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result(s) for
"Mehlem, Annika"
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Imaging of neutral lipids by oil red O for analyzing the metabolic status in health and disease
by
Eriksson, Ulf
,
Hagberg, Carolina E
,
Muhl, Lars
in
631/1647/245/2160
,
631/1647/334
,
631/45/287
2013
Excess lipid accumulation in peripheral tissues is a key feature of many metabolic diseases. Therefore, techniques for imaging and quantifying lipids in various tissues are important for understanding and evaluating the overall metabolic status of a research subject. Here we present a protocol that detects neutral lipids and lipid droplet (LD) morphology by oil red O (ORO) staining of sections from frozen tissues. The method allows for easy estimation of tissue lipid content and distribution using only basic laboratory and computer equipment. Furthermore, the procedure described here is well suited for the comparison of different metabolically challenged animal models. As an example, we include data on muscular and hepatic lipid accumulation in diet-induced and genetically induced diabetic mice. The experimental description presents details for optimal staining of lipids using ORO, including tissue collection, sectioning, staining, imaging and measurements of tissue lipids, in a time frame of less than 2 d.
Journal Article
Gpr116 Receptor Regulates Distinctive Functions in Pneumocytes and Vascular Endothelium
by
Berg, Tove
,
Pietras, Kristian
,
Gaengel, Konstantin
in
Adhesion
,
Alveolar Epithelial Cells - metabolism
,
Analysis
2015
Despite its known expression in both the vascular endothelium and the lung epithelium, until recently the physiological role of the adhesion receptor Gpr116/ADGRF5 has remained elusive. We generated a new mouse model of constitutive Gpr116 inactivation, with a large genetic deletion encompassing exon 4 to exon 21 of the Gpr116 gene. This model allowed us to confirm recent results defining Gpr116 as necessary regulator of surfactant homeostasis. The loss of Gpr116 provokes an early accumulation of surfactant in the lungs, followed by a massive infiltration of macrophages, and eventually progresses into an emphysema-like pathology. Further analysis of this knockout model revealed cerebral vascular leakage, beginning at around 1.5 months of age. Additionally, endothelial-specific deletion of Gpr116 resulted in a significant increase of the brain vascular leakage. Mice devoid of Gpr116 developed an anatomically normal and largely functional vascular network, surprisingly exhibited an attenuated pathological retinal vascular response in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. These data suggest that Gpr116 modulates endothelial properties, a previously unappreciated function despite the pan-vascular expression of this receptor. Our results support the key pulmonary function of Gpr116 and describe a new role in the central nervous system vasculature.
Journal Article
Targeting VEGF-B as a novel treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
by
Fam, Barbara C.
,
Muhl, Lars
,
Mehlem, Annika
in
631/443/319/1642/137/773
,
631/80/86
,
692/700/565/1436/2185
2012
Inhibition of VEGF-B signalling is shown to limit ectopic fatty-acid accumulation, restore peripheral insulin sensitivity and muscle glucose uptake, and preserve pancreatic islet functionality.
VEGF-B agonists as antidiabetics
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that affects more than 310 million people worldwide, about 90% of whom display insulin resistance. This study demonstrates, in several animal models of type 2 diabetes, that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of signalling by vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) can limit the accumulation of fats in the muscles and reverse adverse metabolic consequences of type 2 diabetes, including insulin resistance. The authors suggest that VEGF-B antagonists could be effective in controlling type 2 diabetes by targeting the lipid-transport properties of the endothelium to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing, with severe socioeconomic impacts
1
,
2
. Excess lipid deposition in peripheral tissues impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and has been proposed to contribute to the pathology of type 2 diabetes
3
,
4
,
5
. However, few treatment options exist that directly target ectopic lipid accumulation
6
. Recently it was found that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) controls endothelial uptake and transport of fatty acids in heart and skeletal muscle
7
. Here we show that decreased VEGF-B signalling in rodent models of type 2 diabetes restores insulin sensitivity and improves glucose tolerance. Genetic deletion of
Vegfb
in diabetic
db/db
mice prevented ectopic lipid deposition, increased muscle glucose uptake and maintained normoglycaemia. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF-B signalling by antibody administration to
db/db
mice enhanced glucose tolerance, preserved pancreatic islet architecture, improved β-cell function and ameliorated dyslipidaemia, key elements of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The potential use of VEGF-B neutralization in type 2 diabetes was further elucidated in rats fed a high-fat diet, in which it normalized insulin sensitivity and increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and heart. Our results demonstrate that the vascular endothelium can function as an efficient barrier to excess muscle lipid uptake even under conditions of severe obesity and type 2 diabetes, and that this barrier can be maintained by inhibition of VEGF-B signalling. We propose VEGF-B antagonism as a novel pharmacological approach for type 2 diabetes, targeting the lipid-transport properties of the endothelium to improve muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.
Journal Article
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B-Role in Metabolism, Lipotoxicity and Disease
2016
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B (VEGF-B) är ett tillväxtprotein som styr mängden fett som transporteras genom blodkärlsväggen till celler, till exempel muskelceller. Genom att genmanipulera möss kan mängden VEGF-B minskas, vilket reducerar den mängd fett som transporteras igenom blodkärlsväggen och in i cellen.I delarbete I, undersöker vi hur VEGF-B regleras. Vi kan visa, både genom analyser i celler och i möss, att mängden VEGF-B styrs av ett protein känt som peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). PGC-1α reglerar också antalet mitokondrier som finns i cellen. I mitokondrierna används de fetter som cellen tar upp för att utvinna energi. Eftersom PGC-1α också reglerar mängden VEGF-B, koordineras antalet mitokondrier med mängden fett som transporteras in i cellen, och därmed undviks sjuklig fettansamling.Patienter med Typ 2 Diabetes (T2D) har mycket högre mängder fett i centrala organ såsom hjärta, muskler och lever, jämfört med friska individer. I delarbete II ville vi undersöka om det felplacerade fettet kunde vara orsaken till att man utvecklar T2D. Vi kan i flera olika experimentella djurmodeller av T2D visa att om vi minskar mängden VEGF-B, genetiskt eller genom att använda en läkemedelskandidat, så reduceras även mängden fett i de centrala organen. Detta leder till att de djurmodeller som har mindre VEGF-B har en förbättrad sjukdomsutveckling. Därför skulle en läkemedelskandidat mot VEGF-B kunna erbjuda en lovande behandling för patienter med T2D.Diabetes är kopplat till ett flertal följdsjukdomar och diabetisk njursjukdom, även kallat diabetisk nefropati (DN), är en av dessa. I patienter med DN, har man kunnat observera höga mängder fett i njurarna. Vi ville därför i delarbete III studera om man genom att minska mängden fett i njurarna, genom att reducera mängden VEGF-B, kunde hindra eller förbättra sjukdomsutvecklingen. I flera musmodeller av DN kan vi visa att fett ansamlas i njurarna. Om man minskar mängden VEGF-B är fettansamlingen i njurarna kraftigt reducerat och dessa möss har även en mildare sjukdomsutveckling samt en bättre njurfunktion. Vidare visar vi även att patienter med DN har högre mängder VEGF-B i njurarna än friska individer. Att reducera mängden fett i njurarna, via VEGF-B antagonism, skulle därför kunna vara en möjlig behandling mot DN.Slutligen, i delarbete IV, har vi optimerat en metod som gör att man kan mäta mängden fett som finns i vävnaden. Denna metod har möjliggjort en noggrann kvantifiering av hur mycket fett som finns inlagrat, och har därför varit ovärderlig för samtliga delarbeten som diskuterats ovan.I denna avhandling föreslår vi sammanfattningsvis att en ökad inlagring av fett i centrala organ som muskel, hjärta och njure kan leda till T2D och DN. Genom att minska mängden VEGF-B, och därigenom fettansamlingen, kan vi bromsa utvecklingen av båda sjukdomarna. Därför anser vi att reduktion av mängden fett via minskad VEGF-B signallering, skulle kunna vara en ny lovande behandlingsmetod för patienter med T2D och DN.
Dissertation