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The author carried out a pan-India study, “An Empirical Study to Examine the Impact of Legal Aid Services Provided by the Legal Aid Counsels on the Quality of the Legal Aid System in India,” funded by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Ministry of Human Resource Development, to investigate how a lack of competence and commitment of the LACs affects the main purpose of legal aid services in India. A total of 3,029 legal aid beneficiaries, 609 judicial officers, 1,007 empanelled legal aid advocates, 33 regulators/secretaries, 3,120 women respondents who were aware but did not opt for legal aid, and 8,537 women respondents who were unaware of legal aid services. [...]this research uses inputs received from 16,337 respondents to analyse the level of commitment and competence among the LACs. Research Method for Primary Data Collection The research was designed to collect primary data through personally administered structured, open-ended and close-ended questionnaires from the major stakeholders of the legal aid programme in the universe, that is, in total 18 states and 36 districts (at least two states were taken each from North, South, East, West, Central and North East zones; one rural and one urban district in each state was selected; refer to Table 1). Details of Respondents Interviewed in the Research Universe (States & Districts) Sr No Districts Beneficiaries Legal Aid Counsel Judicial Officers Women (Eligible for Legal Aid But Didn’t Opt) Women (Unaware) Women (Willing, Due to lack of resources) Women (Unwilling, lack of trust over LAS) Secretary 1 State: Haryana Gurugram 76 17 12 78 113 85 28 1 Rohtak 72 14 8 103 100 86 14 1 Total 148 31 20 181 213 171 42 2 2 State: Rajasthan Jodhpur 47 18 14 51 80 51 29 1 Pali 40 21 8 26 50 34 16 1 Total 87 39 22 77 130 85 45 2 3 State: Punjab Patiala 60 21 20 51 91 61 30 1 Sangrur 33 30 13 16 74 45 29 1 Total 93 51 33 67 165 106 59 2 4 State: Karnataka Bangalore Urban 67 38 19 39 123 71 52 1 Bangalore Rural 58 23 11 45 168 103 65 1 Total 125 61 30 84 291 174 117 2 5 State: Gujarat Ahmedabad 88 50 31 114 248 151 97 0 Gandhinagar 59 19 19 54 110 57 53 1 Total 147 69 50 168 358 208 150 1 6 State: Tamil Nadu Tiruchirappalli 70 48 21 55 251 183 68 1 Thanjavur 54 36 24 71 247 157 90 1 Total 124 84 45 126 498 340 158 2 7 State: Maharashtra Aurangabad 139 46 34 63 337 167 170 1 Jalna 64 34 20 73 512 357 155 1 Total 203 80 54 136 849 524 325 2 8 State: Madhya Pradesh Indore 101 78 19 88 381 285 96 1 Dhar 39 38 10 40 130 60 70 1 Total 140 116 29 128 511 345 166 2 9 State: Meghalaya Shillong 98 17 11 75 183 127 56 1 Nongpoh 47 13 4 21 24 18 6 1 Jowai 26 7 0 4 10 7 3 0 Total 171 37 15 100 217 152 65 2 10 State: Himachal Pradesh Shimla 83 27 13 43 80 70 10 1 Solan 47 15 9 26 55 40 15 1 Total 130 42 22 69 135 110 25 2 11 State: Odisha Bhubaneshwar 110 19 9 110 46 36 10 0 Cuttack 61 20 10 44 90 60 30 1 Total 171 39 19 154 136 96 40 1 12 State: Assam Guwahati 72 11 20 65 200 145 55 1 Amingaon 38 24 10 40 76 63 13 0 Total 110 35 30 105 276 208 68 1 13 State: Uttar Pradesh Allahabad 73 5 11 94 270 248 22 1 Gautama Buddha Nagar 100 21 9 94 136 26 110 1 Total 173 26 20 188 406 274 132 2 14 State: West Bengal Kolkata 113 20 29 135 298 178 120 1 24 North Pargana 97 31 14 112 292 180 112 1 Total 210 51 43 247 590 358 232 2 15 State: Chhattisgarh Raipur 134 34 26 157 548 407 141 1 Durg 107 34 31 134 388 312 76 1 Total 241 68 57 291 936 719 217 2 16 State: Jharkhand Ranchi 86 32 24 113 445 226 219 1 Ramgarh 53 15 10 34 470 403 67 1 Total 139 47 34 147 915 629 286 2 17 State: Andhra Pradesh Vizag 167 38 25 320 519 329 190 1 Vizianagaram 79 32 17 97 277 157 120 1 Total 246 70 42 417 796 486 310 2 18 State: Kerala Pathanamthitta 127 28 13 132 272 162 110 1 Alappuzha 244 33 31 303 845 595 250 1 Total 371 61 44 435 1,117 757 360 2 Grand Total 3,029 1,007 609 3,120 8,539 5,742 2,797 33 The primary data for the research was collected from all the stakeholders such as LACs, beneficiaries, regulators of legal aid services, judicial officers/judges, and women beneficiaries who were eligible but did not opt for legal aid services, as per the questionnaires from the specified Universe (refer to Table 2).

This research paper is based on the empirical research on the impact of competency and commitment of legal aid counsels on legal aid system in Delhi. The said Empirical Research was conducted under auspices of the UGC Research Award in Law 2014 Research Project. The Research paper is a reflection of the evaluation of competency and commitment of legal aid counsels by various stakeholders of legal aid services such as beneficiaries, judicial officers dealt with legal aid cases, and regulators of legal aid services in 11 Districts Courts in Delhi and Delhi High Court.

Domestic workers, whether inside or outside India, due to feeble bargaining powers as compared to employer, do not have sound negotiating ability for determining terms and conditions of employment. Employers can terminate employment of domestic workers at any time without following any process and without paying entitled benefits for termination of service. Catena of statutory protections to domestic workers under domestic laws, have been confined to statute book only. Ground reality is just opposite to the rule book. Troubles of domestic workers revolve around deplorable and pathetic working conditions and modest rates of employment benefits. This paper is an endeavour to examine the scope of human rights protection pertaining to working, living and social security protections at national and international levels to domestic workers. This paper, would also examine the existing legislative framework and pending bills/drafts protecting domestic workers in India and abroad.

It is pertinent to note that the delivery of knowledge using Information Technology (IT) has influenced the strategy of teaching-learning pedagogy in legal education nationally and globally. The usage of such technology has potentially filled in the gaps left by the more traditional models of knowledge which had been dominated by texts and lectures and traditional didactic or transmission approaches for teaching and learning. A large junk of secondary data is easily accessible at a click of a mouse. Nobody can deny the fact that the IT has significantly facilitated the process of creation, storage and maintenance of information for the purpose of primary as well as secondary researches across the globe. It cannot be overlooked that on one hand, the quality of legal education has improved considerably after the implementation of IT whereas on the other hand, the quality of research is being diluted by substandard data, arising out of lack of authentic, accurate, complete and latest secondary data and plagiarism. Therefore IT is required to be used with great caution for the expansion of legal education and research in the age of globalisation in the 21st Century. This research paper is an attempt to provide insights into the impact of the IT tools on stimulating quality of legal education and legal research. The research article will concentrate on the following research questions: 1. Whether the lack of availability of authentic data on IT sources detrimentally affects the quality of legal education and research? 2. Whether the deficit of availability of complete & latest data on IT sources adversely affects the quality of legal education and research? 3. How to overcome the restraints of IT sources for the advancement of legal education and research? This research paper will also examine the inherent dangers involved in the collection of secondary data from the IT sources for the advancement of legal education and research. The researcher would also explore the remedial measures to overcome the deterrents of IT for the effective and efficient use of IT for the expansion of legal education and legal research.\"