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"Mao, Qi-Qi"
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Resveratrol induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of human T24 bladder cancer cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidant compound present in grapes and red wine, has been reported to hold various biochemical responses. In this preliminary study, we evaluate the chemopreventive potential of resveratrol against bladder cancer and its mechanism of action. Treatment of bladder cancer cells with resveratrol resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability. Resveratrol induced apoptosis through the modulation of Bcl‐2 family proteins and activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 followed by poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase degradation. Treatment with resveratrol led to G1 phase cell cycle arrest in T24 cells by activation of p21 and downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and phosphorylated Rb. Resveratrol also inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, whereas the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was enhanced. In addition, resveratrol treatment decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor‐2, which might contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth on the bladder cancer xenograft model. These findings suggest that reveratrol could be an important chemoprevention agent for bladder cancer. (Cancer Sci 2009)
Journal Article
Evolution of the conductive filament system in HfO2-based memristors observed by direct atomic-scale imaging
The resistive switching effect in memristors typically stems from the formation and rupture of localized conductive filament paths, and HfO
2
has been accepted as one of the most promising resistive switching materials. However, the dynamic changes in the resistive switching process, including the composition and structure of conductive filaments, and especially the evolution of conductive filament surroundings, remain controversial in HfO
2
-based memristors. Here, the conductive filament system in the amorphous HfO
2
-based memristors with various top electrodes is revealed to be with a quasi-core-shell structure consisting of metallic hexagonal-Hf
6
O and its crystalline surroundings (monoclinic or tetragonal HfO
x
). The phase of the HfO
x
shell varies with the oxygen reservation capability of the top electrode. According to extensive high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations and ab initio calculations, the phase transition of the conductive filament shell between monoclinic and tetragonal HfO
2
is proposed to depend on the comprehensive effects of Joule heat from the conductive filament current and the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The quasi-core-shell conductive filament system with an intrinsic barrier, which prohibits conductive filament oxidation, ensures the extreme scalability of resistive switching memristors. This study renovates the understanding of the conductive filament evolution in HfO
2
-based memristors and provides potential inspirations to improve oxide memristors for nonvolatile storage-class memory applications.
Understanding the mechanism of the formation and rupture of conductive filaments in HfO
2
-based memristors is essential to solve the problem of scalability of the devices. Here, Zhang et al. visualize this process by tracking atomic-scale evolution of conductive filaments during resistive switching cycles.
Journal Article
Vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and methionine and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Background
Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the association between pancreatic cancer risk and intake or blood levels of vitamins B6, B12 and methionine via meta-analysis.
Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to April 2020 to identify relevant studies. Risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were retrieved from the studies and combined by a random-effect model.
Results
A total of 18 studies were included in this meta-analysis on the association of vitamin B6, B12 and methionine with pancreatic cancer risk. The combined risk estimate (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer for the highest vs lowest category of vitamin B6 intake and blood pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP, active form of vitamin B6) levels was 0.63 (0.48–0.79) and 0.65 (0.52–0.79), respectively. The results indicated a non-linear dose-response relationship between vitamin B6 intake and pancreatic risk. Linear dose–response relationship was found, and the risk of pancreatic cancer decreased by 9% for every 10 nmol/L increment in blood PLP levels. No significant association were found between pancreatic cancer risk and vitamin B12 intake, blood vitamin B12 levels, methionine intake and blood methionine levels.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that high intake of vitamin B6 and high concentration of blood PLP levels may be protective against the development of pancreatic cancer. Further research are warranted to confirm the results.
Journal Article
The Elements and Sustainable Innovative Design of Button Knots in the Period of Republic of China
Button knots craftsmanship is on the verge of extinction because it is not in line with modern life. This paper firstly applies literature review and field investigation to summarize the shapes, knot-applied parts and materials as three key elements of button knots in the period of Republic of China. Secondly, the paper innovatively designs the button knots from the perspective of sustainability. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the innovation application of button knots in modern design through peer review and questionnaire, which shows inheritance and innovation of button knots design. The shape innovation of button knots with the concept of inheriting Chinese traditional culture or caring for the environment, the innovation of knot-applied parts at the belt or chest of the clothing, the material innovation of button knots with natural materials such as cotton, linen, silk and wool or new environmentally friendly materials are all possible paths for future sustainable design in button knots.
Journal Article
Microscopic mechanism of imprint in hafnium oxide-based ferroelectrics
Hafnia-based ferroelectrics have greatly revived the field of ferroelectric memory (FeRAM), but certain reliability issues must be satisfactorily resolved before they can be widely applied in commercial memories. In particular, the imprint phenomenon severely jeopardizes the read-out reliability in hafnia-based ferroelectric capacitors, but its origin remains unclear, which hinders the development of its recovery schemes. In this work, we have systematically investigated the imprint mechanism in TiN/Hf
0.5
Zr
0.5
O
2
(HZO)/TiN ferroelectric capacitors using experiments and first-principles calculations. It is shown that carrier injection-induced charged oxygen vacancies are at the heart of imprint in HZO, where other mechanisms such as domain pinning and dead layer are less important. An imprint model based on electron de-trapping from oxygen vacancy sites has been proposed that can satisfactorily explain several experimental facts such as the strong asymmetric imprint, leakage current variation, and so forth. Based on this model, an effective imprint recovery method has been proposed, which utilizes unipolar rather than bipolar voltage inputs. The remarkable recovery performances demonstrate the prospect of improved device reliability in hafnia-based FeRAM devices.
Journal Article
Enhancing pyrolysis efficiency of oil sludge with coconut shell insights into hydrocarbon recovery and heavy metal stabilization
This study investigates the effect of coconut shell (CS) addition on the pyrolysis behavior of oil sludge (OS) through co-pyrolysis experiments using bottom sludge from an oil refinery in Sichuan Province, China. Changes in pyrolysis-derived oil composition, residue elemental characteristics, and heavy metal stabilization were analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic modeling were performed to elucidate reaction mechanisms. The results indicate that CS exerts a pronounced synergistic effect on OS pyrolysis. Specifically: (1) The yield of light oil fractions increased significantly. The C18 hydrocarbon content in the recovered oil decreased, promoting macromolecular decomposition during OS pyrolysis. (2) The concentrations of hydrogen (·H) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) increased, enhancing the cracking of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons and saturated compounds. The carbon content and fixed carbon in coconut shell and oil sludge (OCC) residue increased by 40.10% and 487.77%, respectively, compared to OS alone. (3) Heavy metal immobilization improved markedly. The leaching concentration of Pb in the residue decreased by 68.37% with CS addition. Furthermore, at a CS: OS ratio of 1:1, the second-stage weight loss rate increased by 2.7 wt%/min, while the activation energy of the third-stage reaction decreased from 8.30 kJ/mol to 3.30 kJ/mol. These findings provide theoretical insights into heat and mass transfer mechanisms and support the engineering application of biomass-assisted pyrolysis for oil sludge treatment.
Journal Article
Resolution Enhancement of Remotely Sensed Land Surface Temperature: Current Status and Perspectives
Remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) distribution has played a valuable role in land surface processes studies from local to global scales. However, it is still difficult to acquire concurrently high spatiotemporal resolution LST data due to the trade-off between spatial and temporal resolutions in thermal remote sensing. To address this problem, various methods have been proposed to enhance the resolutions of LST data, and substantial progress in this field has been achieved in recent years. Therefore, this study reviewed the current status of resolution enhancement methods for LST data. First, three groups of enhancement methods—spatial resolution enhancement, temporal resolution enhancement, and simultaneous spatiotemporal resolution enhancement—were comprehensively investigated and analyzed. Then, the quality assessment strategies for LST resolution enhancement methods and their advantages and disadvantages were specifically discussed. Finally, key directions for future studies in this field were suggested, i.e., synergy between process-driven and data-driven methods, cross-comparison among different methods, and improvement in localization strategy.
Journal Article
Effects of probiotics on type II diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Objective
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Databases, Wan Fang database and China biology medicine disc for relevant studies published before June 2019. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used as indicators for T2DM. Inverse-variance weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for the mean HbA1c, FBG and HOMA-IR changes from baseline.
Results
15 randomized controlled trials (RCT) with a total of 902 participants were included into the meta-analysis. Considering the clinical heterogeneity caused by variation of dosage and duration of probiotic treatment, random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled WMD. Significantly greater reduction in HbA1c% (WMD = − 0.24, 95% CI [− 0.44, − 0.04],
p
= 0.02), FBG (WMD = − 0.44 mmol/L, 95% CI [− 0.74, − 0.15],
p
= 0.003) and HOMA-IR (WMD = − 1.07, 95% CI [− 1.58, − 0.56],
p
< 0.00001) were observed in probiotics treated group. Further sensitivity analysis verified the reliability and stability of our results.
Conclusion
The results of our meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce HbA1c, FBG and insulin resistance level in T2DM patients. More clinical data and research into the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in T2DM.
Journal Article
Recent advances in dopaminergic strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease
s
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide. However, there is no available therapy reversing the neurodegenerative process of PD. Based on the loss of dopamine or dopaminergic dysfunction in PD patients, most of the current therapies focus on symptomatic relief to improve patient quality of life. As dopamine replacement treatment remains the most effective symptomatic pharmacotherapy for PD, herein we provide an overview of the current pharmacotherapies, summarize the clinical development status of novel dopaminergic agents, and highlight the challenge and opportunity of emerging preclinical dopaminergic approaches aimed at managing the features and progression of PD.
Journal Article