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Onions has high nutritional and nutraceutical value. In the last decade the bulbs have gained increasingrelevance due their compounds linked to anti-cancer effects. The fertilization managment is relevant to thiscrop because the mineral’s influence beyond productivity, interfering in several aspects of quality. Organicsources despite available, adoption is still cautious and seen as an expense, rather than investment in soilquality. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the use of organomineral fertilizer on the development andproductivity of Akamaru hybrid. The experiment was carried out in Cristalina-GO, in a randomized block design,with 4 replications and 5 treatments: organomineral fertilizer (NPK) with the formula 02-20-05. The rates wereadjusted to approximately the same amounts, where 3,680 kg ha-1 was considered the 100% rate, 2,944 kg ha-1as 80%, 2,208 kg ha-1 as 60% and 1,472 kg ha-1 as 40% of the rate established. The rate of 2,300 kg ha-1 of theformulated 03-35-06 referred to 100% of the mineral source. The total yield of onion was not affected when theorganomineral source was used, therefore, it is a viable source for use in onion culture. A rate reduction of upto 20% of the recommended mineral rate allows good performance (85.5 t ha-1), with 7.5 t ha-1 higher than the60% reduction of the recommended rate.

Given the importance of potatoes in Brazilian agribusiness and the need to establish sustainable production systems, interest has increased in the implementation of more efficient fertilization methods for the cultivation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the cultivars Ágata and Atlantic to fertilization with a pelleted organomineral source in comparison to conventional fertilization performed with a mineral source. A causal block design was used with five treatments [100% of the recommendation for fertilization with mineral sources 03-35-06; and 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of the recommended dose with organomineral fertilizer (02-20-05)] in four replications, totaling 20 plots. The application of the organomineral in plant fertilization can be an interesting source of fertilizer for the cultivation of Ágata and Atlantic potatoes and can be applied with dose adjustments. For the cultivar Ágata, the doses of 100% and 80% organomineral fertilizer together with mineral fertilization resulted in the highest total yields. The lower doses (60% and 40%) made it possible to obtain a higher percentage of special potatoes, considered to be of the highest commercial value, than 80% of the organomineral fertilizers and 100% mineral standard. For the Atlantic cultivar, the total yield responses to organomineral were like those obtained with exclusively mineral fertilization. These findings indicate that organomineral fertilizers can be used efficiently with adjusted doses, maintaining productivity and tuber quality while potentially reducing fertilizer input costs and environmental impacts, contributing to more sustainable potato cropping systems.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) is one of the most responsive crops to fertilizer application, which drives theneed to rationalize and make the most of nutritional resources in efficient and sustainable management. Basedon the hypothesis that the organomineral is a great alternative to increase potato productivity (Ágata andAtlantic cultivars) and that it can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers, this study aims to evaluatethe effect of organomineral doses applied in the planting furrow on potato productivity to identify the bestlevel of mineral fertilizer replacement. A study was conducted in the city of Cristalina (state of Goiás, Brazil),evaluating the replacement of 40, 60, 80, and 100% of mineral fertilizer (standard) provided via organomineralfertilizer in two widely cultivated varieties. The total productivity and the productivity in classes were monitored,as well as the nutrient contents in the leaves. The results showed that the organomineral is a great alternative toincrease potato productivity and can be indicated as a substitute for mineral fertilizers. For the cultivar Ágata,an organomineral dose of 80% is recommended concerning mineral fertilization. On the other hand, for theAtlantic cultivar, the same dose of mineral fertilizer is recommended. In both cultivars, there was an increase intuber size with organomineral fertilization, which indicates greater efficiency in tuber productivity.

The gherkin (Cucumis anguria L.) is a species of African origin, belonging to the family of cucurbits, widely cultivated in Brazil, but with little information on the genetic control of the characteristics. Additive gene effects, reflected in estimates of variety or performance effects “per se,” are important in the expression of traits in maxixe genotypes. The objective of this study was to estimate the combinatorial capacity and the gene effect in gherkin genotypes. Two experiments were conducted in 2 years in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were nine parents of gherkin and their hybrid combinations obtained in a diallel cross. Varietal heterotic expression as the greatest in the characteristics of fruit diameter, average weight, and firmness of the fruit pulp. In gherkin genotypes, the largest deviations due to non-additive gene effects were in the characteristics of fruit diameter, length, and yield. In general, the crosses that had commercial genotypes as parents, presented high average estimates, associated in some cases with favorable estimates of non-additive gene effects.

ABSTRACT The lack of knowledge of the genetic parameters and the type of gene action results in difficulties to obtain varieties that combine agronomic and functional characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the type of gene action associated with the contents of chlorophyll and agronomic characteristics in lettuce populations. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station of Vegetables, Monte Carmelo, Brazil. To perform the crosses and obtain the generations P1, P2, F1, F2, Bc1 and Bc2 the genotypes UFU-Albina#2, UFU-Albina#3, UFU-Lisa124#2#1, UFU-Crespa199#1#1 and UFU-Lisa217#5#2 were used as parents. The generations were evaluated for three characteristics: number of leaves, plant diameter and chlorophyll content. The parameters: genetic, phenotypic, environmental and additive variance, the dominance in F2, heritability in the broad and narrow-sense, the average degree of dominance based on averages, number of genes, the measure of the dominance deviations, additive effects and all interactions of ‘additive x additive’, ‘additive x dominant’ and ‘dominant x dominant’ type, were evaluated. Chlorophyll content was the most influenced by the environment. Plant diameter had the highest narrow-sense heritability for the cross UFU-Lisa-124#2#1 x UFU-Albina#3 (82.1%). The number of genes for the number of leaves varied from inconclusive to a minimum of 9 genes. The gene interactions for number of leaves were of overdominance type, while for plant diameter and for chlorophyll content the gene interactions were of partial dominance. The characteristics are suggested as being of polygenic or oligogenic nature. RESUMO O desconhecimento dos parâmetros genéticos e o tipo de ação gênica resultam em dificuldades na obtenção de variedades que combinam características agronômicas e funcionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o tipo de ação gênica envolvida com o conteúdo de clorofila e características agronômicas em populações de alface. A pesquisa foi realizada na Estação Experimental de Hortaliças, Monte Carmelo, Brasil. Para realizar os cruzamentos e obter as gerações P1, P2, F1, F2, Bc1 e Bc2, os genótipos UFU-Albina#2, UFUAlbina#3, UFU-Lisa124#2#1, UFU-Crespa199#1 e UFU-Lisa217#5#2 foram usados como parentais. As gerações foram avaliadas para três características (número de folhas, diâmetro das plantas e teor de clorofila) e analisados os seguintes parâmetros: variância genética, ambiental, fenotípica, aditiva, dominância em F2, herdabilidade no sentido amplo, herdabilidade no sentido restrito, grau médio de dominância baseado em médias, número de genes, medida dos desvios da dominância, medida dos efeitos aditivos, medida de todas interações do tipo aditiva x aditiva, aditiva x dominante e dominante x dominante. O teor de clorofila foi a característica mais influenciada pelo ambiente. O diâmetro de planta apresentou a maior herdabilidade no sentido restrito para o cruzamento UFU-Lisa-124#2#1 x UFU-Albina#3 (82,1%). O número de genes para a característica de número de folhas oscilou desde valores inconclusivos até um máximo de 9 genes. As interações gênicas para número de folhas demonstraram ser do tipo sobredominância enquanto que para diâmetro de plantas e teor de clorofila do tipo dominância parcial. Sugere-se que as características avaliadas são de natureza poligênica ou oligogênica.

Background Lettuce is one of the most important and widely cultivated leafy vegetables globally. The morphophysiological mechanisms involved in the stresses caused by high temperatures and water scarcity in different lettuce genotypes remain unknown. Additionally, the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaves must also be monitored as they can prevent serious health conditions. Despite the importance, there are no studies integrating adaptation to tropical conditions with nutritional biofortification. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the photosynthetic and water use efficiency, and agronomic-nutritional potential of lettuce strains to select tropicalized and biofortified genotypes. Eighteen lettuce strains and two commercial cultivars were evaluated. The means were compared using the univariate and multivariate analysis. A Kohonen Self-Organizing map (SOM) was generated to compare the genotypes according to the variables analyzed. Results Some strains exhibited high chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, delayed bolting, agronomic potential, reduced transpiration rate, better stomatal control, intrinsic water use, photosynthetic apparatus efficiency, and reduced oxidative stress. The strains UFU-189#3#2#1 and UFU-199#2#1#1 showed the highest levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids (2.53 mg 100 g⁻¹ and 0.412 mg 100 g⁻¹, respectively). Evaluating the structural performance of photosystem II (PSII), the strains UFU-199#1#1, UFU-215#1#2, and UFU MiniBioFort-2015#1 showed the lowest values for minimum fluorescence (FO) (6685.17, 7000.33, and 8984.83, respectively) and the highest potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) (0.81, 0.83, and 0.79, respectively). Conclusion This study provides compelling evidence that biofortified lettuce strains developed under the UFU breeding program combine agronomic vigor, physiological efficiency, and biofortification.

Umburana is a woody plant from Caatinga with several medicinal uses. Anthropogenic interference in naturally occurring areas and extractivism has put this species at risk of extinction. This study optimizes the multiplication and rooting protocols for the in vitro cultivation of umburana. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design using nodal segments as explants. During the multiplication phase, four culture media, four doses of BAP, and two doses of sucrose were tested, with six replicates. The second experiment focused on rooting, where the plant regulator IBA was tested on explants using three different doses and four durations of permanence, with four replicates. The highest dry biomass was achieved with 30 g. L-1 of sucrose, whereas the greatest fresh biomass, number of buds, and shoots were produced in MS medium with BAP concentrations between 0.5 - 0.6 mg. L-1. To achieve a greater number of roots, 30 days of exposure to IBA at 1 or 2 mg. L-1 is necessary, whereas for producing larger roots, 15 days of exposure to the same IBA concentrations is sufficient. RESUMO: A umburana é uma lenhosa típica da Caatinga que apresenta múltiplos usos, principalmente o potencial medicinal. Interferências antrópicas em áreas de ocorrência natural, aliadas ao extrativismo, tem colocado a espécie em risco de extinção. O objetivo deste estudo foi otimizar o protocolo de multiplicação e enraizamento para o cultivo in vitro de umburana. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em DIC e segmentos nodais foram utilizados como explantes. Na fase de multiplicação, foram testados quatro meios de cultura, quatro doses de BAP e duas doses de sacarose. No segundo experimento, relativo ao enraizamento, testou-se o regulador vegetal AIB sob os explantes em três doses e quatro períodos de permanência. Identificou-se que maior biomassa seca foi produzida com 30 g.L-1 de sacarose e maior biomassa fresca, número de gemas e brotos em meio MS com concentrações de BAP entre 0,5 - 0,6 mg. L-1. Para maior número de raízes, 30 dias de exposição ao AIB com 1 ou 2 mg. L-1 são necessários, e para a produção de raízes maiores, bastam 15 dias de exposição ao AIB com 1 ou 2 mg. L-1.

When obtaining new cultivars or monitoring the nutritional composition of lettuce, new techniques are necessary given the high cost and time required to conduct laboratory analyses of plant composition by conventional methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate different vegetation indices for the estimation of anthocyanin, chlorophyll, and carotenoids in mini-lettuce genotypes with different leaf colors and different typologies from red, green, and blue (RGB) images. The contents of pigments were evaluated in 15 lettuce genotypes, in addition to the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index and vegetation indices in the visible range. The variability among genotypes was confirmed by the Scott-Knott test (p < 0.05) and multivariate analysis. Linear regressions were obtained between the green leaf index (GLI) and leaf pigments. GLI was a good predictor for estimating the contents of anthocyanin (r = −0.83; r2 = 0.75), carotenoid (r = −0.59; r2 = 0.43), chlorophyll a (r = −0.69; r2 = 0.48), chlorophyll b (r = −0.62; r2 = 0.39), and total chlorophyll (r = −0.77; r2 = 0.65) in red and green mini-lettuce. The high-performance phenotyping technique can be used to evaluate leaf pigments in breeding programs, as well as in crops for monitoring biofortification levels in lettuce.

Brazilian producers of noble garlic (Allium sativum L.) have sought to enhance the productivity and quality of garlic by applying a vernalization technique that induces bulb formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of garlic bulbs produced from different noble garlic cultivars at varying vernalization temperatures. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Wehrmann Agricultural Group and was replicated three times on April 4th (Experiment I), April 18th (Experiment II), and May 16th, 2019 (Experiment III). The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of three garlic cultivars: Quitéria, Ito, and Chonan, and three vernalization temperatures (-1 to -3°C; 1 to 3°C; and 2 to 4°C). After harvesting, the bulbs were counted, weighed, and classified based on sieves ranging from 2 to 8, according to the transverse bulb diameter. Following this classification, the commercial, total, and industrial bulb yields were estimated. Negative vernalization temperatures resulted in slower bulb development in all experiments; however, this was associated with a higher potential for bulb growth. Notably, the Chonan cultivar outperformed the other cultivars. Negative vernalization temperature increased the yield of bulbs in the 5–7 and 8 classes (higher commercial value classes), reduced the bulb yields in the 2–4 and industrial classes (lower commercial value classes), and enhanced the total yield.

Urbanization has provided greater demand for food, and the search for strategies capable of reducing waste is essential to ensure food security. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) culture has a short life cycle and its harvest point is determined visually, causing waste and important losses. Using vegetation indices could be an important alternative to reduce errors during harvest definition. The objective of this study was to evaluate different vegetation indices to predict the growth rate and harvest point of lettuce. Twenty-five genotypes of biofortified green lettuce were evaluated. The Green Leaf Index (GLI), Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), Spectral Slope Saturation Index (SI), and Overall Hue Index (HUE) were calculated from images captured at 1, 8, 18, 24, and 36 days after transplanting (vegetative state). The diameter and average leaf area of plants were measured using QGIS software. Green mass, number of leaves, and plant and stem diameter were measured in the field. The means were compared using the Scott–Knott test (p ≤ 0.05) and simple linear regression models were generated to monitor the growth rate, obtaining R2 values ranging from 62% to 99%. Genetic dissimilarity was confirmed by the multivariate analysis presenting a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 88.49%. Furthermore, validation between data collected in the field versus data obtained by imaging was performed using Pearson’s correlations and showed moderate to high values. Overall, the vegetation indices SI, GLI, and NGRDI were efficient for monitoring the growth rate and determining the harvest point of different green lettuce genotypes, in attempts to reduce waste and losses. It is suggested that the definition of the harvest point based on vegetation indices are specific for each genotype.