Explore the vast range of titles available.

The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer continues to show a 21% reduction in prostate-cancer mortality in the screening group, after 11 years of follow-up. The number of cancers that would need to be detected to prevent one prostate-cancer death is 37. Screening does not affect all-cause mortality. Screening for prostate cancer has remained controversial, despite results showing a significant reduction in the rate of death from prostate cancer (relative reduction, 20%) among men offered screening for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). 1 The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) is a multicenter trial initiated in 1991 in the Netherlands and in Belgium, with five more European countries (Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland) joining between 1994 and 1998. Recruitment was completed in these centers between 1995 and 2003. Later, France also joined, with enrollment in 2000–2005, but data from the French cohort were not included in the . . .

In this trial, investigators tested the effect of prostate-specific–antigen testing on the death rate from prostate cancer in more than 162,000 men between the ages of 55 and 69 years in seven European countries. A significant reduction in prostate-cancer mortality was found after a median follow-up of 9 years. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment were important limitations of the screening program. Measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for prostate cancer, 1 is useful for the detection of early prostate cancer. 2 Nevertheless, the effect of PSA-based screening on prostate-cancer mortality remains unclear. 3 The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) was initiated in the early 1990s to determine whether a reduction of 25% in prostate-cancer mortality could be achieved by PSA-based screening. 4 Preliminary data from this study have been published and can be accessed at www.erspc.org. Another randomized screening trial in the United States, the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, was initiated around the same . . .

An important element of a solar installation is the storage tank. When properly selected and operated, it can bring numerous benefits. The presented research relates to a project that is implemented at the Solar Energy Research Center of the University of Almeria in Spain. In order to improve the operation of the solar cooling and heating system of the Center, it was upgraded with two newly designed storage tanks filled with phase change materials (PCM). As a result of design works, commercial material S10 was selected for the accumulation of cold, and S46 for the accumulation of heat, in an amount of 85% and 15%, respectively. The article presents in detail the process of selecting the PCM material, designing the installation, experimental research, and exergy analysis. Individual tasks were carried out by research groups cooperating under the PCMSOL EUROPEAN PROJECT. Results of tests conducted on the constructed installation indicate that daily energy saving when using a solar chiller with PCM tanks amounts to 40% during the cooling season.

The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) was initiated in 1993 to assess the effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on prostate cancer mortality. Because deaths from prostate cancer are expected to rise worldwide owing to increased life expectancy and population growth, a final analysis of the long-term outcomes of prostate cancer screening is essential to understanding the benefits and harms of PSA testing. We updated the findings from ERSPC, a multicenter, randomized study conducted across eight European countries with a focus on a predefined core age group of 162,236 men who were 55 to 69 years of age at the time of randomization. Participants were randomly assigned to the screening group and offered repeated PSA testing or to the control group and not invited for screening. The primary outcome was prostate cancer mortality. After a median follow-up of 23 years, prostate cancer mortality was 13% lower in the screening group (rate ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.95), and the absolute risk reduction was 0.22% (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.34). The cumulative incidence of prostate cancer was higher in the screening group than in the control group (rate ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.33). At a median of 23 years of follow-up, one death from prostate cancer was prevented for every 456 men (95% CI, 306 to 943) who were invited for screening, and one death from prostate cancer was averted for every 12 men (95% CI, 8 to 26) in whom prostate cancer was diagnosed, as compared with one death from prostate cancer prevented for every 628 men (95% CI, 419 to 1481) and one death averted for every 18 men (95% CI, 12 to 45) at 16 years of follow-up. Long-term follow-up confirms a sustained reduction in deaths from prostate cancer with PSA testing, alongside an improved harm-benefit ratio. Future screening strategies should adopt risk-based approaches to minimize overdiagnosis while maintaining clinical benefits. (Funded by the Dutch Cancer Society and others; ERSPC ISRCTN registry number, ISRCTN49127736.).

Several studies have suggested that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in young men may predict the risk of developing prostate cancer (PC). Our aim is to study baseline PSA as a prognostic factor in the lifetime risk of developing PC, clinically significant PC (csPC), and metastatic PC (mPC), as well as to assess its impact on long-term mortality. This study was a retrospective analysis involving 2,415 men aged 45-70 years, all participants in the Spanish arm of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). These men underwent PSA testing, and prostate biopsies were performed if their PSA levels were ≥3 ng/ml. The follow-up period spanned from September 2, 1996, to February 11, 2021. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to calculate the probability of prostate cancer diagnosis and death. The relationship between these probabilities and baseline PSA levels was assessed using the log-rank test. After 25 years of follow-up, the probability of being free of a diagnosis of PC was 95.5%, 89.6%, 80.0%, and 69.4%; and of PC death: 99.6%, 99.6%, 98.9%, and 98.3% for the categories of PSA <1 ng/ml, 1-1.9 ng/ml, 2-2.9 ng/ml, and >3 ng/ml, respectively. There is an association between baseline PSA level and the probability of PC diagnosis (which is maintained in age stratification), csPC, mPC (p <0.001), and PC death (p = 0.047). There is a clear relationship between baseline PSA and the probability of detection of PC, csPC and mPC during follow-up, as well as PC death, in a cohort belonging to the Spanish branch of the ERSPC, with a median follow-up of more than 23 years. Baseline PSA level can be used to define the most appropriate PC screening interval for everyone.

Renal artery pseudoaneurysms secondary to blunt abdominal trauma are uncommon. We report a giant renal pseudoaneurysm, diagnosed by computerized tomography 5 months after a blunt trauma, which was confirmed by catheter angiography and treated with selective embolization.

Objectives: This study evaluated the dental and alveolar bone stress distribution of a mandibular Kennedy Class I restored with a bilateral implant-assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) compared with a conventional removable partial denture (CRPD) through the application of finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: Kennedy Class I plaster models were made, including teeth from the lower left first premolar and lower right canine. The models were scanned, resin-based replicated and digitized. Using Solidworks software, internal hexagonal implants (10 mm × 4 mm) were virtually placed at the level of the first molars. Each model was grouped into a unit, and a load of 200 N was applied, simulating masticatory forces. Von Mises stress distributions were calculated via FEA for the vertical, diagonal and combined forces. Results: In the IARPD, the stress generated in the alveolar bone by the vertical (4.2 Mpa), diagonal (12.2 MPa) and combined forces (12.3 MPa) was lower than that of the CRPD (7 MPa, 26.3 MPa and 32 MPa, respectively). Similarly, at the lower central incisor, the IARPD generated less stress than the CRPD due to the action of the vertical, diagonal and combined forces. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that bilateral implant placement may result in less stress on bone and teeth during rehabilitation with a Kennedy Class I IARPD, with different orientations of the forces applied.

La cuenca del río Kilca es uno de los principales sistemas hidrográficos de la región antecordillerana, ubicada en el centro de la provincia de Neuquén. En esta zona, de clima subhúmedo, el uso de suelo dominante es el de \"veranada\", que consiste en una de las tres etapas anuales de un tipo de ganadería trashumante, basado en el aprovechamiento forrajero de pastizales naturales. Dada la constitución fisiográfica de estos paisajes, existe en ellos una gran propensión al desarrollo de procesos geomorfológicos de erosión y remoción en masa. Los factores históricos vinculados a la evolución de la actividad ganadera en la región a ambos lados del eje cordillerano, han determinado desde fines del siglo XIX, modalidades de uso de suelo caracterizadas por el exceso estacional de la carga ganadera. Esta organización de la actividad implicó, no sólo un deterioro de las pasturas, sino además el desencadenamiento y aceleración de los procesos geomorfológicos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la problemática actual, enfocando los procesos del medio biofísico, vinculados con las prácticas sociales. En este sentido, se describen y explican las condiciones fisiográficas, en términos del grado de inestabilidad y deterioro de las tierras. Kilca River basin is one of the major river systems before the mountain region, located in the center of the province of Neuquen. In this zone, humid climates, the dominant land use is \"veranada\", which consists of three annual steps of one type of livestock transhumance, based on the exploitation of natural grassland forage. Given the physiographic formation of these landscapes, there is in them a high propensity to develop geomorphological processes of erosion and landslides. Historical factors linked to the evolution of livestock activity in the region on both sides of the mountain axis, have been identified since the late nineteenth century, land use patterns characterized by excessive seasonal stocking. This organization of the activity involved, not just a deterioration of pastures, but also the break out and acceleration of geomorphic processes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current problems, focusing biophysical processes, linked to social practices. In this sense, we describe and explain physiographic conditions in terms of degree of instability and deterioration of the land.