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Background CAPOS syndrome (cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pescavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss) is a rare congenital autosomal dominant disorder. The resulting neurological sequelae of impairments are progressive in nature and may interfere with functional independence, performing activities of daily living (ADL’s), and subsequently, affecting the quality of life (QOL). Since it is an extremely rare disorder, there is a severe dearth in the literature about how specific physiotherapy interventions may affect their functional status. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and Frenkel’s coordination exercises on functional recovery in a patient with CAPOS syndrome. Case presentation We herein present a case of a 25-year-old Indian male with complaints of generalized body weakness, difficulty visualizing distant objects, nystagmus, progressive sensorineural deafness, and ataxia. He was rehabilitated with a structured/customized physiotherapy protocol consisting of PNF approach and coordination exercises for 4 weeks, 6 days/week, 60 min daily. An improvement in overall functional performance of patient as per post-intervention scores of manual muscle testing, trunk control measurement scale, functional independence measure (components of self-care, transfers, and locomotion), and decline in severity of ataxia on scale for assessment and rating of ataxia scale was observed. Conclusion PNF and Frenkel’s exercises resulted in an improvement in overall functional performance of the patient. Improvement was observed in post-test scores of Manual Muscle Testing (MMT), Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for the components of self-care, transfers, and locomotion. Additionally, results also showed a decline in severity of ataxia on post-test scores of scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) scale (i.e., from severe to moderate).

Background Accurate vertical dimension of rest (VDR) is critical in complete denture fabrication. Along with conventional phonetic and electromyographic (EMG) methods; cephalometric angular reconstruction (CAR) has recently been proposed as a reliable approach that minimizes reliance on patient dexterity. This in-vivo study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the CAR method by comparing it with conventional and electromyographic methods in determining VDR in edentulous subjects. Materials and methods Twenty completely edentulous patients were enrolled. For each patient, VDR was measured using phonetic, CAR, and EMG methods. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 23 using one-way ANOVA and independent t -tests. A sample size of 20 provided 80% power with an effect size of 0.8 at a significance level of 0.05. One month after denture insertion, patient satisfaction was assessed with a structured questionnaire. Results The mean VDR (cm) was 5.36 ± 0.61 for the conventional method, 5.35 ± 0.74 for CAR, and 5.64 ± 0.62 for EMG. Although the EMG method yielded slightly higher values, independent t -tests revealed no statistically significant differences between conventional and CAR ( p  = 0.962), conventional and EMG ( p  = 0.181), or CAR and EMG ( p  = 0.167). Patient satisfaction scores indicated favorable outcomes across all groups. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference among the three methods, confirming that CAR can serve as a viable alternative to conventional and EMG approaches. Clinical implications The CAR method may be particularly useful for patients with neuromuscular issues, psychological challenges, or limited cooperation during traditional VDR recording.

This research looks at how India's cosmetics sector has changed over the last 100 years due to changes in customer preferences, technology developments, and changing legal frameworks. It follows significant historical moments, from the arrival of global behemoths in the 1960s to more contemporary fads like social media marketing, organic products, and e-commerce. Using a quantitative and exploratory methodology, the study attempts to evaluate consumer preferences, market size, emerging trends, growth factors, and marketing tactics. Important conclusions include the industry's valuation of almost $6 billion, its 3% yearly growth rate, and the increasing focus on affordability. The move toward natural products, the impact of social media, and the growth of vegan and cruelty-free options are all highlighted in the conclusion.

According to the World Bank's South Asia Economic Focus Spring 2018 report, India's working-age population (those above the age of 15) is expanding by approximately 1.3 million a month during 2015-2025. [...]it needs to create millions of jobs every year to reap the advantage of this demographic dividend. A Bain & Co research had predicted that encouraging women entrepreneurship can increase direct employment by 50 million to 60 million people, and increase indirect and induced employment of another 100 million to 110 million people by 2030. Besides contributing to the economy, women entrepreneurship will also have tangible social outcomes in terms of improved education and health.

Background & objectives: The PregCovid registry was established to document the clinical presentations, pregnancy outcomes and mortality of pregnant and post-partum women with COVID-19. Methods: The PregCovid registry prospectively collects information in near-real time on pregnant and post-partum women with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 from 19 medical colleges across the State of Maharashtra, India. Data of 4203 pregnant women collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-January 2021) was analyzed. Results: There were 3213 live births, 77 miscarriages and 834 undelivered pregnancies. The proportion of pregnancy/foetal loss including stillbirths was six per cent. Five hundred and thirty-four women (13%) were symptomatic, of which 382 (72%) had mild, 112 (21%) had moderate, and 40 (7.5%) had severe disease. The most common complication was preterm delivery (528, 16.3%) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (328, 10.1%). A total of 158 (3.8%) pregnant and post-partum women required intensive care, of which 152 (96%) were due to COVID-19 related complications. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) in pregnant and post-partum women with COVID-19 was 0.8 per cent (34/4203). Higher CFR was observed in Pune (9/853, 1.1%), Marathwada (4/351, 1.1%) regions as compared to Vidarbha (9/1155, 0.8%), Mumbai Metropolitan (11/1684, 0.7%), and Khandesh (1/160, 0.6%) regions. Comorbidities of anaemia, tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus were associated with maternal deaths. Interpretation & conclusions: The study demonstrates the adverse outcomes including severe COVID-19 disease, pregnancy loss and maternal death in women with COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India.

To the Editor: Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for nearly 1/3rd of all major congenital anomalies, affecting 0.8–1% of all live births [1]. The primary objective was to determine proportion of children developing AKI by KDIGO definition (using the serum creatinine criteria alone), during hospital stay; secondary objectives were to identify the risk factors for AKI. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in India.

The Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation of Weak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor (WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2 PDZ ) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2 PDZ binding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique “internal-PDZ binding motif” (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2 PDZ interaction to activate the GEF. The residues at P 2 , P 0 , P -2 and P -3 positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEF pep -Dvl2 PDZ interaction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2 PDZ -WGEF IPM peptide complexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2 PDZ interaction may differ from the reported Dvl2 PDZ -IPM interactions. Additionally, the apo structure of human Dvl2 PDZ shows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2 PDZ -peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF. This study identifies a unique “internal-PDZ binding motif” (IPM) of WGEF that mediates its interaction with Dvl2 PDZ , leading to the release of GEF from its autoinhibitory state. It further unravels the underlying mutual Dvl2-IPM recognition aspects.

IntroductionPregnant women are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to several factors and therefore require special attention. However, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women and their newborns remain uncharted. The PregCovid registry aims to document the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant, postpartum women and their newborns. The aim of the registry is also to determine mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India.Methods and analysisPregCovid is a hospital-based registry for capturing information of pregnant, postpartum women with COVID-19 and their newborns in India. Medical case records of pregnant and postpartum women with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 will be captured in real-time using an online electronic patient record software. The data analysis will be carried out for symptoms, the severity of COVID-19, pregnancy complications, maternal morbidity and mortality, neonatal complications, mother-to-child transmission, etc. Data analysis will be carried out for different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic for rapid response and developing strategies well in advance to manage pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. The evidence generated from the registry will be regularly shared with the appropriate authorities for policy decisions. Thus, the registry data may be useful for planning the strategies for better management of pregnant women with COVID-19.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committees of all the participating study sites under the Medical Education and Drugs Department, Government of Maharashtra, Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai and ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India. The results from this study will be disseminated with local, state, and national health authorities, collaborators and the general population on the study website (https://pregcovid.com) as well as dissemination through scientific meetings and publications.Trial registration numberCTRI/2020/05/025423.

Amidst Covid-19, young adults have experienced major symptoms of anxiety and/or depression disorder (56%). Mental health issues have been spiking all over the world rapidly. People have taken up to social media as a platform to vent about their mental breakdowns. Twitter has seen enormous rise in depressive and anxious tweets in these times, but the downside being that majority of the population has neglected the importance of mental health issues and there are not enough resources to liberate people about it. Also, people hesitate to talk about their mental issues and seek help. So, a machine learning model using distant supervision to detect depression on Twitter is curated. Use of Sentiment140 dataset with 1.6 million records of different tweets. Our training data makes use of Twitter tweets included with emojis, which are classified as noisy labels on a dataset. Further, this paper mentions about how to use models like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost to distinguishing tweets between depressive or nondepressive. The purpose behind using multiple models is to achieve highest accuracy when trained with emoticon dataset. The paper’s main contribution is the idea of using tweets with emoticons for distant supervised learning.

Anoctaminopathies are a group of autosomal recessive skeletal muscle disorders with various clinical phenotypes, caused by anoctamin 5 (ANO5) gene mutations and the abnormal expression of ANO5 protein. Patients with recessive mutations in ANO5 present with variable symptoms ranging from asymptomatic hyperCKemia and exercise-induced myalgia to proximal and/or distal muscle weakness. Here, we describe the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings of two unrelated patients with ANO5-related muscular dystrophy (MD). Ninety-six histologically identified MD cases were subjected to next-generation sequencing using a customized panel of 54 genes (IIlumina Design Studio). Two patients were diagnosed with ANO5-related MD. One patient had a pathogenic homozygous mutation of c.1406G>A in exon 14, while the other patient had a novel heterozygous mutation of c.2141C>G in exon 19 of ANO5 gene. Both showed two different phenotypes (limb girdle MD and Miyoshi myopathy) and histomorphological patterns. Muscle biopsy of one patient in addition showed amyloid deposit in the walls of interstitial blood vessels. ANO5-related MD is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical phenotypes as well as genotypes. All muscle biopsies with unclassified muscular dystrophies should be subjected to Congo red stain. The results of this study suggest that screening for ANO5 gene should represent an early step in the diagnostic work-up of the patients with undiagnosed MD and persistent asymptomatic hyperCKemia, even when muscle biopsy histomorphology is normal.