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Adequate testing is critically important for control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antibody testing is an option for case management and epidemiologic studies, with high specificity and variable sensitivity. However, characteristics of local populations may affect performance of these tests. For this reason, the National Institute of Health (INS) and regulatory agencies in Colombia require verification of diagnostic accuracy of tests introduced to the Colombian market. We conducted a validation study of the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 test for qualitative detection of IgG using the Abbott Architect i2000SR. Participants and retrospective samples were included from patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, age ≥18 years, and ≥8 days elapsed since initiation of symptoms. Pre-pandemic plasma samples (taken before October 2019) were used as controls. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity and agreement (kappa) of the Abbott IgG test compared to the gold standard (RT-PCR). The overall sensitivity was 83.1% (95% CI: 75.4-100). Sensitivity among patients with ≥14 days since the start of symptoms was 85.7%, reaching 88% in samples collected from patients with COVID-19 symptoms onset >60 days. Specificity was 100% and the kappa index of agreement was 0.804 (95% CI: 0.642-0.965). Our findings show high sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott IgG test in a Colombian population, which meet the criteria set by the Colombian INS to aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Data from our patient groups also suggest that IgG response is detectable in a high proportion of individuals (88.1%) during the first two months following onset of symptoms.

In this article, we treat language teacher identity as foundational to educational practice and see Foucault's (1983, 1997) notion of ethical self-formation, and its adoption in teacher education research by Clarke (2008, 2009, 2010), as providing a potential vehicle for understanding the development of teacher agency and critical identity work. We use the 4 axes of Foucault's (1983) approach to ethical self-formation, as captured in Clarke's (2009) \"Diagram for Doing Identity Work,\" in exploring a case study of an elementary reading and language arts teacher who worked in a multilingual inclusion classroom with exceptional (i.e., learning disabled) and mainstreamed students. We consider the relevance of how this teacher's identity developed over the course of 7 interviews, spanning 9 years, for teacher identity work in language teacher education (LTE). In doing so, we foreground the critical as well as the dangerous potential of all teachers' identity work and argue for the importance of nurturing teachers' reflective, action-oriented identity practices as well as fostering a self-awareness of language teachers as ethical subjects \"acting on others\" (Foucault, 1997, p. 262) even as they struggle within power relations that press upon educational practices and discourses.

Teaching literacy skills through high-quality trade books that provide diverse cultural perspectives is increasingly difficult due to challenges to teachers’ book selections. To meet their professional responsibilities, teachers must select literature they judge effective for developing students’ awareness and understanding of others’ perspectives. Adriana L. Medina, Rachelle Kuehl, and Edwina Pendarvis discuss how teachers can prepare for challenges by relying on learning standards, consulting book awards lists, and building trust with families. They offer methods for navigating controversy while fostering social responsibility and global competencies and protecting students’ access to literature that teaches perspective-taking and promotes understanding of people with differing backgrounds, experiences, and societal contributions.

The authors show that the Drosophila gustatory receptor Gr64e is necessary and sufficient for neuronal and behavioral response to glycerol. They find that species of Drosophila that are predicted to carry pseudogenes of Gr64e have reduced glycerol sensitivity. Very little is known about how stimuli that are typically not rich in sugars, such as beer, trigger attractive gustatory responses in Drosophila . We identified a member of the gustatory receptor family, Gr64e, as a receptor that is required for feeding preference for beer and other sources that have fermenting yeast. We found that Gr64e is required for neuronal and behavioral responses to glycerol, an abundant component of growing yeast and fermentation products. Ectopic expression of Gr64e in an olfactory neuron conferred responsiveness to glycerol. We also found that Drosophila species that are predicted to carry pseudogenes of Gr64e had reduced glycerol sensitivity. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of feeding acceptance of yeast products and raise the possibility that Gr64e contributes to specific evolutionary variations in appetitive selectivity across Drosophila species.

The purpose of this study was to describe and report on a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) implemented as a multi-institutional virtual program using in-service teachers as mentors to support undergraduate students’ research process. Ninety-eight students enrolled in four undergraduate social science courses across three institutions within one state public university system, located in the Southeast region of the United States, were organized into ten cross-institutional groups consisting often students with one or two teacher-mentors, who were alums of the teacher education program. The mentoring relationships functioned to provide social-emotional support, career and professional development, and role modeling. The teacher-mentors had an impact developing undergraduate students’ global competencies, research skills, and their identity as researchers and future professionals.

In this practitioner-based teaching tip, the authors provide pragmatic tips to teachers regarding the integration of global education and literacy instruction. Through the pairing of the Sustainable Development Goals and carefully selected trade books, teachers are provided with a framework that can help them get started transforming their curriculum into one that is more globally minded. Throughout this teaching tip, teachers are encouraged to position themselves as learners along with their students, familiarize themselves with the Sustainable Development Goals, evaluate trade books for their relevancy to the Sustainable Development Goals, and explore the connections between local and global issues that are directly relevant to their students’ lives. Detailed steps walk readers through the planning process and excerpts from a teacher’s classroom provide support for the implementation practices recommended by the authors. Website and book recommendations provide teachers with tangible resources that can be easily transferred to classroom practice.

Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) is a prevalent disease in all regions, where cassava is cultivated. CBB is a foliar and vascular disease usually controlled through host resistance. Previous studies have found QTLs explaining resistance to several Xam strains. Interestingly, one QTL called XM5 that explained 13% of resistance to XamCIO136 was associated with a similar fragment of the rice Xa21-resistance gene called PCR250. In this study, we aimed to further identify and characterize this fragment and its role in resistance to CBB. Screening and hybridization of a BAC library using the molecular marker PCR250 as a probe led to the identification of a receptor-like kinase similar to Xa21 and were called RXam1 (Resistance to Xam 1). Here, we report the functional characterization of susceptible cassava plants overexpressing RXam1. Our results indicated that the overexpression of RXam1 leads to a reduction in bacterial growth of XamCIO136. This suggests that RXAM1 might be implicated in strain-specific resistance to XamCIO136.

Nimodipine, an L-type cerebroselective calcium channel antagonist, is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the neuroprotection of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Four randomized, placebo-controlled trials of nimodipine demonstrated clinical improvement over placebo; however, these occurred before precision medicine with pharmacogenomics was readily available. The standard enteral dose of nimodipine recommended after aSAH is 60 mg every 4 h. However, up to 78% of patients with aSAH develop systemic arterial hypotension after taking the drug at the recommended dose, which could theoretically limit its neuroprotective role and worsen cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebral blood flow, particularly when concomitant vasospasm is present. We investigated the association between nimodipine dose changes and clinical outcomes in a consecutive series of 150 patients (mean age, 56 years; 70.7% women) with acute aSAH. We describe the pharmacogenomic relationship of nimodipine dose reduction with clinical outcomes. These results have major implications for future individualized dosing of nimodipine in the era of precision medicine.

The importance of cassava as the fourth largest source of calories in the world requires that contributions of biotechnology to improving this crop, advances and current challenges, be periodically reviewed. Plant biotechnology offers a wide range of opportunities that can help cassava become a better crop for a constantly changing world. We therefore review the state of knowledge on the current use of biotechnology applied to cassava cultivars and its implications for breeding the crop into the future. The history of the development of the first transgenic cassava plant serves as the basis to explore molecular aspects of somatic embryogenesis and friable embryogenic callus production. We analyze complex plant-pathogen interactions to profit from such knowledge to help cassava fight bacterial diseases and look at candidate genes possibly involved in resistance to viruses and whiteflies—the two most important traits of cassava. The review also covers the analyses of main achievements in transgenic-mediated nutritional improvement and mass production of healthy plants by tissue culture and synthetic seeds. Finally, the perspectives of using genome editing and the challenges associated to climate change for further improving the crop are discussed. During the last 30 yr, great advances have been made in cassava using biotechnology, but they need to scale out of the proof of concept to the fields of cassava growers.

Key Clinical Message Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare dermatological condition caused by a virus that predominantly affects immunosuppressed individuals. In this patient population, including organ transplant recipients, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for possible infectious causes of persistent dermatologic conditions. Early diagnosis can facilitate treatment and help avoid disease progression and complications. Trichodysplasia spinulosa: a rare viral skin disease caused by the trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) affecting immunosuppressed individuals.