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"Martin, D"
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Cornelius's Fantasma
\"An overview of how Cornelius's Fantasma album made J-pop a cult phenomonon worldwide.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Defined core–shell particles as the key to complex interfacial self-assembly
The two-dimensional self-assembly of colloidal particles serves as a model system for fundamental studies of structure formation and as a powerful tool to fabricate functional materials and surfaces. However, the prevalence of hexagonal symmetries in such self-assembling systems limits its structural versatility. More than two decades ago, Jagla demonstrated that core–shell particles with two interaction length scales can form complex, nonhexagonal minimum energy configurations. Based on such Jagla potentials, a wide variety of phases including cluster lattices, chains, and quasicrystals have been theoretically discovered. Despite the elegance of this approach, its experimental realization has remained largely elusive. Here, we capitalize on the distinct interfacial morphology of soft particles to design two-dimensional assemblies with structural complexity. We find that core–shell particles consisting of a silica core surface functionalized with a noncrosslinked polymer shell efficiently spread at a liquid interface to form a two-dimensional polymer corona surrounding the core. We controllably grow such shells by iniferter-type controlled radical polymerization. Upon interfacial compression, the resulting core–shell particles arrange in well-defined dimer, trimer, and tetramer lattices before transitioning into complex chain and cluster phases. The experimental phase behavior is accurately reproduced by Monte Carlo simulations andminimumenergy calculations, suggesting that the interfacial assembly interacts via a pairwise-additive Jagla-type potential. By comparing theory, simulation, and experiment, we narrow the Jagla g-parameter of the system to between 0.9 and 2. The possibility to control the interaction potential via the interfacial morphology provides a framework to realize structural features with unprecedented complexity from a simple, one-component system.
Journal Article
Applying Rawls in the twenty-first century : race, gender, the drug war, and the right to die
\"John Rawls was the most influential political thinker of the twentieth century. This book applies his theory of justice to four perennial matters of concern that remain contested in the twenty-first century. Drawing surprising implications, this book deepens our understanding of these issues and points the way toward rational, just policy reform\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Parton distributions from LHC, HERA, Tevatron and fixed target data: MSHT20 PDFs
We present the new MSHT20 set of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, determined from global analyses of the available hard scattering data. The PDFs are made available at NNLO, NLO, and LO, and supersede the MMHT14 sets. They are obtained using the same basic framework, but the parameterisation is now adapted and extended, and there are 32 pairs of eigenvector PDFs. We also include a large number of new data sets: from the final HERA combined data on total and heavy flavour structure functions, to final Tevatron data, and in particular a significant number of new LHC 7 and 8 TeV data sets on vector boson production, inclusive jets and top quark distributions. We include up to NNLO QCD corrections for all data sets that play a major role in the fit, and NLO EW corrections where relevant. We find that these updates have an important impact on the PDFs, and for the first time the NNLO fit is strongly favoured over the NLO, reflecting the wider range and in particular increased precision of data included in the fit. There are some changes to central values and a significant reduction in the uncertainties of the PDFs in many, though not all, cases. Nonetheless, the PDFs and the resulting predictions are generally within one standard deviation of the MMHT14 results. The major changes are the u-d valence quark difference at small x, due to the improved parameterisation and new precise data, the d¯,u¯ difference at small x, due to a much improved parameterisation, and the strange quark PDF due to the effect of LHC W, Z data and inclusion of new NNLO corrections for dimuon production in neutrino DIS. We discuss the phenomenological impact of our results, and in general find reduced uncertainties in predictions for processes such as Higgs, top quark pair and W, Z production at post LHC Run-II energies.
Journal Article
Solid state insurrection : how the science of substance made American physics matter
\"Solid state physics, the study of the physical properties of solid matter, was the most populous subfield of Cold War American physics. Despite prolific contributions to consumer and medical technology, such as the transistor and magnetic resonance imaging, it garnered less professional prestige and public attention than nuclear and particle physics. Solid State Insurrection argues that solid state physics was essential to securing the vast social, political, and financial capital Cold War physics enjoyed in the twentieth century. Solid state's technological bent, and its challenge to the \"pure science\" ideal many physicists cherished, helped physics as a whole respond more readily to Cold War social, political, and economic pressures. Its research kept physics economically and technologically relevant, sustaining its cultural standing and policy influence long after the sheen of the Manhattan Project had faded. With this book, Joseph D. Martin brings a new perspective to some of the most enduring questions about the role of physics in American history\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Restored iron transport by a small molecule promotes absorption and hemoglobinization in animals
Multiple human diseases ensue from a hereditary or acquired deficiency of iron-transporting protein function that diminishes transmembrane iron flux in distinct sites and directions. Because other iron-transport proteins remain active, labile iron gradients build up across the corresponding protein-deficient membranes. Here we report that a small-molecule natural product, hinokitiol, can harness such gradients to restore iron transport into, within, and/or out of cells. The same compound promotes gut iron absorption in DMT1-deficient rats and ferroportin-deficient mice, as well as hemoglobinization in DMT1- and mitoferrin-deficient zebrafish. These findings illuminate a general mechanistic framework for small molecule–mediated site- and direction-selective restoration of iron transport. They also suggest that small molecules that partially mimic the function of missing protein transporters of iron, and possibly other ions, may have potential in treating human diseases.
Journal Article
An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials
An affordable, safe, and scalable battery system is presented, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte.
An affordable redox-flow battery
Redox-flow batteries are seen as a promising technology for storing energy from renewable resources: they are rechargeable and are easily adapted to larger scales simply by increasing the volume of the liquid electrolytes. Most redox-flow batteries are based on metals, usually vanadium, in acidic media, and charge generation is based on ion-selective membranes separating the two electrolytes. Now Ulrich Schubert and colleagues have developed a redox-flow battery that uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material, in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. The battery is non-toxic and cheaper to produce than traditional flow batteries.
For renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric to be effectively used in the grid of the future, flexible and scalable energy-storage solutions are necessary to mitigate output fluctuations
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. Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) were first built in the 1940s
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and are considered a promising large-scale energy-storage technology
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. A limited number of redox-active materials
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—mainly metal salts, corrosive halogens, and low-molar-mass organic compounds—have been investigated as active materials, and only a few membrane materials
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, such as Nafion, have been considered for RFBs. However, for systems that are intended for both domestic and large-scale use, safety and cost must be taken into account as well as energy density and capacity, particularly regarding long-term access to metal resources, which places limits on the lithium-ion-based and vanadium-based RFB development
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,
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. Here we describe an affordable, safe, and scalable battery system, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes, which separate the anode and the cathode by the retention of the non-metallic, active (macro-molecular) species, and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. This water- and polymer-based RFB has an energy density of 10 watt hours per litre, current densities of up to 100 milliamperes per square centimetre, and stable long-term cycling capability. The polymer-based RFB we present uses an environmentally benign sodium chloride solution and cheap, commercially available filter membranes instead of highly corrosive acid electrolytes and expensive membrane materials.
Journal Article