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The River Nile is the main source of fresh water in Egypt, where its water is used for irrigation, drinking, fisheries, industrial uses, and recreation. For sustainable utilization of the River Nile and its branches in the Nile Delta region, it is necessary to monitor regular investigation for the biodiversity of protozoan fauna in the Damietta branch and other freshwater canals in Dakahlyia Governorate. Water samples were collected monthly from different water sources, for 1 year, and examined for protozoans, using phase-contrast microscopy and recorded video films, The genus Vannella Bovee 1965 is recorded for the first time in four freshwater localities: Demietta branch of the River Nile, Mansouria Canal, Bouhia Canal, and Bahr El-Saghir Canal. A detailed morphological description with a brief report of their locomotion has been given for four morphologically different Vannella species. The locomotive form of Vannella sp.1 has a long pointed posterior tail and 2 lateral posterior processes. Such a tail was absent in other Vannella species. Vannella sp.2 is unique among other recorded species, where its locomotive form possesses a long posterior rounded tail region and a frontal hyaloplasm provided with a wavy surface that forms several lobes and finger-like processes during locomotion. In addition, the hyaloplasm produces several transverse waves that vary in thickness and density. The floating form of Vannella sp.2 is of a radial type and has comparatively long hyaline pointed and spiral pseudopodia. The process of transformation of locomotive form to floating form in Vannella sp.2 has been followed up using several recorded video films. The locomotive form of Vannella sp.3 is bear-shaped, while that of Vannella sp.4 has variable shapes from semicircular to rectangular and sometimes fan-shaped. During movement in vivo, locomotive cells of all Vannella species, except Vannella sp.1, move in nearly a straight line, but there were variations in their rate of locomotion. Vannella sp.4 recorded the highest rate (6.8 µm/s), followed by Vannella sp.2 (4.5 µm/s), Vannella sp.3 (2.4 µm/s), and finally Vannella sp.1 (1.0 µm/s). Molecular studies and transmission electron microscope examinations are still needed to confirm the precise identity of each Vannella species.

This study examines the influence of deceptive marketing tactics on marketing ambidexterity within the airline industry. As competition intensifies, some airlines may resort to misleading advertising, hidden fees, or exaggerated claims to attract customers, making it essential to understand the implications of such practices on marketing capabilities. The research adopts a quantitative approach, surveying airline employees to assess the relationship between deceptive marketing and key dimensions of marketing ambidexterity: opportunity exploration, opportunity exploitation, and marketing flexibility. The findings reveal that deceptive marketing significantly enhances opportunity exploration and exploitation, enabling airlines to test new markets and optimize existing ones. However, no significant relationship is found between deceptive marketing and marketing flexibility, suggesting that deceptive strategies may hinder adaptability in dynamic market conditions. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the role of deception in shaping airline marketing strategies and offers insights into balancing competitive advantage with ethical considerations.

In the competitive airline industry, intrusive marketing strategies such as behavioral tracking, targeted promotions, and stealth marketing are increasingly used to enhance marketing flexibility. While these tactics allow airlines to adapt quickly to market changes, they also raise ethical concerns and consumer resistance. This study examines the relationship between intrusive marketing and marketing flexibility using an online questionnaire targeting airline employees. The results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship, suggesting that intrusive marketing enhances flexibility. However, its impact depends on consumer trust, ethical considerations, and regulatory constraints. Findings highlight the dual nature of intrusive marketing- it improves responsiveness but may undermine brand credibility if overused. Managers should balance personalization with transparency to maintain engagement without alienating consumers.

The aim of this study is to identify the factors that affect students' engagement and satisfaction with digital learning platforms and to examine how these factors affect their intentions to use the digital learning platforms. Data were obtained from 324 undergraduates from different tourism and hotel faculties who went through a fully online learning experience during the COVID19 pandemic. Therefore, the study focused on digital textbook systems that were initiated during the COVID-19 outbreak and are still in use today. The findings showed that academic flexible material delivery and the teaching staff's role have a positive impact on perceived usefulness and that they also indirectly affect students' intentions to use digital learning platforms regularly. Additionally, it was discovered that the perceived usefulness had a direct positive influence on students' engagement, satisfaction, and intention to use the digital learning platforms continuously, as well as an indirect impact on usage intention via the students' engagement and satisfaction. These findings imply that, in light of student intention to use these platforms in perpetuity, flexible content delivery, a favorable teaching staff role, the perceived usefulness, student engagement, and student satisfaction should be considered in the design and development of the DLPs.

The impacts of oregano essential oil and sodium butyrate on the growth performance, hematological, biochemical, immunological, antioxidative, and gene expression profiles of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) fingerlings were examined in this study. One hundred eighty healthy fingerlings (16.00 ± 2.00 g) were acclimated and accidentally divided into three groups, each further split into three replicates. The groups were fed a basal diet (control) or diets supplemented with 0.5% and 1% oregano essential oil and sodium butyrate for eight weeks (The feed additives were administered continuously throughout an 8-week trial period, simulating a practical feeding strategy that would be feasible during high-risk periods (e.g., post-handling stress, seasonal disease outbreaks). Fish fed the supplemented diets demonstrated significantly greater growth performance, with the oregano 1% + sodium butyrate 1% group achieving the highest final body weight (36.91 ± 0.66 g) and lowest feed conversion ratio (1.32 ± 0.04). Hematological indices, including RBC count, Hb, and PCV, were substantially improved. Biochemical analysis revealed reduced ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels alongside elevated total protein and globulin concentrations in treated groups. Immunological and antioxidative parameters, such as WBC count, phagocytic activity, SOD, and GPX, showed significant enhancements, particularly in the oregano 1% + sodium butyrate 1% group. Gene expression analysis exposed upregulation of immune-related (TNF-α, IL-1β) and antioxidative (SOD, GPX) genes in supplemented groups, highlighting their role in enhancing health and stress responses. Post Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the supplemented groups exhibited improved immunity, antioxidative status, and survival. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil and sodium butyrate, particularly at 1% inclusion, effectively enhances growth, health status, immunity, and gene expression in Nile tilapia.

This study investigated a disease outbreak characterized by caligid copepod infestations and subsequent secondary bacterial infections in European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and flathead grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) cultivated at a private facility in the Deeba Triangle region of Egypt. Moribund fish displayed brown spots on the skin, tongue, and gills, along with lethargy and excess mucus. The fish suffered severe infections, exhibiting external hemorrhages, ulcers, and ascites. The fish had pale, enlarged livers with hemorrhaging. Comprehensive parasitological, bacteriological, molecular, immunity and histopathological analyses were conducted to identify the etiological agents and pathological changes. Caligid copepod infestation was observed in wet mounts from the buccal and branchial cavities of all examined fish, and the caligids were identified as Caligus clemensi through COI gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Vibrio alginolyticus was confirmed as a secondary bacterial infection through biochemical tests, recA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in V. alginolyticus isolates. Upregulation of the inflammatory marker IL-1β in gill and skin tissues indicated a robust cell-mediated immune response against the pathogens. Histopathological examination revealed severe tissue damage, hyperplasia, hemorrhage, and congestion in the gills, along with hepatocellular degeneration and steatosis in the liver, providing initial insights into this outbreak. A comprehensive therapeutic regimen was implemented, comprising prolonged hydrogen peroxide immersion baths, followed by the application of the nature-identical plant-based compound Lice-less and probiotic Sanolife Pro-W supplementation. This integrated approach effectively eliminated C. clemensi infestations, controlled secondary bacterial infections, and restored fish health, reducing morbidity and mortality rates to minimal levels.

Carvedilol (CAR) is a cardiovascular drug commonly used for the management of hypertension, heart failure and angina pectoris. However, it has low oral bioavailability due to pre-systematic breakdown by liver enzymes which necessitates multiple doses per day. The present study investigates the development of sustained release transdermal carvedilol-loaded ethosomal formulation. CAR- ethosomal formulation was prepared by cold method with1% lipid, 50mg Carvedilol, 30% ethanol (v/v) and sonication time 3 min. The prepared formulation was characterized for vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE%). The formula showed small vesicle size (46.75±9.41nm) and high EE% (97%). Accordingly, it was subjected to stability study, TEM and zeta potential analysis. The formula showed good physical stability at refrigeration temperature after 90 days storage period as well as good zeta potential of +38.75mV. Our formula exhibited spherical unilamellar structure under TEM. Consequently, our formula was made as gel using HPMC polymer and was tested for pH, spreadability, drug content, skin permeation and pharmacokinetic study by HPLC-MS technique. Plasma drug levels were measured for rats after administration of both ethosomal gel and oral carvedilol tablet. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared between the transdermal and oral dosage forms. Our formula showed lower t max and higher AUC0-24 than oral carvedilol tablet. Our findings affirm the potential of ethosomes as new vesicular carriers in sustained transdermal management of common cardiovascular conditions.

To assess the effect of parental and peer support on children's self-esteem during the isolation period in COVID-19-infected children is the main objective of this study. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. One hundred ninety children with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. A survey questionnaire to assess family and children's demographic characteristics was used for this study. A 13-item scale to assess parental support during the isolation period and a 10-item scale to assess peers' support during the isolation period were evaluated. Along with it, a 10-item scale to assess self-esteem during the isolation period was also measured. Home isolation was associated with higher parental and peer support scores than hospital isolation. The mean age of study participants was 13.23 ± 4.05 years; 52.6% were isolated at home versus 47.4% in hospital isolation. Phone calling and WhatsApp/messenger chat were methods of communication for 44.2% and 33.2% of patients, respectively. 6.3% of them had no method of communication. Child self-esteem was significantly affected by both parental and peer support during isolation. The increase in pronounced negative psychological effects such as disorientation, anger, low self-esteem and post-traumatic distress may be caused by a lack of parental care. Patients or the general public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. The study's aim and objectives were developed based on children's self-esteem, which was limited by questionnaire data information, so the researchers completed demographic and disease-related questionnaires by interviewing them.