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"Malouf, Michael"
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Estimating the Cost of Wildlife Strikes in Australian Aviation Using Random Forest Modeling
Wildlife strikes in aviation represent a serious economic concern; however, in some jurisdictions, the costs associated with this phenomenon are not collected or shared. This hampers the industry’s ability to quantify the risk and assess the potential benefit from investment in effective wildlife hazard management activities. This research project has applied machine learning to the problem by training a random forest algorithm on wildlife strike cost data collected in the United States and predicting the costs associated with wildlife strikes in Australia. This method estimated a mean annual figure of AUD 7.9 million in repair costs and AUD 4.8 million in other costs from 2008 to 2017. It also provided year-on-year estimates showing variability through the reporting period that was not correlated with strike report numbers. This research provides a baseline figure for the Australian aviation industry to assess and review current and future wildlife hazard management practices. It also provides a technique for other countries, airlines, or airports to estimate the cost of wildlife strikes within their jurisdictions or operational environments.
Journal Article
Caribbean Modernism and Cleary’s Modernism, Empire, and World Literature
Joe Cleary’s Modernism, Empire, and World Literature critiques Casanova’s theory of World Literature and adapts it to a new model of transatlantic modernism. This review essay recasts Cleary’s theory through a Caribbean perspective by applying it to the poetry and early career of Claude McKay
Journal Article
The Poe Test: Global English and The Gold Bug
This essay examines the production of Global English through literary texts by examining three adaptations of Edgar Allan Poe’s short story “The Gold Bug” in the 1930s by competing figures in the vocabulary control movement—Harold Palmer, Michael West, and C. K. Ogden—leaders in the formation of the field of applied linguistics. The first part of the essay explains the colonial origins of the vocabulary word list and its ascendant value in the interwar period for the new discipline of applied linguistics, and as part of the competition for English language textbooks. This leads to an analysis of these three simplifications of Poe’s story that demonstrates how the language politics in Poe’s story provides a structure through which to express a nascent Global English ideology regarding race, vernacular, and auxiliary languages.
Journal Article
The impact of COVID-19 on wildlife strike rates in the United States
Shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic impacted air traffic, industry bodies warned of the potential increase in wildlife strike risk. Prior to the pandemic, wildlife strikes were already a concern to the industry. We sought to evaluate industry warnings using interrupted time series analysis of wildlife strike trends in the United States. Using pre-pandemic wildlife strike trends, we compared a forecast of the expected monthly strike rates through the COVID-19 impact period (March 2020 to December 2020) to the actual wildlife strike rates for the same period. Our results showed an increase in wildlife strike rates in 5 out of the 10 months analyzed, supporting the need for careful consideration of wildlife strike risk through the industry’s recovery.
Journal Article
Pre‐operative transcranial Doppler ultrasound assessment of cerebral collateral circulation in children undergoing veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or cardiac surgery
Children requiring veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) or cardiac surgery often undergo cervical cannulation or carotid artery clamping, which can interrupt cerebral circulation. Inadequate collateral flow through the circle of Willis (CoW) may lead to cerebral ischaemia within the vascular territory and/or watershed regions. Pre‐cannulation survey of the CoW using transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound may be performed to predict and plan neuroprotection. It is important to note in this article TCD refers to Duplex or colour coded trans‐cranial Doppler (TCCD) using radiology‐based machines, which is distinct from the more traditional trans‐cranial Doppler technique that does not incorporate a B‐mode image. This article describes our technique, in use since 2019, to guide surgical approaches and neuroprotective measures when an incomplete CoW is identified. High‐end radiology‐based ultrasound platforms and various transducers are used to assess brain morphology and haemorrhage through the anterior fontanelle in neonates. TCD is performed with the highest frequency transducer possible, utilising Doppler imaging to visualise cerebral arteries. Manual carotid compression can be used to functionally assess collateral flow when segments appear aplastic or hypoplastic. Potential pitfalls include mistaking the anterior choroidal artery for a hypoplastic posterior communicating artery (PCommA). Since implementing this protocol 5 years ago, no catastrophic infarcts related to cervical cannulation have occurred. This technique provides a practical solution for pre‐operative assessment of cerebral collateral circulation in children undergoing VA ECMO or cardiac surgery, allowing for consideration of neuroprotective measures and improving patient safety.
Journal Article
When Were We Creole?
By contrast, the twelve essays in this collection follow in the wake of recent historical studies of creolization that expand our sense of the term beyond the Caribbean region, such as Megan Vaughan's history of Mauritius, Creating the Creole Island and Michel Rolph Trouillot's Global Transformations: Anthropology and the Modern World, both of which avoid using the term as only a metaphor for globalization. Yet as Stewart observes in his carefully balanced and thoughtful introduction, the shared impulse of the collection to recover an original theoretical formulation stands in ironic opposition to the conventional sense of the term, which has come to signify the refusal of return to origins or of the kind of faith in etymology that underlies many of these essays. In Suriname, a creole refers to a person of African origin, whereas in French Guyana it refers to someone who has become more European in style or language. [...]while its origin as a geographical classification is apparent in its earliest uses (outside of the Caribbean) in Brazil, Latin America, Mexico, and in the Indian-Oceanic islands of Réunion and Mauritius, its history and adaptations afterwards remain specific to each locale. In colonial Mexico, creole signified a mixture between Spanish and indigenous nobility that was crucial for an ideology of manifest destiny and for maintaining social divisions according to race and class; yet, as Cañizares-Esguerra demonstrates, this same conceptualization of creole identity later allowed for its ideological role in the anti-colonial Wars of Independence, when Bolívar expanded the meaning of \"creole\" to include those mestizos that the term was once designed to exclude by redeploying its geographical reference.
Journal Article
