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Background and Objectives: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a complication of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) may help to decrease lymphedema after ALND by creating lymphatic bypasses. This retrospective single-institution study aimed to compare lymphedema in patients undergoing ALND with and without ILR. Materials and Methods: Bioimpedance and limb measurements determined the presence of BCRL. The categorical data that were collected and analyzed included BMI, comorbidities, BCRL onset, and number of lymphatic bypasses. Pearson’s chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with the onset of lymphedema. An odds ratio compared the incidence of BCRL with and without ILR. Results: In total, 186 patients underwent ALND, 44 (24%) with ILR and 142 (76%) without. The mean number of bypasses during ILRs created was 3.54. The odds of developing lymphedema with ILR were 64% lower than for ALND alone. ILR patients who developed BCRL had a mean onset of 543 days post-operatively versus 389 days in the control group. Age, ethnicity, BMI, and bypass amount had no significant influence on lymphedema development. Conclusions: ILR was associated with lower rates of BCRL after ALND. Patients who developed lymphedema despite undergoing ILR did so 8 months later than the controls.

Recently, the automatic prediction of personality traits has received a lot of attention. Specifically, personality trait prediction from multimodal data has emerged as a hot topic within the field of affective computing. In this paper, we review significant machine learning models which have been employed for personality detection, with an emphasis on deep learning-based methods. This review paper provides an overview of the most popular approaches to automated personality detection, various computational datasets, its industrial applications, and state-of-the-art machine learning models for personality detection with specific focus on multimodal approaches. Personality detection is a very broad and diverse topic: this survey only focuses on computational approaches and leaves out psychological studies on personality detection.

The formation of coherent macroscopic states and the manipulation of their entanglement using external stimuli are essential for emerging quantum applications. However, the observation of collective quantum phenomena such as Bose–Einstein condensation, superconductivity, superfluidity and superradiance has been limited to extremely low temperatures to suppress dephasing due to random thermal agitations. Here we report room-temperature superfluorescence in hybrid perovskite thin films. This surprising discovery shows that in this material platform, there exists an extremely strong immunity to electronic dephasing due to thermal processes. To explain this observation, we propose that the formation of large polarons in hybrid perovskites provides a quantum analogue of vibration isolation to electronic excitation and protects it against dephasing even at room temperature. Understanding the origins of sustained quantum coherence and the superfluorescence phase transition at high temperatures can provide guidance to design systems for emerging quantum information technologies and to realize similar high-temperature macroscopic quantum phenomena in tailored materials.Superfluorescence—the collective emission of fluorescent light—is observed at temperatures up to 330 K in lead halide perovskite thin films. This finding suggests an intrinsic mechanism for protecting the electronic coherence in these materials.

The demand for reliable and cost-effective CO2 gas sensors is escalating due to their extensive applications in various sectors such as food packaging, indoor air quality assessment, and real-time monitoring of anthropogenic CO2 emissions to mitigate global warming. Nanostructured materials exhibit exceptional properties, including small grain size, controlled morphology, and heterojunction effects, rendering them promising candidates for chemiresistive CO2 gas sensors. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements in chemiresistive CO2 gas sensors based on nanostructured semiconducting materials. Specifically, it discusses single oxide structures, metal-decorated oxide nanostructures, and heterostructures, elucidating the correlations between these nanostructures and their CO2 sensing properties. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and future prospects of chemiresistive CO2 gas sensors, aiming to provide insights into the ongoing developments in this field.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is widely prevalent and has diverse management options which are poorly understood and accessed by patients. This cross-sectional TikTok study aimed to evaluate the quality of ED educational materials and define trends in healthcare provider content development. Three reviewers independently analyzed 50 videos. Variables of interest included author characteristics, viewer engagement, content accuracy, and video quality, understandability, and actionability. Quantitative analysis was performed using the validated PEMAT and DISCERN screening tools. A wide range of treatment options were presented among the 26 healthcare and 24 non-healthcare videos, including behavioral techniques, herbs/ supplements, dietary modifications, pharmacology, and interventions. Healthcare authors tended to focus on pharmacology and intervention, and when they did discuss behavioral, herbal, or dietary options, accuracy significantly exceeded non-healthcare authors (96.2% vs. 12.5%, p  < 0.001). Although healthcare-authored videos were superior in accuracy and understandability scores ( p  < 0.001), they had low actionability and reduced user engagement including likes (1195 vs. 4723, p  = 0.050) and bookmarks (114 vs. 839, p  = 0.010). Our findings indicate that despite the availability of high-quality ED treatment resources created by healthcare professionals on TikTok, engagement and actionability remain alarmingly low. Furthermore, there is substantial, readily accessible misinformation produced by non-healthcare entities. Modernized medical education paradigms, communications research, and awareness may optimize social media as a public health tool.

Vitamin K2-7, also known as menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a form of vitamin K that has health-beneficial effects in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Compared to vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), K2-7 is absorbed more readily and is more bioavailable. Clinical studies have unequivocally demonstrated the utility of vitamin K2-7 supplementation in ameliorating peripheral neuropathy, reducing bone fracture risk and improving cardiovascular health. We examine how undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) are converted to carboxylated forms (cOC and cMGP respectively) by K2-7 acting as a cofactor, thus facilitating the deposition of calcium in bones and preventing vascular calcification. K2-7 is beneficial in managing bone loss because it upregulates osteoprotegerin which is a decoy receptor for RANK ligand (RANKL) thus inhibiting bone resorption. We also review the evidence for the health-beneficial outcomes of K2-7 in diabetes, peripheral neuropathy and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we discuss the K2-7-mediated suppression of growth in cancer cells via cell-cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis. The mechanistic basis for the disease-modulating effects of K2-7 is mediated through various signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAP Kinase, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, etc . Interestingly, K2-7 is also responsible for suppression of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α. We elucidate various genes modulated by K2-7 as well as the clinical pharmacometrics of vitamin K2-7 including K2-7-mediated pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD). Further, we discuss the current status of clinical trials on K2-7 that shed light on dosing strategies for maximum health benefits. Taken together, this is a synthetic review that delineates the health-beneficial effects of K2-7 in a clinical setting, highlights the molecular basis for these effects, elucidates the clinical pharmacokinetics of K2-7, and underscores the need for K2-7 supplementation in the global diet.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition seen in patients with diabetic neuropathy, cancer chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, idiopathic neuropathy as well as other diseases affecting the nervous system. Only a small percentage of people with neuropathic pain benefit from current medications. The complexity of the disease, poor identification/lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers limit current strategies for the management of neuropathic pain. Multiple genes and pathways involved in human diseases can be regulated by microRNA (miRNA) which are small non-coding RNA. Several miRNAs are found to be dysregulated in neuropathic pain. These miRNAs regulate expression of various genes associated with neuroinflammation and pain, thus, regulating neuropathic pain. Some of these key players include adenylate cyclase ( Ac9), toll-like receptor 8 (Tlr8), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) and RAS p21 protein activator 1 (Rasa1) . With advancements in high-throughput technology and better computational power available for research in present-day pharmacology, biomarker discovery has entered a very exciting phase. We dissect the architecture of miRNA biological networks encompassing both human and rodent microRNAs involved in the development of neuropathic pain. We delineate various microRNAs, and their targets, that may likely serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention in neuropathic pain. miRNAs mediate their effects in neuropathic pain by signal transduction through IRAK/TRAF6, TLR4/NF-κB, TXIP/NLRP3 inflammasome, MAP Kinase, TGFβ and TLR5 signaling pathways. Taken together, the elucidation of the landscape of signature miRNA regulatory networks in neuropathic pain will facilitate the discovery of novel miRNA/target biomarkers for more effective management of neuropathic pain.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented pressure on healthcare system globally. Lack of high-quality evidence on the respiratory management of COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure (C-ARF) has resulted in wide variation in clinical practice. Methods Using a Delphi process, an international panel of 39 experts developed clinical practice statements on the respiratory management of C-ARF in areas where evidence is absent or limited. Agreement was defined as achieved when > 70% experts voted for a given option on the Likert scale statement or > 80% voted for a particular option in multiple-choice questions. Stability was assessed between the two concluding rounds for each statement, using the non-parametric Chi-square ( χ 2 ) test ( p  < 0·05 was considered as unstable). Results Agreement was achieved for 27 (73%) management strategies which were then used to develop expert clinical practice statements. Experts agreed that COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is clinically similar to other forms of ARDS. The Delphi process yielded strong suggestions for use of systemic corticosteroids for critical COVID-19; awake self-proning to improve oxygenation and high flow nasal oxygen to potentially reduce tracheal intubation; non-invasive ventilation for patients with mixed hypoxemic-hypercapnic respiratory failure; tracheal intubation for poor mentation, hemodynamic instability or severe hypoxemia; closed suction systems; lung protective ventilation; prone ventilation (for 16–24 h per day) to improve oxygenation; neuromuscular blocking agents for patient-ventilator dyssynchrony; avoiding delay in extubation for the risk of reintubation; and similar timing of tracheostomy as in non-COVID-19 patients. There was no agreement on positive end expiratory pressure titration or the choice of personal protective equipment. Conclusion Using a Delphi method, an agreement among experts was reached for 27 statements from which 20 expert clinical practice statements were derived on the respiratory management of C-ARF, addressing important decisions for patient management in areas where evidence is either absent or limited. Trial registration : The study was registered with Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT04534569.

Purpose Additive manufacturing (AM) is a layer-by-layer technique that helps to create physical objects from a three-dimensional data set. Fused deposition modeling is a widely used material extrusion (MEX)-based AM technique that melts thermoplastic filaments and selectively deposits them over a build platform. Despite its simplicity and affordability, it suffers from various printing defects, with partial warping being a prevalent issue. Warpage is a physical deformation caused by thermal strain incompatibility that results in the bending of the printed part away from the build platform. This study aims to investigate the warpage characteristics of printed parts based on geometrical parameters and build orientations to reduce the warpage extent. Design/methodology/approach Cuboidal samples of thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ranging from 5 to 80 mm were printed using a commercial MEX system. A Taguchi method-based design of experiment trial was performed to optimize the placement and orientation of the part for minimal warpage. Findings It was found that a lower value of the “in-plane” aspect ratio and a more prominent part thickness are favorable for minimal warpage. The part should always be placed near the region with the highest temperature (least thermal gradient) to minimize the warpage. Originality/value A novel dimensionless parameter (Y) is proposed that should be set to a minimum value to achieve minimal warpage. The results of this study can help improve the design and part placement for the MEX technique, thus elevating the print quality.