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"McLaughlin, Zack"
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Acetaminophen, Aspirin, and Chronic Renal Failure
Epidemiologic studies have linked the use of nonnarcotic analgesics with the development of chronic renal failure, yet whether this relation is causal has been unclear. This nationwide, population-based, case–control study of early-stage chronic renal insufficiency in Sweden found that the regular use of either aspirin or acetaminophen increases the risk of chronic renal failure by a factor of 2.5.
Analgesic nephropathy, first attributed to the habitual use of phenacetin-containing analgesics,
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has also been described among users of excessive amounts of analgesic mixtures containing acetaminophen (paracetamol), aspirin, caffeine, or codeine.
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The use of single-ingredient analgesics containing acetaminophen or aspirin has also been linked with chronic renal failure.
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Previous case–control studies evaluating analgesic use in relation to chronic renal failure have had methodologic shortcomings,
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including a failure to identify patients early enough in the course of their disease to ensure that the disease itself had not led to a change in the use of analgesics; a failure . . .
Journal Article
Noninvasive detection of tumor-infiltrating T cells by PET reporter imaging
Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells can successfully reduce tumor burden; however, in rare cases, lethal on-target/off-tumor effects have been reported. A noninvasive method to track engineered cells with high sensitivity and resolution would allow observation of correct cell homing and/or identification of dangerous off-target locations in preclinical and clinical applications. Human deoxycytidine kinase triple mutant (hdCK3mut) is a nonimmunogenic PET reporter that was previously shown to be an effective tool to monitor whole-body hematopoiesis. Here, we engineered a construct in which hdCK3mut is coexpressed with the anti-melanoma T cell receptor F5, introduced this construct into human CD34 cells or PBMCs, and evaluated this approach in multiple immunotherapy models. Expression of hdCK3mut allowed engrafted cells to be visualized within recipient bone marrow, while accumulation of [18F]-L-FMAU in hdCK3mut-expressing T cells permitted detection of intratumoral homing. Animals that received T cells coexpressing hdCK3mut and the anti-melanoma T cell receptor had demonstrably higher signals in HLA-matched tumors compared with those in animals that received cells solely expressing hdCK3mut. Engineered T cells caused cytotoxicity in HLA/antigen-matched tumors and induced IFN-γ production and activation. Moreover, hdCK3mut permitted simultaneous monitoring of engraftment and tumor infiltration, without affecting T cell function. Our findings suggest that hdCK3mut reporter imaging can be applied in clinical immunotherapies for whole-body detection of engineered cell locations.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Deaths in the United States, April—July 2009
During the spring of 2009, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) was recognized and rapidly spread worldwide. To describe the geographic distribution and patient characteristics of pH1N1-associated deaths in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requested information from health departments on all laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 deaths reported from 17 April through 23 July 2009. Data were collected using medical charts, medical examiner reports, and death certificates. A total of 377 pH1N1-associated deaths were identified, for a mortality rate of .12 deaths per 100 000 population. Activity was geographically localized, with the highest mortality rates in Hawaii, New York, and Utah. Seventy-six percent of deaths occurred in persons aged 18—65 years, and 9% occurred in persons aged ≥65 years. Underlying medical conditions were reported for 78% of deaths: chronic lung disease among adults (39%) and neurologic disease among children (54%). Overall mortality associated with pH1N1 was low; however, the majority of deaths occurred in persons aged <65 years with underlying medical conditions.
Journal Article
COVID-19 Contact Tracing in Two Counties — North Carolina, June–July 2020
Contact tracing is a strategy implemented to minimize the spread of communicable diseases (1,2). Prompt contact tracing, testing, and self-quarantine can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (3,4). Community engagement is important to encourage participation in and cooperation with SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing (5). Substantial investments have been made to scale up contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States. During June 1-July 12, 2020, the incidence of COVID-19 cases in North Carolina increased 183%, from seven to 19 per 100,000 persons per day* (6). To assess local COVID-19 contact tracing implementation, data from two counties in North Carolina were analyzed during a period of high incidence. Health department staff members investigated 5,514 (77%) persons with COVID-19 in Mecklenburg County and 584 (99%) in Randolph Counties. No contacts were reported for 48% of cases in Mecklenburg and for 35% in Randolph. Among contacts provided, 25% in Mecklenburg and 48% in Randolph could not be reached by telephone and were classified as nonresponsive after at least one attempt on 3 consecutive days of failed attempts. The median interval from specimen collection from the index patient to notification of identified contacts was 6 days in both counties. Despite aggressive efforts by health department staff members to perform case investigations and contact tracing, many persons with COVID-19 did not report contacts, and many contacts were not reached. These findings indicate that improved timeliness of contact tracing, community engagement, and increased use of community-wide mitigation are needed to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Journal Article
COVID-19 Contact Tracing in Two Counties - North Carolina, June–July 2020
Contact tracing is a strategy implemented to minimize the spread of communicable diseases. Prompt contact tracing, testing, and self-quarantine can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Community engagement is important to encourage participation in and cooperation with SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing. Substantial investments have been made to scale up contact tracing for COVID-19 in the US. During Jun 1-Jul 12, 2020, the incidence of COVID-19 cases in North Carolina increased 183%, from seven to 19 per 100,000 persons per day. Here, Lash et al assess the local COVID-19 contact tracing implementation from two counties in North Carolina.
Report