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An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials
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An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials
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Journal Article
An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials
2015
Overview
An affordable, safe, and scalable battery system is presented, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte.
An affordable redox-flow battery
Redox-flow batteries are seen as a promising technology for storing energy from renewable resources: they are rechargeable and are easily adapted to larger scales simply by increasing the volume of the liquid electrolytes. Most redox-flow batteries are based on metals, usually vanadium, in acidic media, and charge generation is based on ion-selective membranes separating the two electrolytes. Now Ulrich Schubert and colleagues have developed a redox-flow battery that uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material, in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. The battery is non-toxic and cheaper to produce than traditional flow batteries.
For renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric to be effectively used in the grid of the future, flexible and scalable energy-storage solutions are necessary to mitigate output fluctuations
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. Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) were first built in the 1940s
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and are considered a promising large-scale energy-storage technology
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,
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,
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. A limited number of redox-active materials
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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—mainly metal salts, corrosive halogens, and low-molar-mass organic compounds—have been investigated as active materials, and only a few membrane materials
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, such as Nafion, have been considered for RFBs. However, for systems that are intended for both domestic and large-scale use, safety and cost must be taken into account as well as energy density and capacity, particularly regarding long-term access to metal resources, which places limits on the lithium-ion-based and vanadium-based RFB development
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,
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. Here we describe an affordable, safe, and scalable battery system, which uses organic polymers as the charge-storage material in combination with inexpensive dialysis membranes, which separate the anode and the cathode by the retention of the non-metallic, active (macro-molecular) species, and an aqueous sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. This water- and polymer-based RFB has an energy density of 10 watt hours per litre, current densities of up to 100 milliamperes per square centimetre, and stable long-term cycling capability. The polymer-based RFB we present uses an environmentally benign sodium chloride solution and cheap, commercially available filter membranes instead of highly corrosive acid electrolytes and expensive membrane materials.
