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Recent clinical trials demonstrated that mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using second-generation endovascular devices has beneficial effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). However, it remains controversial if intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to MT is superior compared to direct mechanical thrombectomy (DMT). The aims of this study were to compare short and long-term outcomes between IVT + MT and DMT patients. We prospectively recruited AIS patients with LVO in the anterior or posterior circulation eligible for MT with and without prior IVT. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality were assessed at baseline, at discharge, 90-days and 1-year after stroke. Favorable outcome was defined as a mRS score ≤2. Of the 66 patients included, 33 (50%) were in IVT + MT group and 33 (50%) were in DMT group. Except for a higher prevalence of patients using anticoagulants at admission in DMT group, baseline characteristics did not differ in the two groups. Procedural characteristics were similar in IVT + MT and DMT group. Rate of favorable outcome was significantly higher in IVT + MT patients than DMT ones both 90-days (51.5 vs. 18.2%; p = 0.004) and 1-year (51.5 vs. 15.2%; p = 0.002) after stroke. DMT patients were six times more likely to die during the 1-year follow-up compared to IVT + MT patients. This study suggests that bridging therapy may improve short and long-term outcomes in patients eligible for endovascular treatment. Further studies with larger patient numbers and randomized design are needed to confirm our findings.

The CHA2DS2–VASc score is a validated tool to assess the thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. Pre-stroke CHA2DS2–VASc score may predict outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) without atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to investigate if the pre-stroke CHA2DS2–VASc score is able to predict short- and long-term outcomes in AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). The study group consisted of 256 consecutive patients admitted to the Udine University Hospital with AIS and underwent IVT between January 2015 to March 2017. The pre-stroke CHA2DS2–VASc score for each patient was calculated from the collected baseline data. Patients were classified into three groups according to their pre-stroke CHA2DS2–VASc score: a score of 0 of 1, a score of 2 or 3 and a score above 3. Primary outcome measures were: rate of favorable outcome at 90-days and at 1-year, and mortality at 90-days and at 1-year. Data on functional outcome and mortality 1 year after stroke were collected in 165 patients (65% of the entire sample). Favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2. Compared with the CHA2DS2–VASc score 0–1 group, patients with higher CHA2DS2–VASc scores had a worse outcome and a higher mortality 3 months and 1 year after stroke. The diagnostic performance of the CHA2DS2–VASc score as judged with AUC-ROC was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.64–0.76; p < 0.001) for favorable outcome at 90-days, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71–0.85; p < 0.001) for favorable outcome at 1-year, 0.71 (95% CI 0.61–0.79) for mortality at 90-days, 0.73 (95% CI 0.64–0.80; p < 0.001) for mortality at 1-year. Pre-stroke CHA2DS2–VASc score represents a good predictor for short- and long-term outcomes in AIS patients treated with IVT.

L’eccessiva sonnolenza diurna (EDS) rappresenta un sintomo di diverse patologie o di condizioni parafisiologiche legate al sonno che sta acquistando una sempre maggiore rilevanza non solo nel campo medico, ma anche in quello della sicurezza stradale e sul lavoro. Nell’ambito della patologia psichiatrica, l’EDS riveste una notevole importanza sia in quanto presente in diverse entità nosologiche (dalle sindromi depressive alle psicosi), sia perché può essere confusa con altri sintomi negativi o con effetti collaterali dei farmaci comunemente utilizzati in psichiatria. L’anamnesi, l’utilizzo di scale di misura soggettiva e le metodiche poligrafiche sono elementi indispensabili per una corretta diagnosi. Questo articolo riassume brevemente le caratteristiche cliniche dell’eccessiva sonnolenza diurna, il rapporto con le principali patologie di interesse neurologico e psichiatrico ad essa correlate ed il corretto approccio anamnestico-strumentale.