.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the role of the strategic monitoring in the process of internationalization of the Moroccan SMEs in the Sub-Saharan African market and to identify the determinants and risks that influence the success or the failure of this internationalization. The objective is to assess a roadmap for the practice of strategic monitoring adapted to SMEs in the African context. By conducting a study on 14 Moroccan SMEs, the study’s findings confirm that the strategic monitoring practices are influenced by the perceived uncertainties of internationalization relative to six environmental sectors. The management of uncertainty depends on the company's ability and its informational skills to access useful and valid information on the national and international markets. Managing the complexity of a constantly volatile environment requires strategic intelligence stimulated by strategic uncertainty. The results of analysing the collected information enable exporting SMEs to make the right strategic decisions and consequently reduce and/or eliminate perceived uncertainties.